Separation and Purification Technology最新文献

{"title":"Integrated micro/nano bubbles-assisted induced gas flotation and ceramic membrane filtration for chemical-free treatment of oil sands process-affected water","authors":"Jiha Shim ,&nbsp;Jae-Wuk Koo ,&nbsp;Tae-Mun Hwang ,&nbsp;Jung-Hoon Sul ,&nbsp;Sanghyun Jeong","doi":"10.1016/j.seppur.2025.133736","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seppur.2025.133736","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The treatment of oil sands process affected water (OSPW) is essential for environmental compliance and sustainable operations. In this study, an integrated system combining micro/nano bubbles (MNBs)-assisted induced gas flotation (IGF) with ceramic membrane filtration (CMF) was developed to remove multiple oil phases and suspended solids (SS) without chemical additives. Synthetic OSPW was prepared to simulate field conditions, and the effects of key floatation parameters-bubble injection ratio, injection flow rate, bubble size, gas type, and pH-were investigated. Results demonstrated that IGF efficiency was primarily influenced by oil droplet size, bubble injection ratio, and pH, with oil floatation and SS removal varying by 22–41 %. The incorporation of MNBs with microbubbles extended the minimum flotation size for oil droplets to 7.6 µm, improving oil flotation by 11 % and SS removal by 19 %. While residual nanobubbles slightly reduced CMF flux due to increased surface roughness, they significantly enhanced oil rejection. The integrated IGF-CMF system maintained high operational stability, effectively mitigating membrane fouling and achieving high removal efficiencies without requiring chemical additives. This study highlights a sustainable and high-performance approach for OSPW treatment, offering a robust solution for industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":427,"journal":{"name":"Separation and Purification Technology","volume":"374 ","pages":"Article 133736"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144139790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel membrane-integrated ultrasonic atomization system for energy-efficient treatment of dye-polluted wastewater","authors":"Nicole Agatha Mae B. Patiu ,&nbsp;Hannah Faye M. Austria ,&nbsp;Gabriel V. Carballo ,&nbsp;Rou Li ,&nbsp;Rhoda B. Leron ,&nbsp;Wei-Song Hung ,&nbsp;Flordeliza C. De Vera ,&nbsp;Min-Lang Tsai ,&nbsp;Chia-Hsiung Cheng ,&nbsp;Trong-Ming Don","doi":"10.1016/j.seppur.2025.133732","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seppur.2025.133732","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dye-contaminated wastewater must be treated before its release into water bodies, as it poses serious environmental and health concerns. Although conventional methods involving pressure-driven membrane separation processes are widely used to treat dye-containing wastewater, they are often energy-intensive due to high-pressure requirements. To overcome these limitations, this study introduces a novel ultrasonic atomizing membrane system designed for energy-efficient dye removal from wastewater. This innovative system consists of a membrane composite fabricated via deposition of a thin, selective chitosan-crosslinked GO (GO-CS) layer on a commercial polyamide substrate, integrated into a high-frequency ultrasonic atomizer. The addition of CS chemically modified GO, which resulted in enhanced hydrophilicity and increased surface charge of the composite membrane. The ultrasonic atomizing membrane system exhibited a high pure water flux of up to 129 ± 13 LMH. With the GO-CS (v/v = 1/0.5) membrane composite, the system achieved impressive dye rejection rates of 90 % for methyl orange (MO) and 99 % for both Congo red (CR) and disperse blue 1 (DB1). The stability test showed sustained performance with a 99 % CR rejection rate and a flux of 60.0 ± 10.6 LMH. Reusability test further confirmed high membrane efficiency, with 93 – 99 % CR rejection and a permeation flux of 85.5 ± 3.6 LMH. These findings prove that the proposed novel ultrasonic atomizing membrane system could be an effective energy-saving alternative for the treatment of dye-contaminated wastewater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":427,"journal":{"name":"Separation and Purification Technology","volume":"374 ","pages":"Article 133732"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144146053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robust MIL-96 tubular membranes for efficient separation of acetic acid/water mixtures by pervaporation","authors":"Yumeng Zhao ,&nbsp;Guoshu Gao ,&nbsp;Peng Zhu ,&nbsp;Cun Liu ,&nbsp;Xiongfu Zhang ,&nbsp;Feichao Wu ,&nbsp;Guohui Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.seppur.2025.133738","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seppur.2025.133738","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metal-organic framework (MOF) membranes hold great potential for acetic acid dehydration by pervaporation. However, it remains challenging to develop stable MOF membranes suitable for this application due to the corrosion of membranes by acetic acid. Herein, we report a robust aluminum (Al)-based MIL-96 membrane on porous ceramic tubes for acetic acid pervaporation dehydration. It is prepared by an induction strategy with Al-Sol@MIL-96-C layer, obtained by calcining an Al-based sol layer containing small MIL-96 seeds. The induced layer possesses a sponge-like structure and high reactivity, favoring the uniform growth of MIL-96 crystals and establishing a strong connection between the membrane layer and the support. The achieved MIL-96 membrane, with a thickness of ∼2 μm, exhibits excellent performance in separating 90 wt% acetic acid/water mixtures by pervaporation, showing a high separation factor of ∼3000 with a permeation flux of 1.54 kg/(m²·h). Notably, due to the connectivity of the Al-Sol@MIL-96-C layer, these membranes show long-term operational stability for over 200 h, as well as great tolerance to ultrasonic treatment, highlighting the enormous potential for applications. This work provides a feasible approach to fabricate robust MOF membranes for pervaporation separation of acetic acid/water mixtures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":427,"journal":{"name":"Separation and Purification Technology","volume":"374 ","pages":"Article 133738"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144146057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of cellulose tubing membranes for dialysis-based recovery of biosurfactants from corn steep water","authors":"A. Martínez-Arcos ,&nbsp;M. Reig ,&nbsp;J.M. Cruz ,&nbsp;J.L. Cortina ,&nbsp;A.B. Moldes ,&nbsp;X. Vecino","doi":"10.1016/j.seppur.2025.133711","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seppur.2025.133711","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dialysis is a promising downstream processing technique for purifying valuable metabolites like biosurfactants from agri-food streams. Compared to conventional membrane technologies, this approach offers the advantages of using biodegradable membranes while maintaining product integrity. However, several challenges must be addressed before industrial implementation, particularly concerning the long-term durability of cellulose membranes in high-microbial-load environments. In this study, dialysis for processing corn steep water (CSW), a biosurfactant-rich stream, was evaluated in terms of operational temperature (22 °C and 4 °C), membrane cellulose structures (regenerated cellulose (RC) and cellulose ester (CE)) and molecular weight cut-offs (MWCO) of tubing membranes (1 kDa, 3.5–5 kDa, 6–8 kDa, and 8–10 kDa). The membrane that provided the best performance for desalination of CSW and purification of biosurfactants was the 6–8 kDa RC membrane working at 4 °C ensuring consistent reproducibility and maintaining long-term durability after multiple dialysis cycles. Optical Interferometric Profilometry (OP) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analysis aligned with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) morphology images showed that RC membranes exhibited a smoother topography, and a more uniform shape compared to the Biotech CE membranes. Specifically, RC membranes demonstrated significantly lower roughness values, ranging from 5.44 to 29.29 nm vs 28.43 to 317.06 nm for Biotech CE membranes, which agrees with the better performance observed for RC membranes. Additionally, nanoindentation tests revealed that Biotech CE membranes are comparatively more rigid than RC membranes, the latter having shown better elastic recovery, favourable for dialysis operated under lower-pressure conditions. Moreover, it was observed for RC membranes that Young's modulus (E) decreased with the increase of MWCO. The experimental results highlight the strong potential of 6–8 kDa regenerated cellulose membranes for sustainable biosurfactant downstream process of CSW, with this study providing critical insights for future scale-up efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":427,"journal":{"name":"Separation and Purification Technology","volume":"375 ","pages":"Article 