{"title":"Influence of the method of inputing a cobalt-containing emitter on the depth of the diffusion layer of chrome","authors":"N. Shaburova","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2023-10-827-836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2023-10-827-836","url":null,"abstract":"The results of thermal diffusion chromium plating of samples of steel 35CrNi2-3 in technological back filling containing oxide-emitters of oxygen anions in the separating part, which create a thermionic field during heating, are presented. In one variant of saturation, powder of metallic cobalt was added to the metal part, in the second case, to accelerate diffusion processes, a cumulative lattice made of cobalt sheet was installed near the saturating surface. The saturation was carried out at a temperature of 1000 °C for 24 hours. The elemental composition of the diffusion layer was monitored using a JEOL JSM-6460LV universal scanning (scanning) electron microscope. The microhardness of the coatings was measured using an FM-800 microhardness tester. Microstructural analysis was carried out on an opti-cal microscope Axio Observer D1.m. It has been established that the presence of cobalt both in the form of a powder and in the form of a cumulative lattice contributes to the acceleration of the diffusion of chromium by 1.2–1.5 times compared with saturation without the addition of cobalt. The results obtained are experimental confirmation of the hypothesis about the mechanism of acceleration of chromium diffusion during thermal diffusion chromium plating by a thermionic flux of charged particles. The phase composition of the saturated surfaces consists of a solid solution of Cr–Fe, carbide ((Cr,Fe)7C3) and nitride ((Cr,Fe)2N and CrN) phases. Cobalt, being a non-carbide-forming element, is present in insignificant amounts in the Cr–Fe solution and does not form separate phases. It has been established that the oxide and metal components of the mixture upon heating have a complex nature of interaction, which determines the gas formation of the saturated surface and requires investigation by thermodynamic modeling methods.","PeriodicalId":429631,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"17 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139252142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Isaenko, E. A. Andreeva, E. A. Putilin, Yu. Yu. Fishchenko, A. R. Makavetskas
{"title":"Influence of the material composition of the original ore on the quality of the iron ore concentrate.","authors":"G. Isaenko, E. A. Andreeva, E. A. Putilin, Yu. Yu. Fishchenko, A. R. Makavetskas","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2023-1-63-70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2023-1-63-70","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, improvement of blast-furnace process efficiency is largely associated with an increase in the iron content in iron ore concentrates – the feedstock for agglomeration. The study of the material composition of ores, their features makes it possible to adjust the scheme of preparation of raw materials and determine the optimal content of iron in the concentrate for further processing. When studying the material composition, it was found that the sample of iron ore is represented by ferruginous quartzites of the silicate-magnetite type in combination with magnetite. In the original ore sample, magnetite dominates among ore minerals, and quartz and amphiboles dominate among rock-forming minerals. The coarseness and shape of the isolation of magnetite in all varieties of rocks are generally favorable for enrichment; the mineral is characterized by clear rectilinear and slightly sinuous contours, which contributes to its selective isolation. It should be noted that the magnetite content remains constant as the coarseness of the sample material decreases. Automated mineralogical analysis established that 87.36% of iron is associated with magnetite (with fluctuations in size classes from 86.23 to 91.37%); the rest of the iron is associated with rock-forming minerals. The theoretical content of magnetite in iron ore concentrate, achievable by enriching the original ore of the studied sample, according to automated mineralogical analysis, will be 95.83%, which, in turn, will provide the maximum possible iron content in magnetite concentrate of 68.57%. The existing technology of mining and enrich-ment using 4 types of ores from the Stoilenskoye deposit, with a planned increase in iron to 70%, will result to fluctua-tions of this component in the concentrate from 68.0 to 70.0%.","PeriodicalId":429631,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139311277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigation of thermal processes in out-of-furnace treatment of steel with the help of mathematical modeling.","authors":"Z. Kabakov, M. A. Mashchenko","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2023-9-745-754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2023-9-745-754","url":null,"abstract":"The main method of metal finishing in terms of chemical composition and temperature in modern converter production is out-of-furnace treatment of steel. The duration of stay of metal in the ladle increased several times, which led to an increase in heat losses from the metal, in particular, when blowing metal with inert gas, as well as during transportation of the ladle with metal. While the temperature of steel in the ladle decreased. Therefore, to ensure the required temperature at the next technological operation it is necessary to heat the metal, which will lead to an increase in average process duration and as well as to an increase in energy consumption for steel production. To study the regu-larities of thermal processes in ladles, a two-dimensional mathematical model has