Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information最新文献

{"title":"Complex of methodologies and laboratory equipment for determination of coke and slags properties in smelting zone of blast furnace","authors":"Mikhail Ivanovich Stukov, A. Chernavin, V. Kobelev, D. A. Chernavin, K. P. Ivashinenko","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2019-2-182-188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2019-2-182-188","url":null,"abstract":"Information about character of burden materials behavior inside a blast furnace at its different horizons enables to increase control efficiency of BF heat running. The elaborated complex of methodologies for carbon materials and iron ore raw materials properties study enables to simulate their behavior at the horizon of iron ore materials reducing, in the viscoplastic zone, at the horizon of iron ore raw materials smelting and its interaction with coke filling. A vertical electric resistance shaft furnace with a tube carbon heater was used as a base equipment for simulation of burden behavior in the reduction zone and smelting zone, as well as for simulation of iron ore burden melt outflow through coke filling. Burden materials preparation to the experiment concluded in crushing of iron ore component followed by 3–5 mm fraction extraction and a mixing it with 3–5 mm fraction of brown coal semi-coke in relation 2:1 for further heating-reduction treatment. The heating-reduction treatment of the mixture charged in the electric furnace simulates the reducing zone and is carried out by a slow heating of the iron ore component and reducing agent mixture from 20 up to 980–1020 ºС. The methodology of determination of lump carbon materials combustibility in the highly heated air blast flow was developed for the complex of equipment based on the shaft electric resistance furnace and aimed at testing of burning process of carbon samples of technological fuels. The combustibility was determined under conditions of burnt sample heating in the temperature range from 500 up to 1500 °C with an accuracy of ±10 °С. The temperature of air blast flow (21 % vol. of oxygen at natural moisture) was set in the range from 120 up to 1200 °С and was kept with an accuracy of ±12 °С. The burnt sample mass, volume of air blast and its velocity was correlated to obtaining of complex non-dimensional Re factor (Reinolds number) more than 100, that guaranteed a reliable process running in the combustion area with no risk of transferring to gasification process. Based on GOST 26517–85 (“Iron ores, sinter and pellets”) a methodology was elaborated for determining of parameters of iron ore materials status in the viscoplastic zone. The methodology comprises heating of preliminary reduced sample of a tested iron ore material in an inert gas and determination of softening temperature and smelting end by a hard rod sinking into the material layer under external pressure action. The temperature at which the layer shrinkage reaches level of 2% during heating, was taken as the softening temperature of the iron ore material. The sinking of the rod into the material by 80% was taken as the temperature of the beginning of the material melting. The interval softening-melting was determined as the difference between melting temperature and softening temperature (at sample shrinkage by 2 %).","PeriodicalId":429631,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131013814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of energy saving technology of coke dry quenching","authors":"R. R. Gilyazetdinov, K. V. Suvorov, I. Y. Sukhov, K. V. Slepov, O. Mikheeva, S. I. Malanicheva","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2019-1-21-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2019-1-21-25","url":null,"abstract":"Application of coke dry quenching technology provides saving of energy resources, decreasing of environment pollution and increase of metallurgical coke quality. Despite of advantages of coke dry quenching facilities, an additional quantity of circulating gas is generated because of quenching technology peculiarities. This additional circulating gas must be released out of the cooling agent circuit resulting in environment pollution. Existing and proposed methods of reduction of emissions into atmosphere of excess circulating gas considered. It was shown, that utilization of the excess circulating gas as a fuel is the most effective solution of the considered problem. The solution comprise stabilization and support of combustible components composition in the circulating gas at the level of approved indices, joining of excess gas flows out of the dry quenching facility chambers, it enrichment by some amount of high calorie gas (coke or natural) and supply to gas uses. This technical solution was first realized by ArcelorMittal at the coke plant of the steel-works after E. Zendzimir in Krakov, Poland. In 2017 at the EVRAZ NTMK coke plant a project of the dry coke quenching facility modification was realized, comprising utilization of excess circulating gas, which has a considerable technical difference comparing with ArcelorMittal