Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information最新文献

{"title":"Strengthening mechanisms of rail steel under compression.","authors":"Yu. F. Ivanov, M. Porfir’ev, V. Gromov, N. Popova, Y. Serenkov, V. Shlyarov","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2023-8-657-668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2023-8-657-668","url":null,"abstract":"The evolution of structural-phase states and dislocation substructure of rail steel under uniaxial compression to the degree of 50% was studied by transmission electron microscopy. The obtained data formed the basis for a quantitative analysis of the mechanisms of rail steel strengthening at degrees of deformation by compression 15, 30, 50%. Contributions to the strengthening caused by the friction of matrix lattice, dislocation substructure, presence of carbide particles, internal stress fields, solid solution and substructural strengthening, pearlite component of the steel structure are estimated. Using the adaptivity principle, which assumes the independent action of each of the strengthening mechanisms, the dependence of rail steel strength on the degree of plastic deformation by compression is estimated. A comparative analysis of the stress-strain curves σ(ε) obtained experimentally and calculated theoretically is performed","PeriodicalId":429631,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139336077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the degree of restoration of two-component self-healing briquettes based on iron- and carbon-containing waste","authors":"K. I. Domnin, A. S. Vodoleev, M. Temlyantsev, E. P. Volynkina","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2023-8-676-683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2023-8-676-683","url":null,"abstract":"The recycling of iron and carbon-containing wastes in the metallurgical cycle is an urgent task in the Russian Federation and the world as a whole. Various wastes during storage occupy large areas (in the Russian Federation ‒ up to 4 million hectares) and are a source of adverse effects on the environment and the health of the population of nearby territories. In the Russian Federation, only waste from metallurgical enterprises has accumulated about 1 billion tons and its amount continues to grow. In addition, due to storage at waste disposal sites, this technogenic raw material falls out of production chains. Prolonged waste disposal leads to a decrease in the content of valuable components. The utilization of iron- and carbon-containing wastes requires its preliminary preparation, in particular, the agglomeration of finely dispersed materials. One of the methods of agglomeration is briquetting. Briquetting allows the creation of self-healing metallurgical briquettes, consisting only of waste as iron-containing material, reducing agent and binder. The important characteristics of self-healing briquettes are the degrees of its reduction to Femet and Fe+2. In this paper, two-component briquettes were studied, consisting of a waste from metallurgical production ‒ dust from an electric steel-smelting shop (dust from an electric furnace shop) as an iron-containing material and a waste from sugar production ‒ molasses acting simultaneously as a reducing agent and a binder. The content of molasses in two-component briquettes was 5, 10, 15, 20 % wt. The briquettes were calcined in an oxidizing atmosphere at temperatures of 700 and 1100°C until gassing was completed (about 15–20 min.). The degrees of iron reduction for all briquette variants were higher at 1100 °C. The highest reduction degree was obtained when the content of molasses in a two-component briquette was 20 % wt. and amounted to 10.75 % wt. for Femet, and the reduction degree to Fe+2 was 76.82 % wt. The obtained results do not allow us to recommend such briquettes for use in steelmaking, however, its can be considered as an additive to the blast-furnace charge in the presence of an available raw material base. Changing the temperature and time regime and the gas atmosphere during the reduction of briquettes can expand the possibilities of its application in metallurgical production","PeriodicalId":429631,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139336375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence on the sintering process of lime distribution between the blending storage and the mix department of SP-5 PJSC “MMK”","authors":"D. N. Gushchin, D. M. Chukin, Yu. A. Frolov, A. A. Andryushechkin, V. E. Kotyshev","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2023-2-95-106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2023-2-95-106","url":null,"abstract":"A research methodology is presented to determine the rational distribution of lime for the agglomeration process between the blending storage (fraction 0‒10 mm) and the mix department of the sinter plant (0‒3 mm). Together with the technological staff of the sinter plant four variants of lime distribution were tested and, accordingly, four piles with different lime content fraction 0‒10 mm were formed. The results of determining the granulometric composition and temperature of the mix under the conditions of lime dissociation along the process line for preparing the mix for sintering are presented. It has been established that when lime fraction of 0‒3 mm is supplied to the mix department, which ensures its content in the mix of 3%, it is heated to a temperature of 62 °C, i.e. to the “dew point”, which practi-cally prevents moisture condensation in the bed of the sintered mix. The analysis of the chemical composition of raw iron ore materials, mix and sinter, and its fluctuations has been carried out. It has been established that both for iron ore raw materials and mix, and as a result for sinter, the fluctuations of the chemical composition, estimated from the homogeneity coefficient, does