been developed that differs from the known ones: using a systematic approach in formalizing the physical description, taking into account heat transfer in slag, taking into account the slag solidification process, taking into account the heat transfer between slag and the ladle lid. It is known that the lid is used for metal casting, while during neutral gas blowing and ladle transportation the lid is used very rarely. Regularities of metal cooling in the steel ladle depending on the application of the ladle lid were estab-lished. A comparative analysis of the results of research on the application of the lid during metal curing in the ladle during out-of-furnace processing of steel has been carried out. The analysis and evaluation of changes in the metal cooling rate and absolutevalues of metal heat loss have been carried out. The study showed that the transportation of the ladle from out-of-furnace processing facilities to the casting stand covered with a lid, will reduce all the heat loss from the metal by more than 2 times. The results obtained can be used to predict the reduction of metal temperature and minimize heat losses during out-of-furnace treatment of metal in the steel ladle.","PeriodicalId":429631,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139310256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Gafarov, K. Okishev, K. P. Pavlova, E. A. Gafarova
{"title":"Modeling of diagrams of hardenability of steels with using machine learning methods.","authors":"M. Gafarov, K. Okishev, K. P. Pavlova, E. A. Gafarova","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2023-9-761-770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2023-9-761-770","url":null,"abstract":"One of the production’s main stages of pipes from low-carbon and medium-carbon steel grades is heat treatment. During the hardening process, the structure of the metal changes and, as a result, the mechanical properties change. Comparing various indicators, for example, hardness, strength, plasticity, etc., it is possible to judge how successful the heat treatment regimes have been selected. Therefore, it is important to pre-establish optimal conditions in order to obtain a metal with the necessary mechanical properties. Standard approximations that allow predicting the values of mechanical properties are usually not adaptive for use in different production conditions due to the fact that in most cases they are either inaccurate or tied to a specific production unit and, as a result, are not suitable for use in other (different) conditions. The purpose of this work is to construct steel hardenability diagrams using modern machine learning methods. The choice for the study is a complex of aggregated experimental data, which includes diagrams of the decomposition of super cooled austenite, tabular values and other types of data obtained from various sources. This article describes in detail the stage of preliminary data processing, model construction and validation. Special emphasis is placed on the process of processing the initial data for modeling and comparing the fundamental features of the model with the experimental ones. The analysis of the significance of signs with real physical prerequisites is carried out in a complex. In addition, the simulation results are compared with real cal inability diagrams","PeriodicalId":429631,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139310406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. E. Alekseev, M. I. Maiorov, O. O. Siverin, D. Y. Bakhmanov, A. V. Kutergin, E. A. Yakun’kov
{"title":"Automated systems for monitoring the consumption of metal charge at factories by conversion metallurgy","authors":"E. E. Alekseev, M. I. Maiorov, O. O. Siverin, D. Y. Bakhmanov, A. V. Kutergin, E. A. Yakun’kov","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2023-9-725-735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2023-9-725-735","url":null,"abstract":"The domestic factories engaged in conversion metallurgy use scrap as the main raw material for steel production (at least 70 % of the total charge). In difficult economic and geopolitical situation factories are cautiously considering the possibility of introducing new technologies that require high capital expenditures and modification of existing units. In this article automated control systems are proposed that help reduce the consumption of metal charge and energy resources during steel smelting: an electromagnetic scanner with an automatic control system that determines the presence of concentrations of non-magnetic substances in scrap at each point of the wagon or trailer of the road train and the bulk density of scrap; a neural network system for temperature control in electric furnaces and out-of-furnace processing (installation ladle-furnace and units for vacuuming). These systems will allow enterprises of conversion metallurgy (on the example of Pervouralsk Novotrubny Plant): to improve the quality of scrap metal by tightening the requirements for the quality of raw materials of scrap suppliers according to the interstate standard for secondary fer-rous metals; to increase the productivity of the electric furnace by reducing the time under current by 3 minutes, and to reduce the consumption of metal charge by 4.66%, electricity by 500 kWh for 1 melting cycle, the release temperature by 10 ℃ to reduce vacuuming time for 2 minutes. The proposed automated control systems require insignificant capital costs for installation and commissioning, and do not require the shutdown of existing production.","PeriodicalId":429631,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139310469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. A. Babenko, R. R. Shartdinov, D. A. Lobanov, A. N. Smetannikov, A. G. Upolovnikova