project. According to technology flowsheet, the excess circulating gas is collected  out of operating chambers into a collector, cleaned of dust in a bag filter, chilled, enriched by a high calorie gas and delivered into the gas pipe of BF gas for further utilization as a fuel. To increase efficiency of the technology and to reduce the natural gas consumption for calorie content of enriched gas stabilization and supply it into the BF gas pipe line, the CO and H2 content in the circulating gas of the coke dry quenching facility is kept at the level of 12–15 and 4–5 % correspondently. Implementation of the technical modification of the coke dry quenching facility with elimination of harmful substances emissions within the excess circulating gas provided decrease of harmful substances emissions at JSC EVRAZ NTMK – 4 kg per ton of steel.","PeriodicalId":429631,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126594484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy efficient technology of hot metal smelting at PAO NLMK","authors":"S. Filatov, A. Dagman, V. Titov","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2019-1-32-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2019-1-32-36","url":null,"abstract":"Decrease of energy expenditure for hot metal smelting is an actual task in blast furnace technology perfection. Under conditions of PAO NLMK regimes with maximum forcing of the BF process at the expense of pressure increase under furnace mouth and coke hot strength increase were chosen as one of priority ways to increase the BF operation energy efficiency. Data on blast furnaces productivity, specific coke rate, quantity of blow-in oxygen and fuel at different gas pressure levels under the furnace mouth quoted. A dependence between pulverized coal rate and total carbon consumption determined. It was shown, that application in PAO NLMK blast furnaces of coke having hot strength of 60–65% at maximum possible pressure under the furnace mouth and application of pulverized-coal fuel enabled in the period from 2012 through 2018 to decrease the coke rate by more than 100 kg. Also the total carbon consumption decreased by more than 30 kg per hot metal ton and to increase smelting products chemical composition stability.","PeriodicalId":429631,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124711030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regularity reveal of joint sinter and pellets inflow from silo of chute type top charging device into the BF mouth space by physical simulation","authors":"A. S. Kharchenko","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2019-1-37-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2019-1-37-47","url":null,"abstract":"A uniform distribution of burden along blast furnace circumference is an important condition for its operation with high productivity and low coke specific rate. This condition is difficult to realize with bell-less charging device of chute type. To reveal rational regimes of burden components charging into the blast furnace mouth space providing most uniform inflow of the burden components by mass, a physical simulation was realized at a laboratory facility of compact bell-less charging device of chute type, manufactured in scale 1:5 relating the linear dimensions of the PAO MMK blast furnaces Nos 2, 4 and 6 charging devices. Succession the burden components charging was being changed by pellets and additional materials supply regimes into the cilo of the bell-less charging device. As a result of the simulation dependences of the burden rational distribution on the priority and uniformity of iron ore materials inflow from the burden cilo at pellets content in them from 10 till 90% were determined. The burden components rational charging regimes were revealed depending on the heat conditions. At blast furnace running with scull it is reasonable to charge the pellets into the lower part of the bell-less charging device cilo. This will provide their inflow into the nearwall area of the furnace mouth, that enables to eliminate the scull during the furnace running. At the pellets share of 50% of the burden iron ore part, by placing of them in the bell-less charging device cilo lower part and the chure moving from periphery to center, the peripherial zone of the furnace mouth will be formed from 82% of pellets and 18% of sinter. New regimes of iron ore materials elaborated, which enable to improve uniformity of their circumference distribution. The highest value of iron ore materials inflow mass uniformity index was registered at the following sequence of the burden components charging into the bell-less charging device cilo: 25% of sinter at the burden cilo bottom, next pellets and additional materials, next charging of the 75% left sinter. At the pellets content of 30–38% of iron ore raw materials, the distribution uniformity index value exceeded 0.75.","PeriodicalId":429631,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124954940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of dependence between microstructure and chemical composition of A32, D32, E32 grades steels at bending