Vaccine: X最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the landscape of routine immunization in Nigeria: A scoping review of barriers and facilitators","authors":"Yahaya Mohammed ,&nbsp;Heidi W. Reynolds ,&nbsp;Hyelshilni Waziri ,&nbsp;Adam Attahiru ,&nbsp;Ahmed Olowo-okere ,&nbsp;Moreen Kamateeka ,&nbsp;Ndadilnasiya Endie Waziri ,&nbsp;Aminu Magashi Garba ,&nbsp;Gustavo C. Corrêa ,&nbsp;Rufai Garba ,&nbsp;Nancy Vollmer ,&nbsp;Patrick Nguku","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100563","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100563","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Despite global efforts to improve vaccination coverage, the number of zero-dose and under-immunized children has increased in Africa, particularly in Nigeria, which has over 2.1 million unvaccinated (zero dose) children, the highest in the continent. This scoping review systematically maps and summarizes existing literature on the barriers and facilitators of immunization in Nigeria, focusing on regional inequalities.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A comprehensive search of electronic databases was conducted, encompassing all data from their inception to October 2023, to identify articles on the determinants of routine immunization uptake in Nigeria. Eligible studies were evaluated using predefined criteria, and the data were analyzed and visualized.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results revealed distinct regional variations in factors influencing immunization practices across Nigeria’s six geopolitical zones. Identified barriers include logistical issues, socio-economic factors, cultural influences, and systemic healthcare deficiencies. Key facilitators across multiple zones are health literacy, maternal education, and community leader influence. However, unique regional differences were also identified. In the North-East, significant factors included peer influence, robust reminder systems, provision of additional security, and financial incentives for health facilities. In the North-West, perceived vaccine benefits, fear of non-immunization consequences, urban residence, health literacy, and antenatal care visits were reported as crucial. Perceived benefits of vaccines and trust in healthcare providers were identified as predominant factors in the North-Central zone In the South-East, maternal autonomy, health literacy, and fear of non-immunization consequences were important. In the South-South, peer influence and reminder systems like WhatsApp and SMS were notable, alongside higher maternal education levels. The South-West highlighted maternal autonomy, peer influence, health card usage, high maternal education, and supportive government policies as critical factors.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our findings underscore the need for region-specific interventions that address these unique barriers to improve immunization coverage across Nigeria. Tailored approaches that consider the socio-economic, cultural, and logistical challenges specific to each region are essential to bridge the immunization gap.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100563"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142423272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three doses of Sars-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine in older adults result in similar antibody responses but reduced cellular cytokine responses relative to younger adults","authors":"Geir Bredholt ,&nbsp;Marianne Sævik ,&nbsp;Hanne Søyland ,&nbsp;Thor Ueland ,&nbsp;Fan Zhou ,&nbsp;Rishi Pathirana ,&nbsp;Anders Madsen ,&nbsp;Juha Vahokoski ,&nbsp;Sarah Lartey ,&nbsp;Bente E. Halvorsen ,&nbsp;Tuva B. Dahl ,&nbsp;Mai-Chi Trieu ,&nbsp;Kristin G.-I. Mohn ,&nbsp;Karl Albert Brokstad ,&nbsp;Pål Aukrust ,&nbsp;Camilla Tøndel ,&nbsp;Nina Langeland ,&nbsp;Bjørn Blomberg ,&nbsp;Rebecca Jane Cox ,&nbsp;Bergen COVID-19 Research Group","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Booster COVID-19 vaccinations are used to protect the elderly, a group vulnerable to severe disease. We compared humoral and cellular immunity in older versus younger adults up to eight months after administering a BNT16b2 booster vaccine dose. Next, we analyzed the plasma levels of soluble T cell activation/exhaustion markers.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Home-dwelling older adults (n = 68, median age 86) and younger healthcare workers (n = 35, median age 39), previously vaccinated with two doses of BNT162b2, were given a booster dose at ten months after the initial dose. Our analysis consisted of spike-specific IgG, neutralizing antibodies, memory B cells, IFN-γ and IL-2 secreting T cells and soluble T cell exhaustion/activation markers.