Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information最新文献

{"title":"A concept of control of processes of vanadium, niobium and titanium carbonitrides forming by consecutive alloying","authors":"A. V. Akhmetov, G. D. Kusainova, S. N. Sharkaev, K. M. Muskenova, V. B. Basin, T. S. Sejsimbinov","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2018-9-48-57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2018-9-48-57","url":null,"abstract":"Base on laboratory and industrial experiments, as well as subsequent studies of the microstructure of steel samples alloyed with a certain sequence by vanadium, niobium, and titanium, a concept including compliance with the order of those microalloying elements introducing into steel developed and justified. According to the concept, the sequence of introduction is determined by the difference in the degree of their thermodynamic affinity to the nitrogen and carbon dissolved in the steel.Investigations of the microstructure of experimental microalloyed samples by an optical microscope, with a magnification x250, showed the most significant grain refinement with a consecutive additive – first vanadium with niobium and after 10 minutes of holding – titanium.The efficiency of the developed alloying method for the advanced formation of vanadium and niobium carbonitrides was evaluated by studies with the Mira3 Tescan electron scanning microscope having an X-ray energy dispersive microanalysis system X-Act (Oxford Instruments). When studying the compositions and the form of carbonitrides discovered in steel samples alloyed with a different sequence of additives, it was established, that during simultaneous additive of titanium, vanadium and niobium into steel, titanium carbonitrides account for a majority, while vanadium and niobium carbonitrides are not actually formed or are represented by single inclusions. Conversely, in steel samples alloyed with a consecutive additive to steel, first vanadium with niobium and later titanium, carbonitride of vanadium and niobium inclusions prevail. In this case, titanium carbonitrides are represented only by single and fine inclusions. Thus, first introducing of vanadium and niobium, allows them to react fully with stoichiometrically insufficient concentrations of nitrogen and carbon, ahead of the formation of titanium nitrides.Based on the results of the research in JSC “ArcelorMittal Temirtau”, using the developed concept of consecutive alloying by carbonitride-forming elements, the technology of 09G2FB grade steel production with a ferrite-bainite structure developed and implemented, fully meeting API Spec 5L requirements for steel of strength category X80.","PeriodicalId":429631,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128389722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of scull and lining in the hearth of blast furnace No. 2 of JSC EVRAZ ZSMK (Report 2)","authors":"A. M. Коverzin, V. G. Schipizyn, A. Vaschenko, A. S. Bliznyukov, M. R. Sadradinov, А. R. Makavetskas, Yu. A. Fischenko","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2018-9-9-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2018-9-9-24","url":null,"abstract":"Results of study of scull and lining composition from the hearth of blast furnace No. 2 of JSC EVRAZ ZSMK after stop for capital overhaul quoted. It was determined, that due to microprobe chemical analysis data, considerable quantity different minerals and metals can be discovered in the scull and in the lining. But chemical analysis of averaged samples and their X-ray structure analysis allows to state, that the scull is formed during crystallization of heat products – cast iron and slag. Therefore the scull base is the following:– metal, in the content of which α-Fe prevails with iron carbides (Fe3C) inclusions, complicated carbides of variable composition (FeхSiyCz), iron and graphite sulfides and phosphides, as a rule, of laminar structure;– graphite in the form of separate phase;– slag components, melilite and anorthite being the base of them (minerals, formed during crystallization of slag of blast furnace heat).At the level of hot metal tap hole and higher the scull and lining are saturated by alkaline metals accompanied by forming leucite, caliofilite, calcilite, zinc (zinc oxide, ganit, willemite in samples), sulphur with forming of sulphides, phosphor (iron phosphides in metal, apatite in slag). Lower the level of tap hole the number of slag inclusions in the scull is not considerable, zinc and alkaline metals were not discovered.In all the samples content of silicon, silicon carbide, carbides, nitrides, titanium carbonitrides in total does not reach level of 5%.","PeriodicalId":429631,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126618702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the mechanism of structural state alteration in the strain ageing process and its influence on properties of bainitis type pipe steel","authors":"A. R. Mishet’yan, I. Shabalov, О. N. Chevskaya, G. Filippov","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2018-9-77-92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2018-9-77-92","url":null,"abstract":"A pipeline is refered to metal structures of