tests","authors":"L. Ryabicheva, R. E. Velikotskii","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2019-1-57-67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2019-1-57-67","url":null,"abstract":"Meeting the high requirements to the whole complex of mechanical characteristics is the main criteria of reliability and long service life of shipbuilding steels. To determine them it is necessary to apply modern methodologies of metal science analysis. Revelation of regularity of influence of alloying, carbon equivalent, microstructure and production technology on results of bending test of low-alloyed grades А32, D32, Е32 shipbuilding steels was the purpose of the study. Production of steel, rolling, thermal treatment, mechanical tests and metal science studies of the low-alloyed shipbuilding steels was made in Alchevsk steel-works. A quantity estimation of the D32 grade sheets microstructure was made as a result of studies, having both satisfactory and not satisfactory results of bending tests. It was determined, that stitch oxides have the most negative influence on the results of bending tests for both hot-rolled and normalized sheets. Sheets with not satisfactory results of bending tests differ from those, which passed the tests by higher value of streakiness points, particular of perlite, and in normalized condition – by higher value of Widmanstatten pattern. Sheets, which did not passed the tests, have yield strength by 5–25 MPa and tensile strength by 14–39 MPa higher, while the tensile strength was by 1.2–4.8% lower. For stable yield in bending tests within 98–100% it is necessary the tensile strength level to be not less than 30%. It is reasonably all the sheets of 10–20 mm thick out of heats with carbon equivalent higher 0.54% to subject compulsory normalization. Further increase of the sheets product yield can be achieved by decreasing of phosphor mass share and increasing of general steel purity, first of all, by decreasing of oxide inclusions","PeriodicalId":429631,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125902393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perfection of nature protection technologies and means for dust suppression of mining and metallurgical production tailings surfaces","authors":"V. Lyashenko, A. Gurin, A. V. Shevchenko, I. A. Lisovoi","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2018-12-15-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2018-12-15-26","url":null,"abstract":"Perfection of technologies and means of mining and metallurgical plants tailings dumps surfaces dust suppression is directed at improving of ecological safety and solves important scientific, practical and social tasks. Analysis of existing technologies of tailing dumps dust formation surfaces fixing made. Main results of perfection of biological reclaiming technologies – complex of ameliorative, agricultural and technical measures for soil fertility and economic value restoration quoted. Results of industrial approbation of developed technology at PAO “Yuzhny GOK” (Ukraine) tailing dumps presented. It was proposed to make the biological reclaiming of used Krivbass tailing dumps of iron ore mining and concentration plants by sowing of broom kohia seeds. Sowing of it at chernozem in April–May for conditions of Ukraine central part will enable to prevent the tailings dust blowing-off in 4–5 months thanks to its intensive growing. In 3–4 years the reclaimed land can be returned back for economic utilization. Methods of ambrosia control considered. It was recommended the land covered by ambrosia to sprinkle by natural bischofite solution (NBS) using the consumption at least 0.08 l per 1 kg of ambrosia biomass. The NBS has the IV-th class of danger and used in medicine as a medical mean, can be used for ambrosia control at the territories of cities, resorts, near roads, round fields etc. The NBS density should be at least 1250 kg/m2. With lower density, the consumption of the solution should be increased. Ambrosia leaves fading after treatment by NBS during dry weather will take place in 3 days, their drying up – at least in 7 days. Ambrosia growing and extension after drying up will not happen. Cost of ambrosia treatment by NBS at average density of covering 5 kg/m2, having solution price 960 grivna/ton will not exceed 40 grivna per 100 m2. It was shown, that implementation of developed technologies, means and methods of dust formation control at existing and conserved tailing dumps will enable to decrease the level of air pollution by dust, to improve the personal working conditions and ecological situation in arears of mining and metallurgical plants wastes stocking.","PeriodicalId":429631,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"214 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115063983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal cycle control at surface plasma treatment of high carbon steel","authors":"M. V. Il’ichev, A. Tyuftyaev, D. Yusupov","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2018-12-81-88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2018-12-81-88","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of