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Following the initial two doses, the elderly cohort exhibited lower humoral and IFN-γ responses compared to younger adults. The booster dose increased the humoral responses in both older and younger adults. At two months after the booster dose, older and younger vaccinees had comparable levels of antibodies and the responses were maintained up to 18 months. The younger cohort elicited an increase in the cellular response, while no increase was detected in the elderly. The elderly had higher plasma levels of soluble forms of the T cell activation/exhaustion markers CD25 and TIM-3, which inversely correlated with age and T-cell cytokine responses. This suggests that these markers may be related to the observed dysfunctional cellular cytokine response in older adults. However, both elderly and younger adults who experienced breakthrough infections after booster vaccination, elicited more robust humoral and IFN-γ responses.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The booster dose elicited neutralizing and spike-specific antibody responses in the elderly that were comparable with that of the younger cohort. However, the lack of a strong cellular cytokine response to the third dose in the elderly may explain their vulnerability to severe infection and may be a consequence of exhausted or senescent T cell responses. (<span><span>https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04706390</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100564"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142358180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of vaccine perceptions in Israel’s Elderly: A Comparative study of COVID-19 and influenza vaccination attitudes","authors":"Odai Abu Aid ,&nbsp;Hanan Rohana ,&nbsp;Maya Azrad ,&nbsp;Avi Peretz","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100569","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100569","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate the attitudes of Israeli elderly population towards COVID-19 and influenza vaccines, and to assess factors contributing to these attitudes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Four-hundred and one participants exhibiting symptoms consistent with COVID-19 or influenza were enrolled and filled out a questionnaire. A second questionnaire was filled out for hospitalized patients at discharge. Nasopharyngeal samples were collected and detected for COVID-19 and influenza presence by reverse transcription PCR. Participants were divided into 3 groups according to their attitude towards vaccine- Pro-vaccine, Anti-vaccine and Dependent group, which represented participants whose stance depended on disease infection rate.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Out of 401 participants, 11.2% (45/401) tested positive for COVID-19, 10.5% (42/401) were positive for Influenza A and one (0.2%) patient had Influenza B. The participants expressed varied beliefs about COVID-19 vaccine: 14.7% (59/401) agreed that it causes disease, 25.4% (102/401) doubted vaccine effectiveness and 22.9% (92/401) questioned vaccine safety. A higher percentage of individuals in Pro-Vaccine group (66.3%, 179/270) as compared to Anti-Vaccine (45.3%, 24/53) and to Dependent (60.3%, 47/78) groups had a COVID-19 history. Hospitalization history was significantly more common in Pro-Vaccine (11.1%, 30/270) and Dependent groups (16.7%, 13/78) than in Anti-Vaccine group (1.9%, 1/53).</div><div>Influenza vaccine effectiveness was doubted by 19.7% (79/401), 18% (72/401) participants questioned safety, and 18.7% (75/401) agreed that the vaccine causes disease. The majority of both Dependent (54.2%, 13/24) and Pro-Vaccine (56.2%, 167/297) groups believed they received sufficient information about the vaccine, while only 25% (20/80) of the Anti-Vaccine group has similar impressions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This analysis reveals a notable disinclination towards vaccination among some of the elderly, reflecting their deep and ingrained hesitancy. These findings emphasize the need for customized approaches to improve vaccine acceptance in this vulnerable group. Such strategies should consider the various motivations and influences shaping elderly perspectives, from individual health experiences to wider social and cultural factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100569"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142423273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of measles-rubella vaccination status in the Savannah Region, Ghana: A cross-sectional study among caregivers of children aged 18–59 months","authors":"Michael Rockson Adjei ,&nbsp;Kwabena Adjei Sarfo ,&nbsp;Cyril Kwami Azornu ,&nbsp;Peter Gyamfi Kwarteng ,&nbsp;Felix Osei-Sarpong ,&nbsp;Janet Vanessa Baafi ,&nbsp;Byrite Asamoah ,&nbsp;Chrysantus Kubio ,&nbsp;Martin Peter Grobusch ,&nbsp;Sally-Ann Ohene","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Savannah Region witnessed a decline in measles-rubella (MR) vaccination coverage prior to the measles outbreak in 2022. This study aimed to assess contributory factors of the low routine MR vaccination coverage and proffer recommendations to improve vaccination uptake.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was conducted in two districts (Bole and Central Gonja) of Savannah Region from December 2022 to June 2023. Caregivers of children 18–59 months were randomly selected and interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed to assess predictors of MR vaccination status.