increased danger. To provide a high operational safety of pipe lines it is common to follow requirements to steels by level of strength, ductility, impact strength, cold resistance, fracture strength, weldability, corrosion resistance and other properties, forming of which is influenced by a complex of different factors (both technological and operational).At present structural low carbon low alloyed steels with increased level of properties, completely meeting all complex of presented requirements are used for production of sheet rolled products for pipes. However, during longtime operation of a pipeline, properties degradation demonstration is possible, that can result in decreasing of safety and originating of a structure destroying probability. A passing of strain ageing can be one of the reasons, responsible for state alteration of longtime operation pipes metal, resulted in increasing of yield strength to ultimate strength (σ0,2/σв) relation, decreasing of impact strength and cold resistance.Results of study of strain ageing influence on complex of properties and structural state of sheet rolled product of X80 strength class presented, the product being widely used for pipes production. It was shown, that in the process of the strain ageing, apart from decreasing of complex of standard properties, an increase of relaxation effect takes place. It speaks for an increased level of local strains, arising at loading and deformation as a result of fixing of dislocations by interstitial atoms. Concentration of the atoms is increasing in the process of preliminary deformation, which is confirmed by Snuk peak arising during measuring of internal friction.Study of structural state by different methods enabled to formulate peculiarities of strain deformation mechanism, typical for a steel with a structure of low carbon bainite type (bainite ferrite) with austenite insertions. Alteration of properties during strain ageing of bainite steel is linked with simultaneous arising of two processes in structure at different scale levels, having contrary influence on resistance to deformation. Increase of yield strength as a result of strengthening takes place because of fixing of dislocations by interstitial atoms. At the same time the weakening is caused by disappearing of M/A phase islands, which is strengthening the metal at the initials state, as a result of TRIP-effect during preliminary deformation and martensite disintegration during the following heating.","PeriodicalId":429631,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127489908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of physical and chemical properties of iron oxides-containing man-caused raw materials sinter production","authors":"A. Е. Аnikin, G. Galevsky, V. Rudneva","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2018-9-107-112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2018-9-107-112","url":null,"abstract":"Results of studies of physical and chemical properties of rolling scale and dewatered sludge from gas-cleaning system of BOF plant quoted, carried out for estimation of technological advisability of application them in metallization processes. The studies carried out by application of standard methodics of determination of chemical, phase, grain-sized contents and density of fine and powder materials. It was determined, that content of total iron, FeO and Fe2O3oxides, Sulphur and Phosphor in the scale makes figures 73.3, 75.5, 20.9, 0.036 and 0.019 % correspondently, in the sludge – 41.2, 4.7, 53.7, 0.21 and 0.15 % correspondently. The sludge contains also up to 20.9% of CAO and 4.3% of total carbon. Grain-size contents of the scale and the sludge are considerably different: content of size grade +1.0 mm and –0.016 mm is in the scale 63.3% and 0%, in the sludge – 14.8 and 44.5 % correspondently. Real density of the scale is 4.6–4.9 g/sm3. The results obtained confirm a technological advisability of application of fine-grained scale and powdered sludge in metallization processes, including their preliminary briquetting comprising carbonic reduction agent.","PeriodicalId":429631,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131821723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the process of siderite ore thermal treatment in a shaft furnace","authors":"B. Yur'ev, V. A. Gol'tsev, V. Dudko","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2018-8-36-42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2018-8-36-42","url":null,"abstract":"Results of a study of kinetics of siderite ore roasting process in flows of air, helium and hydrogen presented. The study was carried out at mass measuring device with continuous registration of mass changing. An expression received for determining of apparent decarburization degree and its dependence determined on a piece dimension, thermal treatment duration and gas phase content. Using a generalized chemical kinetics equation, a formula received for determining of decomposition time of siderite ore specimens. Increase of decarburization pace at temperature rise determined for specimens of all dimensions independent on the atmosphere content and mechanism of decarburization process at low temperatures considered. A possibility shown to describe the process of thermal dissociation of siderite ore by a kinetic equation of first order and an expression obtained for determining of this process duration depending on different parameters. By application of generalized chemical kinetics equation a formula obtained, which was used to check the expression, describing the test data.  