crack strength and wear resistance of metal products increase becomes particular significance in relation to continuously increasing requirement to their reliability and long service time. Traditional methods of volume strengthening of structure elements mainly exhausted their capacity. At the same time their resource, for example, under high wear conditions, is determined mainly by the structure and working surface properties and can be increased by application of plasma surface strengthening of metal products. Plasma surface strengthening of metal products is a typical of a technology covering spheres of plasma physics, hydrodynamics, theory of heat exchange, metal science. Complication of its mathematical simulation and digital calculation is stipulated by extensiveness of processes taking place: from crystal lattice scale till plasma treatment facility scale. By this reason experimental approach to solving a series of particular problems, enabling for optimizing plasma treatment facilities and technological process in the whole is important and actual. Results of influence study of outlet channel configuration of plasma treatment facility and treatment regimes on the structure and properties of metal surface after plasma thermal treatment presented. Forms of flow transformer outlet channel of plasmatron determined, providing the samples obtained demonstrated the highest level of surface hardness and wear resistance, during dry friction tests and wear test by semi-fixed abrasive material. It was shown, that change of the plasma treatment facility outlet channel configuration enables to effectively control the technological parameters (plasmatron travelling speed, plasmatron power and plasma-forming gas consumption), as well as the thermal cycle, which provides forming of required surface properties of treated detail. A basis of the results obtained based on the analysis of strengthened layer metal structure presented. Abrasion tests by a semi-fixed abrasive material showed, that surface plasma treatment gives a considerable wear resistance growth – up to 3 times comparing with a non-strengthened metal.","PeriodicalId":429631,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134267780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elaboration of a methodology of quality complex estimation of hot-stamped elliptical bottoms","authors":"G. Orlov, Yu. D. Gorbunova","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2018-12-97-102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2018-12-97-102","url":null,"abstract":"Last years products quality is estimated often by complex indices by application quality control principles. Usage of them enables to estimate and compare product quality for different variants of technology processes by a unified scale more objectively. The authors presented an approach to estimation of products quality by application of complex indices relating to hotstamped elliptical bottoms. Results of analysis of GOST requirements for the products quoted, the analysis being aimed at determining of single indices. 17 single properties of the products chosen and normalized. With the purpose of single properties estimation by a unified scale, formulas proposed for quality indices normalizing in the interval (0...1) relating to dispersion of properties values allowed by GOST. At the final stage the quality estimation of selected bottoms was made by the complex index of the product quality, calculated by two variants: as an arithmetic average weighted and geometric average weighted of 17 values of single properties. The calculated complex indices estimated by the Harrington desirability scale. Definite indices values turned out to exceed 0.8, which corresponds to high quality, even exceeding to some extent the standards requirements. It was shown, that arithmetic average weighted and geometric average weighted values of complex indices have close values and in the whole this product has a high quality. The elaborated methodology enabled to estimate the quality of hot-stamped elliptical bottoms produced by JSC “Uralchimmash” and reveal reserves of its increase at the expense of improving technological regimes of bottoms treatment at all the stages.","PeriodicalId":429631,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132731199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of manganous limestone as a fluxing addition at pellets production","authors":"I. Belikov, G. Isaenko, G. A. Nechkin, V. Kobelev","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2018-12-27-32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2018-12-27-32","url":null,"abstract":"Usage of non-fluxed pellets in blast furnaces results in blocking of hearth coke filling, decreasing of blast furnaces productivity and increasing of coke rate. The wide range of plastic-viscous state and non-sufficient filterability of pellets slag portion through the coke filling are the main reasons of the consequences. Fluxed pellets have narrower interval of plastic-viscous state and better filterability of pellets slag portion through the coke filling. Their utilization enables