not exceed 10%. The influence of the basicity of the sinter on the sulfur content in it has been established. It was found that when the content of lime fraction 0‒3 mm in the mix reaches 3%, the productivity of the sinter machine increases by at least 5.2% compared with the supply of all lime fraction 0‒10 mm to the blending storage. In this case, there are no problems for the blending storage in the cold season, when the remaining 1.5% of lime fraction 0‒10 mm is introduced into the concentrate consumption. Thus, it is recommended in winter conditions to sup-ply lime fraction of 0‒3 mm to the mix department in an amount that ensures its content in the mix equal to 3%, and the rest of the lime with a fraction of 0‒10 mm is fed to the blending storage.","PeriodicalId":429631,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139341060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coking coals for metallurgy ‒ trends and prospects up to 2050","authors":"L. Plakitkina, Y. Plakitkin, K. I. D’yachenko","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2023-7-548-558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2023-7-548-558","url":null,"abstract":"In 2022, the development of the global energy sector, including the coking coal market, has undergone significant transformations. Russia ranks only fourth in this market, exporting just over 32.7 million tons of coking coal. Russia has huge reserves of coking coals, many of their deposits can be developed and some of which have already started production. The article analyzes the coking coal market: production, consumption, import and export of coking coal in the main countries of the world and Russia in the period 2000‒2022. The crisis situation in 2022 in metallurgy and coking coal consumption is mainly caused not only by the sanctions policy and the decline in coking coal prices, but also by the decarbonization of the metallurgical industry, which has already actively started, and which in the future will lead to a complete refusal to use coal in metallurgy. The forecasts of coking coal consumption in the main countries of the world and Russia in the period up to 2050 depending on the rates of decarbonization of the world economy and metallurgical industry, taking into account the sanctions restrictions and embargoes on Russian coal have been developed. It is shown that coking coal producers in Russia are likely to face a drop in demand in the domestic market, and it is unlikely that they will be able to switch to the external market, as the demand there will also decrease. In order to prevent an unstable socio-economic situation as a result of a decrease in production volumes and, consequently, the income of enterprises, it is advisable for Russian coking coal producers to begin first about finding coking coal consumers, and in the future ‒ about diversification of production","PeriodicalId":429631,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139348762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a computer program for calculating the geometric parameters of the deformation zone and mill tuning parameters in the process of producing hot-rolled seamless tubes","authors":"N. I. Sherbutaev, A. V. Goncharuk, R. V. Iskhakov, O. V. Starichkova","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2023-8-669-675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2023-8-669-675","url":null,"abstract":"Determining the optimal tuning parameters for a piercing mill is a labor-intensive process. There are various calculation methods available for determining the tuning parameters of a piercing mill but implementing these methods can be time-consuming. Therefore, the developed computer program for calculating the geometric parameters of the deformation zone during the piercing of round billets and the tuning parameters of the piercing mill represents an innovative tool for calculating the tuning parameters of the piercing mill. The program allows for the establishment of optimal parameter values required to achieve the desired quality and accuracy of the steel piercing process. The main functions of the program include the analysis and processing of input data, such as the billet diameter, steel grade, roll calibration, and piercing mill tools. Based on this data, the program utilizes a developed mathematical model to calcu-late the optimal tuning parameters of the piercing mill, considering the required process characteristics and the desired level of product quality. One of the key features of the program is its high accuracy and universality. It takes into con-sideration multiple factors that affect the piercing process and enables reliable production forecasting. The program has a user-friendly interface, making it convenient for both specialists and shop floor personnel in the field of hot-rolled seamless tube production. The developed computer program is a valuable tool for manufacturers and research centers involved in steel piercing. It helps improve production efficiency, enhance product quality, and reduce time and costs associated with piercing mill setup. The program represents a significant contribution to the development and improve-ment of piercing technology in industrial settings","PeriodicalId":429631,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139349168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of technological solutions to improve the quality of railway rails by improving the technology of smelting, out-of-furnace processing and continuous casting of rail electric steel.","authors":"A. Umanskii, A. S. Borisov, S. V. Feiler","doi":"10.32339/10.32339/0135-5910-2023-7-566-574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/10.32339/0135-5910-2023-7-566-574","url":null,"abstract":"Based on a complex of metallographic and X-ray phase studies for the conditions of EVRAZ ZSMK, which is a leading domestic