Kinetic of roasted ore specimens reduction studied at different temperatures and specimens dimensions.The results obtained in this work were used for optimization of structural and mode parameters of siderite ore roasting process in shaft furnaces. They will be applicable at designing of a shaft furnace, comprising decarburization zone, reduction zone (metallization zone) and cooling zone of the metalized product, that will enable to increase the iron content in the final product till 65–70%.","PeriodicalId":429631,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"496 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123066068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rehabilitation of the man-caused disturbed territories of sinter production","authors":"A. S. Vodoleev, О. S. Andreeva, М. Zakharova, E. Е. Таrgaeva","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2018-8-82-98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2018-8-82-98","url":null,"abstract":"Search for economical and available technologies, enabling to recreate the fertile layer at the dump surface of disturbed lands and involving the reclamated territories into the economic turnover is an actual task at the present. Reclamation is a base of lands rehabilitation. Reclamation includes a set of measures aimed at forming on the surface of industrial dumps a favorable root-inhabited layer by various ways with subsequent use of this area. Conservation is the fixation of the surface of the dumps by mechanical means or by gardening the surface of the dumps with a preliminary application of a minimum layer of soil, peat, mineral fertilizers, growth substances, unconventional soil improvers – sewage sludge (WWS). As a result of the work carried out on the surface of the iron ore enrichment waste of the enrichment of the Abagur agglomeration factory, techno-earth (technozems) were formed – artificial soils with a root-inhabited layer consisting of a mixture of WWS and tailing material. Reclamated areas have been created at iron ore beneficiation waste, which ensure erosion stability of the tailing dump surface and conservation of enrichment wastes. The chemical and agrochemical parameters of the technozems during two years of their development have changed. Some alkalinization of the medium and a sharp decrease in the amount of organic matter and all forms of nitrogen in the substrate of the root layer observed. Reclamated areas with the restored natural properties can be included in an ecological framework of the city and are used in the recreational purposes as one of the directions of rehabilitation of lands.","PeriodicalId":429631,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134474869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a new technology of welding of high speed movement rails","authors":"N. Kozyrev, R. Shevchenko, R. Kryukov, A. A. Usol’tsev","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2018-8-50-57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2018-8-50-57","url":null,"abstract":"Results of the study of welding modes influence following isothermal exposure of rail steel samples, made by admission of alternative current pulses after the welding quoted. The welding of the samples was made under laboratory conditions using the modernized machine for contact joint welding МС-2008М.Based on laboratory study data a method of contact joint welding, protected by a RF patent, was developed, enabling to obtain a welding connection of parts made of rail steel with uniform hardness distribution and small zone of thermal influence, meeting the elaborated by JSC EVRAZ ZSMK technical specifications for perspective welded joint connection of R65 rails of DT350 category. The proposed method enables to control the structure of welded rails connection without additional local thermal treatment.","PeriodicalId":429631,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129875643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calibration of ball-rolling rollers with continuously variable pitch","authors":"V. Rubtsov, O. Shevchenko","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2018-8-58-63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2018-8-58-63","url":null,"abstract":"Presented is the state of ball rolling production, review of existing techniques for roll pass design ball-rolling today development. Possibilities of roll pass design with regard to the existing metal cutting equipment and variation of pitch parameters.  