{"title":"Physicochemical properties of the СаО–SiO2–B2O3–2 % Cr2O3–3 % Аl2O3–8 % МgO slag system.","authors":"A. A. Babenko, R. R. Shartdinov, D. A. Lobanov, A. N. Smetannikov, A. G. Upolovnikova","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2023-9-736-744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2023-9-736-744","url":null,"abstract":"Using the simplex lattice method of experiment planning lattices, the physicochemical properties of slags of the СаО–SiO2–B2O3–2 % Cr2O3–3 % Аl2O3–8 % МgO oxide system are studied in a wide range of chemical composition (CaO/SiO2 = 1.0–2.5; 0–6 % B2O3), i. e. viscosity, crystallization onset temperature, equilibrium distribution of sulfur between slag and metal. Mathematical models of slag properties dependence on its composition are constructed in the form of a reduced polynomial of the third degree. The results of mathematical modeling of the sulfur removal reaction and experimental studies of the viscosity of slags and their crystallization onset temperatures are presented graphically in the form of “composition–property” diagrams. It’s found that the addition of up to 6% boron oxide significantly liquefies slags and reduces the temperature of the onset of crystallization, while maintaining the possibility of deep desulphurization of the metal. For effective metal processing, the composition range of slags with a basicity of 2.0–2.5 and a content of 4.0–6.0 % boron oxide is optimal. These slags have high liquid mobility (viscosity of the formed slags does not exceed 0.3 Pa•s) and provide the sulfur content in the metal not more than 0.003–0.004 %. The slags of this area are homogeneous, since their crystallization onset temperature doesn’t exceed 1500 °C. Experimental studies of metal desulfurization under the basic slags of the studied local simplex confirmed the data characterizing the influence of the boron oxide content and the basicity of the formed slags on their viscosity and its role in the efficiency of the desulfurization process.","PeriodicalId":429631,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139310498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigation of defect formation in the form of longitudinal folds at the ends of semi-finished pipes during rolling on an automatic TPA mill","authors":"N. I. Sherbutaev","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2023-9-755-760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2023-9-755-760","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents an elimination method aimed at addressing the defects in the form of longitudinal folds at the ends of semi-finished pipes during rolling on automatic mills of a pipe rolling plant (TPA). Currently, this issue is relevant, as it significantly affects the quality of the pipes produced. The developed solution is based on the implementation of a special design that prevents the occurrence of longitudinal folds at the ends of semi-finished pipes. Experimental studies have been conducted to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed technical solution. The obtained results demonstrate a significant reduction in the number of defective pipes and an increase in the overall volume of high-quality production. The developed technical solution represents a significant contribution to the improvement of pipe rolling technology on automatic TPA mills and can be applied in production conditions to enhance outcomes and resource efficiency","PeriodicalId":429631,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139311197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yu. A. Frolov, V. E. Kotyshev, E. N. Baranov, E. A. Kazantsev, D. M. Chukin
{"title":"Improvement of technology and technique for the production of sinter at the SP EVRAZ KGOK. Report 1. Loading and ignition of the mix.","authors":"Yu. A. Frolov, V. E. Kotyshev, E. N. Baranov, E. A. Kazantsev, D. M. Chukin","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2023-8-636-648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2023-8-636-648","url":null,"abstract":"A brief literature review of theoretical and applied works on charging and ignition of sinter mix has been made. The review considers experimental data on the influence of the distribution of the particle size of the mix and the fuel content over the height and width of the bed, and its bulk density on the consumption of solid fuel, height and gas permeability, on the productivity of sinter machines and sinter strength. The problems of sinter mix ignition, the influ-ence of throttling of the first vacuum chambers of sinter machines on the quality of sinter and gas consumption for ignition are discussed. The results of industrial studies of mix loading and ignition modes on EVRAZ KGOK sinter ma-chines are presented, which provide an increase in the bed height, an increase in the cold strength of the sinter, and a decrease in natural gas consumption for mix ignition. As a result of increasing the rotational speed of the drum feeder, the discrete descent of the mix from the mix flow stabilizer was eliminated. It has been established that due to the ex-pansion of the sinter pallets and the negative slope of their sides, there is no need to form a mix bed profile variable in height and width. The operation of sinter machines with and without separation of the loading chute from the bed has been studied. The presence of critical fluctuations of the grain size composition of the mix and the content of fuel car-bon in it along the width and height of the bed for both options of operation, due to the mode of operation of the shuttle mix distributor and fluctuations the height of the bed in the intermediate hopper, has been established. The important role of the design and mass of the mix smoother has been experimentally confirmed. The design of the throttling device of the vacuum chambers legs with manual change of the free section only as it wears out has been developed and implemented. The rational free section of the legs of the vacuum chambers is determined, which provides a minimum suction (1–2 Pa) in the chamber of the ignition hearth, and equal to 10–12%. As a result of the introduction of new technical solutions, an increase in the cold strength of the sinter by 1.09%, a decrease in natural gas consumption by 29%, and an increase in the height of the sintered charge layer up to 30 mm were achieved without reducing the productivity of sinter machines","PeriodicalId":429631,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139336432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. I. Minin, D. A. Koshkarov, A. A. Forshev, K. V. Mironov, L. Gileva, M. Polovets, S. Zagainov