133711"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144130280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microfluidic strategy for rapid and efficient extraction of scandium ions from red mud","authors":"Lang Feng, Wei Long, Bin Li, Tao Li, Zhihong Zhang, Xiaohua Wang, Huiping Li","doi":"10.1016/j.seppur.2025.133710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2025.133710","url":null,"abstract":"Red mud is an alkaline solid waste generated during alumina production and harbors significant scandium (Sc) resources. Sc holds substantial scientific and economic value due to its critical applications in metallurgy, chemistry, and electronics. However, traditional methods for extracting Sc from red mud are hindered by challenges such as prolonged mixing times, high energy consumption, and susceptibility to emulsification, which severely limit industrial application efficiency. To address these issues, this study designed and developed a microfluidic extraction platform utilizing laminar flow, slug flow, and micro-droplet systems. It systematically investigated the separation process of Sc³⁺ using di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (P204) as the extractant. The microfluidic chip significantly enhanced the rapid mass transfer of Sc³⁺ between phases by providing a larger interface area, thereby accelerating the extraction kinetics. This characteristic enabled the extraction process to reach equilibrium more quickly while ensuring operational stability and reproducibility. Experimental results demonstrated that, compared to solvent extraction (with an extraction efficiency of 74.6 %), the laminar flow achieved the selectivity separation efficiency for Sc³⁺ ranging from 94.1 % to 96.4 %, with the reaction time reduced to 7.14–10 min. The slug flow improved mass transfer efficiency by promoting internal circulation within the droplets, achieving an extraction efficiency of 86.9 % to 94.8 %. Meanwhile, the micro-droplet attained the highest mass transfer efficiency of 92.9 % to 97.4 % by leveraging the large specific surface area and internal flow characteristics of the droplets. Therefore, the laminar flow is highly suitable for continuous operation and the rapid and efficient separation of rare earth elements from bulk solid waste. Additionally, the performance of the slug flow and micro-droplet is significantly superior to traditional solvent extraction methods, making them particularly suitable for high-selectivity separation of rare earth ions and small-scale processing applications. This study not only provides a novel strategy for the efficient recovery of Sc resources from red mud but also promotes the application and development of microfluidic technology in wet metallurgical engineering.","PeriodicalId":427,"journal":{"name":"Separation and Purification Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144130278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Fe-Mn modified self-nitrogen biochar composite: Synergistic adsorption-reduction mechanisms for enhanced Cr(VI) removal in aquatic systems","authors":"Li Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuwei Tang ,&nbsp;Yuting Zhang ,&nbsp;Weibin Sun ,&nbsp;Zihao Yang ,&nbsp;Jinchunzi Li ,&nbsp;Shuang Liang ,&nbsp;Jing Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.seppur.2025.133703","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seppur.2025.133703","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study employed mango kernel polyphenols as green reductants to synthesize a novel Fe-Mn bimetallic-modified biochar derived from soy sauce residue (SSR), systematically investigating its performance and mechanisms for aqueous hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) removal. Comprehensive characterization through scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) confirmed the successful loading of Fe-Mn oxides with optimized surface functionality. Batch experiments revealed maximum Cr(VI) removal efficiency (99.96 % within 120 min) at pH 2.0 using the composite with Fe/Mn molar ratio of 1:2. The intra-particle diffusion model and the pseudo-second order (PSO) kinetic model provided a more accurate description of Cr(VI) removal mechanism. The adsorbent demonstrated strong interference resistance against common cations (Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺) and low-concentration anions (CO₃²⁻, SO₄²⁻). Fe/Mn-SRB0.5 exhibited excellent operational stability and reusability, retaining 94.32 % of Cr(VI) removal efficiency after five experimental cycles. Mn-mediated Cr(VI) reduction