to decrease the gas-dynamic resistance of blast furnace cohesion zone, to eliminate progressive hearth blocking, to intensify the hot metal production process and to increase its economic efficiency. In 70–80thof the previous century attempts were made to substitute the bentonite in burden at pellets production by hydrated lime and burnt lime, by marl, by nontronite clay, by red sludge and other additives, combining properties of the raw pellets strengthening and fluxing. But the methods listed were not implemented practically, in particular, because of difficulties in those two properties effective combining. Last years a new raw material appeared at the fluxes market – the manganous limestone. Manganese oxide, contained in it, decreases the sinter smelting temperature, calcium carbonate acts as a flux, while water and physical properties of the limestone improve the increase of the burden lump-forming capacity and sinter strength. The aim of the study was to check the manganous limestone influence on the production process and raw pellets strength, change of roasting parameters and strength of roasted pellets, as well as change of high-temperature properties of fluxed pellets made of Stojlensky GOK concentrates. The study were carried out in laboratory conditions by usage of Dash-Salakhlin bentonite and manganous limestone. The results of laboratory study of both raw and roasted pellets, obtained at utilization of manganous limestone as a fluxing additive to burden, showed, that their physical and mechanical properties are higher and metallurgical properties are higher, compared with non-fluxed pellets.","PeriodicalId":429631,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128139910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An alternative lining of steel ladles: technical and economic aspects","authors":"L. Akselrod, V. Garten","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2018-12-72-80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2018-12-72-80","url":null,"abstract":"Quality of steel ladles lining to a big extent determine the economic efficiency of steel-making operation. Direct costs on the refractory lining of them can reach 30–50 % of the costs of lining of a steel-making complex. Experience of utilization of refractory materials of different composition considered with the purpose of efficiency increase of refractory materials application in the steel ladles lining under conditions of steel ladle treatment. Considerable abilities shown to make the lining of steel ladle walls and bottom by both carbon-containing and carbon-free refractory materials taking into account the economic aspect. Lining base of steel-making facilities — BOFs, EAFs and steel ladles — is composed by periclase-carbon (MgO–C) refractories. However those refractories have a high heat conductivity, that effects on the heat operation of steel ladles. When using MgO–С materials, vertical fractures can appear in the ladle walls lining as its residual thickness becomes small. Under definite conditions a working lining chipping takes place, problems appear with lining destruction in the pieces angles with cavities formation at the pieces joining. To level the MgO–С drawbacks, periclase-alumo-carbon (MgO–Al2O3–С) and alumo-periclase-carbon (Al2O3–MgO–С) refractory products are used. Al2O3–MgO–C refractories are widely used in most erosion-intensive lining zone — in the combatting place of steel ladle bottom lining. In Russia monolithic lining of steel ladle bottom is successfully displacing the lining by piece products, including alumo-periclase-carbon ones. Such a replace enables to decrease specific refractory consumption and specific costs of them. At present the technology of concrete application to bottom is implemented for ladles of BOF- and steel-making shops. A technology of concrete ladle walls and bottom is intensively implemented for 120–180-ton ladles. The concrete lining of steel ladles has the following advantages: high withstandability against impregnation by metal-slag melt; absence of metal carbonization by the carbon from ladle lining; increase of running duration of safety lining layer by 2–2.5 times; absence of necessity to use nest blocks in both steel outlet unit and for bottom blow-off lance; absence of cracks in lining, wash-outs in seams, angles and edges of pieces; decrease of gaseous hydrocarbon emissions(phenol, formaldehyde, benzapilene) during lining drying, heating-up and operation (only slag belt remains, where pieces have organic binders); saving of materials, working time and manpower while making and maintain the lining; decrease of specific consumption and specific costs for lining per 1t of steel. For lining of steel ladles of big volumes (more 250 t) alumo-periclase (alumo-spinel) products are widely used in China, Europe and Japan. For such a lining the thermo-mechanical tension, arising in monolithic ladle lining, has a less importance, including at its replacing with metal by using crane. It is easier","PeriodicalId":429631,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131931564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}