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Children of caregivers with inadequate knowledge of MR vaccination (AOR = 0.58, 95 %CI: 0.47–0.72), travelled more than five km to access health services (AOR = 0.48, 95 %CI: 0.39–0.59), described health workers attitude as poor (AOR = 0.44, 95 %CI: 0.26–0.74), and those who sought treatment for adverse events following immunization (AEFI) from the pharmacy (AOR = 0.65, 95 %CI: 0.51–0.84) were less likely to complete MR vaccination. On the contrary, children of female sex (AOR = 1.27, 95 %CI: 1.05–1.53), aged 24–59 month (AOR = 2.56, 95 %CI: 1.05–1.53), caregivers with primary or secondary education (AOR = 1.43, 95 %CI: 1.11–1.84; and AOR = 2.23, 95 %CI: 1.64–3.03 respectively), and those who did not experience rescheduling of vaccination sessions (AOR = 1.61, 95 % CI: 1.25–2.01) were more likely to complete routine MR vaccination schedule.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Inadequate caregiver knowledge, poor geographical access to health services, poor healthcare worker attitude, and non-institutional management of AEFI significantly contributed to the low MR vaccination uptake in the Savannah Region. Adopting tailored approaches to addressing these factors could improve vaccination coverage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100567"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142423929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social networks and COVID-19 vaccination intention in Dutch middle-aged and older adults in 2020: Insights into individual, interpersonal, community, and societal determinants – The SaNAE study","authors":"Lisanne C.J. Steijvers ,&nbsp;Céline J.A. van Bilsen ,&nbsp;Stephanie Wagner ,&nbsp;Sarah E. Stutterheim ,&nbsp;Rik Crutzen ,&nbsp;Robert A.C. Ruiter ,&nbsp;Christian J.P.A. Hoebe ,&nbsp;Nicole H.T.M. Dukers-Muijrers","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100562","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Social networks, our social relationships, influence the spread of infectious diseases and preventive behaviors such as vaccination. Here, we aimed to assess which individual, interpersonal (social network characteristics), community and societal factors are associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination intention during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, prior to vaccine availability.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study collected primary data from 5,001 community-dwelling adults aged 40 years and older in the Netherlands, using an online questionnaire from August and November 2020. COVID-19 vaccination intention was measured by assessing whether respondents were willing to receive a COVID-19 vaccination if the vaccines became available. Associations between individual (sociodemographic variables, health, health concerns), interpersonal (social network characteristics including structure, function, and quality), community (social and labor participation) and societal factors (degree of urbanization), and the outcome variables COVID-19 vaccination intention (yes vs no, yes vs unsure, unsure vs no) were assessed in stepwise multivariable logistic regression analyses. <em>p</em>-values &lt; 0.05 indicated statistical significance.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among participants (N = 3,396), 59 % reported a positive intention to vaccinate, 35 % were unsure, and 6 % had no intention. Men, individuals of older age, those with a college or university degree, those concerned about their personal and family health, and knowledge about protecting oneself from the virus were more likely to have the intention to vaccinate (versus no intention). Interpersonal factors associated included having a larger network size (social network structure) and a larger proportion of informational supporters (social network function). Living outside of urban areas, a societal factor, was associated with vaccination intention (versus no intention).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study identified key factors influencing COVID-19 vaccination intention. Health promotion efforts should address not only individual factors but also incorporate the social environment. Our findings highlight the importance of organizing social networks to mobilize social support for pandemic preparedness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100562"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142326580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persistence of hepatitis B surface antibody until 7 years of age following administration of hexavalent and pentavalent vaccines in children at 2, 4, 6, and 18 months","authors":"Nasamon Wanlapakorn ,&nbsp;Nasiri Sarawanangkoor ,&nbsp;Donchida Srimuan ,&nbsp;Thaksaporn Thatsanathorn ,&nbsp;Sirapa Klinfueng ,&nbsp;Yong Poovorawan","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100561","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100561","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thailand incorporated the hepatitis B (HepB) vaccine into the infant combination vaccine known as pentavalent wP-containing vaccines (DTwP-HB-Hib) and hexavalent aP-containing