manufacturer of railway rails, the nature of characteristic defects of rails of metallurgical origin has been determined. These defects, which are the cause of rejection of rails during ultrasonic quality control in the flow of rail-block mill, are stratifications, in the localities of which accumulations of silicate, alumina and sulfide non-metallic inclusions are concentrated; at the same time, these defects in the vast majority of cases are located in the neck of the rail profiles. Analysis of contamination with non-metallic inclusions of suitable rails of the current production of EVRAZ ZSMK showed that, unlike the locations of defects in rejected rails, alumina non-metallic inclusions have an extremely low concentration, while manganese sulfides and silicate inclusions have the highest relative concentration. Based on the results obtained, technological measures were developed, pilot-industrial and implemented to improve the production technology of rail steel in the conditions of the electric steelmaking workshop of EVRAZ ZSMK. In order to reduce the concentration of oxide nonmetallic inclusions in rail steel, a new technology of ladle treatment of steel using a low-ash carburizer and calcium carbide for slag deoxidation has been developed. To reduce sulfide inclusions contamination, measures have been implemented to ensure the sulfur content in the finished steel at a level of no more than 0.008%. The optimization of the modes of electromagnetic mixing in the mold and the temperature regimes of continuous casting of steel was carried out, which also had an effect on reducing the concentration of non-metallic inclusions in continuously cast billets of rail steel and finished rails. The introduction of a set of these technological solutions and measures allowed to reduce the rejection of rails for internal defects from 7% to less than 2%","PeriodicalId":429631,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139349728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation of gas dynamics of oxygen flow and hydrodynamics of cooling water flow in tuyere tips with tangential optimized nozzles and results of their pilot tests.","authors":"A. V. Sushchenko, A. B. Lyatin","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2023-7-584-595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2023-7-584-595","url":null,"abstract":"The blowing mode largely determines the technical and economic indicators of BOF smelting, which was confirmed during the technological audit of the BOF shop of Azovstal Iron and Steel Works, carried out in 2021. It was found that the blowing mode of the process using an oxygen lance of the basic design was noticeably shifted from the optimal one in the direction of “hard” blowing. In a significant number of melts this led to an increase in the specific consumption of metal sheets, deterioration of lime assimilation by slag, dephosphorization and desulphurization of the metal. Taking into account that adjustment of the blowing mode by changing the working height of blowing and oxygen consumption did not provide a stable positive result, changes were made in the design of the tuyere tip. The design of the head with tangential arrangement of nozzles is proposed to “soften” the blowing of melts. The advantages and dis-advantages of oxygen lances of this type are considered. Numerical modeling of the gas dynamics of the oxygen flow and the hydrodynamics of the flow of cooling water in a tip with a tangential arrangement of nozzles has been per-formed. On the basis of simulation results, two variants of an improved design of the tips of 350-t LD converters with five (variant 1) and four (variant 2) main peripheral tangentially oriented nozzles and a central nozzle of lower throughput were developed to use them mainly in the second and first periods of the campaign according to the lining of the converters, respectively. It is shown that the design parameters of the nozzle blocks provide an oxygen jet outflow regime close to the design one in the main range of oxygen operating flow rates and a “non-separated” outflow regime with a decrease in the off-design ratio down to 0.8. The design parameters of the cooling system provide both an acceptable loss of water pressure in the head (0.9 MPa), the absence of local low-speed vortex zones of water, and a fairly high average coolant flow rate along the most heat-stressed (the lower) surface of the tip (about 4.5 m/s). As a result of industrial testing of a pilot batch of experimental heads with five main peripheral tangentially oriented nozzles, manufactured at the plant’s own repair and mechanical base, an increase in the resistance of copper tips was found to be 1.2 times, the resistance of lances to removal for cleaning from accretion was found to be 6.8 times, reduction in the specific consumption of metal charge by 0.9–5.6 kg/t, an increase in the dephosphorization and desulfurization coefficients of metal in the converter by 0.7–1.5 and 1.3–3.2%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":429631,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139349740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of the composition of the cumulative lattice during thermal diffusion chromiing on the depth of the diffusion layer","authors":"N. Shaburova","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2023-7-596-603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2023-7-596-603","url":null,"abstract":"Presents the results of experiments on improving the technology of thermal diffusion chromium plating of structural steels through the use of an internal emission field created in the technological backfill during heating. To create a field in the separating part of the technological backfill, aluminum oxide was completely replaced by mixtures of two compositions: a mixture of scheelite (CaWO4) and serpentine (Mg3Si2O7); a