The priority is set for the use of rolling rolls with a continuously varying pitch, in comparison with rolls with discretely varying pitch. Possibility of using 5-axis milling equipment for obtaining a given profile, with several variable values, is shown. Model is developed for calculating the roll pass design for rolls with a continuously varying pitch, the save constant amounts of metall of workpiece between the rolls in every moments. Pitch change functions for roll pass design of ball rolling with a constant and variable flange width are derived, using which it is possible to determine the theoretical pitch at any rolls rotation angle. Technique for constructing a 3-D model is developed, based use on obtained curve of the 2nd order, which is the basis helical surface with a continuously varying pitch. Production of profile on a 5-axis machining center, according to the the 3D models suggest. Roll pass design was used ob the experience practical, with production example ball with a diameter of 120 mm, which were calculated from the deduced function for rolls with a constant width of the flange. He was tested in the conditions of the newly introduced ball-rolling mill of JSC \"EVRAZ-NTMK\". After introduction of a new roll pass design, were resived technical results: the reduction in force rolling, in contrast at use operating rolls with discretely varying pitch, by 25–30%, obtaining ball sizes that are as close to nominal values GOST standard, decreased of defects, uniformity forge along entire length of the rolls forming-part obtaining.The analytical solutions presented in this article, in combination with industrial approbation, make it possible to use a new method roll pass design rolls of a ball rolling mill with a continuously changing pitch for educational and production purposes.","PeriodicalId":429631,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132420325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computer simulation for prediction of structures and properties of finished rolled products (analytical review of literature)","authors":"B. Matveev","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2018-8-64-75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2018-8-64-75","url":null,"abstract":"Actuality of the computer simulation is stipulated for necessity to provide metal stuff production not only within hard dimensional tolerances, but also having beforehand prescribed properties, determined by structure characteristics at observance restrictions on cost price. Mathematic simulation enables to determine accurately enough microstructure and mechanical properties under changing values of temperature and deformation pace and considerably reduce the volume of mechanical tests during certification and supply the products to the customer in 1–2 days after the rolling. In the end a reduction of costs of the steel stuff production is provided at the expense of the computer simulation application.An analytical review of publications on mathematical simulation of hot rolling processes quoted aiming at prediction of final microstructure and mechanical properties of steel rolled products. Using particular examples a possibility of application of models in industrial conditions shown, useful for accelerating of certifications processes and of supplying of products to customers.","PeriodicalId":429631,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115876062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of scull and lining in the hearth of blast furnace No. 2 of JSC EVRAZ ZSMK (Report 1)","authors":"A. M. Koverzin, V. G. Schipizyn, A. Vaschenko, A. S. Bliznyukov, M. R. Sadradinov, A. R. Makavetskas, Yu. A. Fischenko","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2018-8-17-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2018-8-17-29","url":null,"abstract":"Results of study of lining and scull of the hearth of blast furnace No. 2 of JSC EVEAZ ZSMK presented, done after BF stop for major overhaul. It was determined, that the scull has a zonal structure, due to different conditions of the forming of it during the furnace running and blowing-down. The scull consists of isolations of graphite, metal and slag inclusions having distinctly lamellar structure. Number of slag inclusions in the scull of the hearth walls lower the hot metal tap hole is not big and sharply arises in samples at levels above the tap hole. In metal structure within the scull ferrite (a-Fe) prevails, also there are some lamellar graphite isolations and perlite. Quantity and thickness of metal isolations in the samples increases from the scull periphery to the center of blast furnace (from 20–30% and tens of microns to 70–90% (mass) and 30–50 microns correspondently) and decreases from the lower part of the hearth wall to the upper one. Titanium nitride (osbornite) TiN and titanium oxide (rutile) TiO2, sulfides of calcium, iron, manganese, silicon carbide SiC present in the scull in a small quantity (less 2%). In samples taken higher the hot metal tap hole, in the scull slag isolations there are a considerable amount of alkali metals oxides and sulfides, and phosphide and iron sulfides were exhibited in the metal phase. It speaks about considerable evaporation/sublimation of compositions of potassium, sodium, Sulphur and phosphorus in the blast furnace hearth following by their condensation/crystallization at the cooled lining of hearth walls.","PeriodicalId":429631,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133612013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}