vaccines (DTaP-IPV-HB-Hib). We followed healthy children from the clinical trial (<span><span>ClinicalTrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> NCT02408926) in which children were randomly assigned to receive either pentavalent or hexavalent vaccines for their primary series (administered at 2, 4, and 6 months) and first booster vaccination (at 18 months), following the monovalent HepB vaccine at birth. Blood samples were collected to evaluate the persistence of hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) at 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 years of age. The results showed that at 7 years of age, a higher percentage of children in the hexavalent group maintained anti-HBs levels ≥ 10 mIU/mL compared to those in the pentavalent group (86.9 % vs. 59.7 %). This study showed good persistence of anti-HBs among hexavalent-vaccinated children 5.5 years after the last dose of the HepB vaccine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100561"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590136224001347/pdfft?md5=7c1cd77360360e23dcac2e57338715fb&pid=1-s2.0-S2590136224001347-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142313017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced production of recombinant coxsackievirus A16 using a serum-free HEK293A suspension culture system for bivalent enterovirus vaccine development","authors":"Yi-An Chen ,&nbsp;Yu-Sheng Shen ,&nbsp;Chih-Yeu Fang ,&nbsp;Ting-Ting Chan ,&nbsp;Shang-Rung Wu ,&nbsp;Jen-Ren Wang ,&nbsp;Suh-Chin Wu ,&nbsp;Chia-Chyi Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100559","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100559","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) is one of the primary pathogens that causes hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in young children. In previous studies, CVA16 vaccine development has encountered several challenges, such as inefficient replication of the CVA16 virus in present culture systems, the induction of only mild neutralizing antibody titers, and neutralizing antibodies induced by certain vaccine candidates that are unable to protect against CVA16 viral challenge. In this study, we constructed a DNA-launched CVA16 infectious clone (CVA16ic) based on the genomic sequence of the CVA16 N5079 strain to minimize interference from viral quasispecies. The biochemical properties of this CVA16ic strain were similar to those of its parental strain. Serum-free HEK293A suspension cells, which produced higher virus titers than Vero cells, were demonstrated to improve CVA16 production yields. In addition, our study showed that inactivated EV-A71 antigens could enhance the immunogenicity of inactivated CVA16 mature/full particles (F-particles), suggesting that a bivalent CVA16 and EV-A71 vaccine may be an effective strategy for CVA16 vaccine development. These findings are expected to provide novel strategies and accelerate the development of bivalent HFMD vaccines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100559"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590136224001323/pdfft?md5=a8fd1194384d52a6b833966539915481&pid=1-s2.0-S2590136224001323-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142312975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caregiver acceptance of human papillomavirus vaccine for their female children in Chileka, Blantyre, Malawi","authors":"Akim N. Bwanali ,&nbsp;Petro Liundi ,&nbsp;Adriano F. Lubanga ,&nbsp;Samuel L. Mpinganjira ,&nbsp;Luis A. Gadama","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100557","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100557","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Malawi is one of the countries enduring an enormous burden of cervical cancer. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination offers a feasible and effective tool for reducing the burden. Such a prospect however, is being impeded by low uptake rates of the HPV vaccine in the country. This study, therefore, sought to identify barriers to caregiver acceptance of the HPV vaccine for their female children in Chileka, Blantyre, Malawi and to establish the consequential willingness to vaccinate their children.</p></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><p>A cross-sectional study was conducted using qualitative methods. We conducted 6 Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with 4 groups of women and 2 groups of men in 4 villages located in a semi-urban area, Chileka, Blantyre. The guiding questionnaire was designed to draw out two main outcomes: barriers to caregiver acceptance of the HPV vaccine and willingness to vaccinate children. The data was analysed by thematic analysis by an inductive approach using NVivo software version 11.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Lack of knowledge on cervical cancer and HPV vaccination coupled with numerous misconceptions are the main barriers discouraging the population from accepting the HPV vaccine. Consequently, there was little desire to get their children vaccinated against HPV. Though responsibility to get the children vaccinated was mainly attributed to women, men argued that they need to have a final say in their children’s vaccination.