mixture of scheelite (CaWO4), serpentine (Mg3Si2O7), MgO, dicalcium silicate (γ-2•CaO•SiO2). The choice of these materials was based on the results of preliminary experiments on measuring the thermionic current in them. Saturation of samples of steel 35CrNi2-3 with chromium was carried out at a temperature of 1000°C for 24 hours. For both variants of technological fillings, the ab-sence of sintering and good knockout of parts were noted. The chemical composition of the diffusion layer on metal samples was controlled using a JEOL JSM-6460LV universal scanning (scanning) electron microscope. The micro-hardness of the coatings was measured using an FM-800 microhardness tester. The results show that the additional use of cumulative lattices of nickel and nichrome for thermal diffusion chromium plating provides an increase in the depth of chromium diffusion by 1.5 times when saturated in the backfill of the same composition. In this case, the lattice material has little effect on the depth of chromium diffusion, but it influences the intensity of surface microalloying with nickel. The electron yield work of nichrome X20H80, equal to 4.5 eV, has been determined. It was found that the hardness of the diffusion layers formed on the surface correlates with the content of chromium and nickel in them. The hardness of the chrome layer is 790±10 HV and 820±10 HV, using nickel and nichrome cumulative lattices, respective-ly. In the case of saturation without grids, the hardness is 50 and 20 HV respectively lower.","PeriodicalId":429631,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139349827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phase diagrams of oxide system FeO–MnO–MgO–SiO2. Report 1. Binary oxide systems MnO–SiO2 and MgO–SiO2","authors":"L. Makrovets","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2023-7-575-583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2023-7-575-583","url":null,"abstract":"Manganese and silicon are present in almost any steel, and magnesium can enter the metal from the lining and magnesian slags or be introduced in the form of an alloy, so knowledge of the thermodynamics and phase equilibria of liquid and solid silicate solutions allows to predict the appearance of non-metallic inclusions in steel. The FeO–MnO–MgO–SiO2 system includes six double and four triple phase diagrams of oxide systems. The binary phase diagrams of FeO–MnO, FeO–MgO, FeO–SiO2, and MnO–MgO oxide systems were previously studied. In this work, the phase diagrams of the MnO–SiO2 and MgO–SiO2 systems were considered, the liquidus lines and thermodynamic data on the melting of manganese and magnesium silicates – the enthalpies and entropies of melting of ortho- and metasilicates of manganese (Mn2SiO4 and MnSiO3) and magnesium (Mg2SiO4 and MgSiO3) were calculated. The theory of subregular ionic solutions, which takes into account the dependence of the coordination number on the melt composition, is used to calculate the activities of the components of the oxide melt and accurately describes the diagrams with two immiscible liquids and is consistent with the experimental data presented in the literature. The obtained data on the energy parameters of the theory of subregular ionic solutions for the systems MnO–SiO2 and MgO–SiO2, as well as the thermodynamic data on the formation of manganese and magnesium silicates, make it possible to proceed to the study of ternary oxide systems belonging to the FeO–MgO–MnO–SiO2 system.","PeriodicalId":429631,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139349787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the influence of the chemical composition and metallurgical quality of grinding balls on their operational properties","authors":"A. Umanskii, I. S. Morozov, E. Protopopov, S. O. Safonov","doi":"10.32339/0135-5910-2023-6-484-495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2023-6-484-495","url":null,"abstract":"On the basis of a complex of researches carried out in laboratory and industrial conditions using standard methods of metallographic analysis and impact testing of balls, the regularities of the formation of the quality of the macro- and microstructure of grinding balls in relation to their operational resistance in the production of rail steels and specialized ball steels of various chemical compositions are determined. When studying samples of five different compositions, it was determined that grinding balls made of 76XF steel have an optimal homogeneous microstructure that provides high impact resistance in combination with increased hardness after heat treatment. Additional alloying of the specified rail steel with chromium and nickel in excess of the requirements of regulatory documentation leads to the formation of dendritic liquation in the cast structure, which decreases, but is not completely eliminated after heat treatment of the produced balls. This microstructure is defective and causes a reduced impact resistance of grinding balls. In the production of balls made of 90HAF grade hypereutectoid rail steel, cementite is present in the microstructure, which reduces the balls' resistance to shock loads; at the same time, there is no noticeable increase in the hardness of heat-treated balls compared to balls made of 76XF steel. With regard to balls made of specialized steels of grades Sh2.1 and Sh2.3, the determining effect on their impact resistance of macrostructure defects passing from the initial cast blanks has been established. The features of the quenching microstruc-ture of grinding balls made of specialized steels of the specified grades, formed by varying the modes of their heat treatment, does not significantly affect the impact resistance of the balls","PeriodicalId":429631,"journal":{"name":"Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139353461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}