Perfection of nature protection technologies and means for dust suppression of mining and metallurgical production tailings surfaces

Abstract

Perfection of technologies and means of mining and metallurgical plants tailings dumps surfaces dust suppression is directed at improving of ecological safety and solves important scientific, practical and social tasks. Analysis of existing technologies of tailing dumps dust formation surfaces fixing made. Main results of perfection of biological reclaiming technologies – complex of ameliorative, agricultural and technical measures for soil fertility and economic value restoration quoted. Results of industrial approbation of developed technology at PAO “Yuzhny GOK” (Ukraine) tailing dumps presented. It was proposed to make the biological reclaiming of used Krivbass tailing dumps of iron ore mining and concentration plants by sowing of broom kohia seeds. Sowing of it at chernozem in April–May for conditions of Ukraine central part will enable to prevent the tailings dust blowing-off in 4–5 months thanks to its intensive growing. In 3–4 years the reclaimed land can be returned back for economic utilization. Methods of ambrosia control considered. It was recommended the land covered by ambrosia to sprinkle by natural bischofite solution (NBS) using the consumption at least 0.08 l per 1 kg of ambrosia biomass. The NBS has the IV-th class of danger and used in medicine as a medical mean, can be used for ambrosia control at the territories of cities, resorts, near roads, round fields etc. The NBS density should be at least 1250 kg/m2. With lower density, the consumption of the solution should be increased. Ambrosia leaves fading after treatment by NBS during dry weather will take place in 3 days, their drying up – at least in 7 days. Ambrosia growing and extension after drying up will not happen. Cost of ambrosia treatment by NBS at average density of covering 5 kg/m2, having solution price 960 grivna/ton will not exceed 40 grivna per 100 m2. It was shown, that implementation of developed technologies, means and methods of dust formation control at existing and conserved tailing dumps will enable to decrease the level of air pollution by dust, to improve the personal working conditions and ecological situation in arears of mining and metallurgical plants wastes stocking.