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>In the wake of the revealed barriers and low acceptance of the HPV vaccine, it is imperative to organize effective and sustainable awareness programmes for the improvement of the HPV vaccine’s uptake.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100557"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S259013622400130X/pdfft?md5=2814f9717f2b88fcd8593a492a2db96a&pid=1-s2.0-S259013622400130X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142272099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination on the therapeutic schedule of infantile epileptic spasms syndrome: A 25-year Japanese single-center survey","authors":"Hikaru Kobayashi ,&nbsp;Hirofumi Inoue ,&nbsp;Takeshi Matsushige ,&nbsp;Madoka Hoshide ,&nbsp;Fumitaka Kohno ,&nbsp;Ippei Hidaka ,&nbsp;Shunji Hasegawa","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100558","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100558","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) therapy is effective for infantile epileptic spasms syndrome (IESS) but can induce immunosuppression. In Japan, Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination, modified in 2013 to reduce osteitis/osteomyelitis risk, coincides with the peak onset age of IESS. This raises concerns about infection risks when administering ACTH therapy post-vaccination. To evaluate the impact of BCG vaccination timing on treatment decisions, we retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 86 IESS patients at our hospital (1996–2020). Infants who received ACTH therapy within eight weeks of BCG vaccination experienced no serious adverse events. Four patients deferred or opted out of ACTH therapy, with seizure remission taking 2–15 weeks. The overlap between IESS onset and BCG vaccination period presents clinical challenges in determining the appropriate timing for ACTH therapy. Further epidemiological and immunological research is needed to clarify the relationship between ACTH therapy and BCG-associated adverse events and to optimize treatment strategies and vaccination schedules.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100558"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590136224001311/pdfft?md5=8600e016d83bced5f39e6f116a7bc6b7&pid=1-s2.0-S2590136224001311-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142272231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of inpatient and outpatient respiratory syncytial virus mortality in Gavi-eligible countries","authors":"Joukje E. Willemsen ,&nbsp;Femke S. Vernooij ,&nbsp;Farina L. Shaaban ,&nbsp;Chilufya Chikoti ,&nbsp;Louis J. Bont ,&nbsp;Julia Drylewicz ,&nbsp;the RSV GOLD study group","doi":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100554","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100554","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The current understanding of the RSV-related mortality age distribution in low- and lower-middle-income countries (LMICs) relies on a limited number of disease incidence studies reporting wide age bands, and lacking specificity to Gavi-eligible countries. Understanding the age distribution of RSV-related deaths is crucial for the implementation of RSV interventions in LMICs that rely on support from Gavi. This study aims to provide the age profile of RSV mortality specifically in Gavi-eligible countries.</p><p>Utilizing data from the RSV GOLD project, an ongoing global online mortality registry focusing on children under the age of 5 with laboratory-confirmed RSV infection, we employed two models (Complete Data Model and Prospective Data Model) to estimate the age profiles. To mitigate biases related to age group representation, we applied post-stratification weighting in our analysis.</p><p>We included 423 pediatric deaths, including 145 from the community, under 2 years of age from 15 Gavi-eligible countries. Both models identified a peak age at 1 month and found that the majority of RSV-related mortality cases (59–77 %) from Gavi-eligible countries occur before 6 months of life. However, the models exhibited disparities in other age-related metrics. We present fitted age-at-time-of-death probability distributions to aid impact and cost-effectiveness studies.</p><p>We expect that implementing infant RSV immunization strategies, such as maternal vaccination or infant immunoprophylaxis, will have high impact on RSV-related mortality in Gavi-eligible countries. The divergent results from the two models underscore the importance of carefully considering potential biases in retrospective and surveillance data when interpreting the age profile of RSV mortality cases in future research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":43021,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine: X","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100554"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S259013622400127X/pdfft?md5=850fa51577397dbda17e74955f743f72&pid=1-s2.0-S259013622400127X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142232615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}