{"title":"Analysis of the possibility of replacing carbon with hydrogen in the conditions of smelting cast iron from vanadium-containing titanomagnetites","authors":"S. I. Minin, D. A. Koshkarov, A. A. Forshev, K. V. Mironov, L. Gileva, M. Polovets, S. Zagainov","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2023-8-629-635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2023-8-629-635","url":null,"abstract":"75 % of the total carbon dioxide emissions by ferrous metallurgy enterprises is generated in the blast furnace process. One of the directions of CO2 emission reduction in pig iron production is partial replacement of carbon monoxide with hydrogen as a reducing agent. It is shown that such a replacement can lead to a decrease in the total carbon consumption due to reduction of heat consumption for the direct reduction of iron oxides. Using a mathematical model of the blast furnace process, the efficiency of partial replacement of process fuel (coke, natural gas, pulverized coal) with a hydrogen additive was evaluated. Calculations were performed for the operating conditions of blast furnaces of EVRAZ NTMK JSC, which melt vanadium-containing titanomagnetites. The coefficients of process fuel replacement with hydrogen and the coefficients of the influence of the replacement of process fuel with hydrogen on the change in CO2 emissions are calculated. The dependence of the change in the productivity of the furnace on the consumption of hydrogen at a constant minute flow rate of the blast and its adjustment to maintain the pressure drop has been established. It is shown that in the absence of gas dynamics reserves, the replacement of process fuel with hydrogen will be accompanied by a decrease in furnace productivity. The smelting of pig iron from titanomagnetites with the replacement of technological fuel with hydrogen will complicate the refining of melting products due to an increase in the formation of titanium carbides and carbonitrides. The reduction in CO2 formation at hydrogen entering the blast furnace with natural gas is 0.35 kg/m3 compared to pure hydrogen replacement of 0.73 kg/m3, not taking into account CO2 emission during hydrogen production","PeriodicalId":429631,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"56 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139336137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The concept of a complex digital twin of a furnace for metal heat processing","authors":"A. Biryukov","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2023-8-649-656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2023-8-649-656","url":null,"abstract":"A number of mathematical models, digital twins and diagnostic systems are considered, which are used for individual processes and elements of flame furnaces. An idea was put forward about the expediency of creating a complex digital twin, which simultaneously takes into account the main processes in metal heat processing (heating for rolling or heat treatment) in a flame furnace. A conceptual definition of the structure and interconnection of the elements of a complex digital twin of a furnace for metal heat processing is carried out. It is substantiated that the data to ensure the operation of the digital twin are divided into two groups: constantly or periodically measured values and data that are unchanged. The minimum set of quantities, the measurement of which is necessary for the operation of the proposed complex digital twin of the furnace, is determined. A list of objective data about the unit and the technological process, which are unchanged over a long period of operation, is also compiled. At the same time, a scheme for organization the interaction of special computing units has been developed, which allows to achieve high accuracy in solving the traditional problem of mathematical modeling of metal heat processing ‒ determining the metal temperature field. To achieve this result, computing units are used to identify the parameters of all processes that affect the solution of the problem: the value of air suction into the furnace chamber and along the smoke path, the value of the recovery coeffi-cient, the oxygen consumption for the oxidation of the metal surface, the average heat flux density absorbed by the metal surface. Special blocks are also provided for diagnosing the state of the heat exchanger, fan, smoke path, chimney and elements of the mechanical equipment of the furnace. Ultimately, top-level blocks are provided that allow, based on the processing of information from all the basic blocks of the complex digital twin, to analyze the energy efficiency of the furnace unit, obtain the technical and economic characteristics of its operation, as well as to issue recommendations to clarify the current parameters of technological processes and maintenance of equipment elements.","PeriodicalId":429631,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139336650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}