proceeded through direct electron transfer or Fe-synergized reduction. Electrostatic attraction, multi-components redox reactions, and complexation collectively governed Cr(VI) removal. This study prepared a functionalized composite with high efficiency, stability, and sustained reusability that possessed promising potential in improving Cr(VI) polluted environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":427,"journal":{"name":"Separation and Purification Technology","volume":"374 ","pages":"Article 133703"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144130277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CO2-enhanced recovery of fulvic acid via activated carbon adsorption: a novel approach to sustainable wastewater treatment","authors":"Junyu Tao ,&nbsp;Yincheng Wang ,&nbsp;Yingying Yu ,&nbsp;Yongjie Hu ,&nbsp;Chen Chen ,&nbsp;Ning Li ,&nbsp;Beibei Yan ,&nbsp;Zhanjun Cheng ,&nbsp;Guanyi Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.seppur.2025.133706","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seppur.2025.133706","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fulvic acid (FA), a widely existed contaminant in organic wastewater, also represents a significant chemical asset. Recovery using activated carbon (AC) faces limitations due to FA’s high solubility, and the concomitant recovery of other contaminants undermines the value of the recovered FA. In this study, by carefully designed experiments, we have demonstrated that introducing a gaseous CO₂ flow can selectively enhance the FA recovery capacity of AC at room temperature. Extensive experiments and characterizations were conducted to validate the enhancing capability, explain its working mechanism, and optimize the recovery performance for FA. Results showed that the optimal conditions for FA recovery were found to be an FA concentration of 2 g/L, an AC dosage of 1 g, and a CO₂ flow rate of 0.1 L/min. Compared with the sole AC recovery system, the AC + CO₂ system significantly increased FA recovery capacity from 28.7 mg_FA/g_AC to 98.9 mg_FA/g_AC with negligible enrichment of other pollutants. The adsorption process in the AC + CO₂ system followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating a predominance of chemical adsorption mechanism. Further experiments were designed to figure out the recovery-enhancing mechanism in respects to gas flow disturbance, pH, and ion species. It was found that the existence of HCO₃^– played an important role in recovery enhancement of AC. Furthermore, the enhancing effect could work for different kinds of AC but only work for FA recovery. The discoveries are promising to develop an effective and economic FA recovery technique in aqueous systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":427,"journal":{"name":"Separation and Purification Technology","volume":"374 ","pages":"Article 133706"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144130464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxygen vacancies boosting peroxymonosulfate activation on 1D/2D CuBi2O4/Bi2MoO6 for rapid antibiotic removal and harmful cyanobacterial inactivation: Dual active site regulation and synergistic pathway insights","authors":"Jing Li ,&nbsp;Dandan Wang ,&nbsp;Xueru Huang ,&nbsp;Lu Zhang ,&nbsp;Jifeng Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.seppur.2025.133650","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seppur.2025.133650","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antibiotics exacerbate harmful algal blooms (HABs), seriously threatening water safety. Photocatalytic activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for organic pollutant degradation has emerged as a promising green strategy for environmental remediation. However, developing efficient catalysts with strong interfacial effects and abundant active sites faces significant challenges. Herein, an oxygen vacancy-enriched 1D/2D CuBi₂O₄/Bi₂MoO₆ heterojunction was synthesized for visible-light-driven PMS activation, enabling efficient various antibiotics degradation and <em>Microcystis aeruginosa</em> inactivation. The unique 1D/2D heterostructure, surface OVs, and Cu²⁺/Cu⁺ redox cycling facilitated strong interfacial contact and spatial charge separation. Within 30 min, the degradation and mineralization rates of tetracycline (TC) reached 98.9 % and 65.4 %, respectively, while the system rapidly inactivated <em>Microcystis aeruginosa</em>, with an inactivation rate of 88.7 % and chlorophyll <em>a</em> removal rate of 91.3 %. Moreover, t the system overcame the ion leaching issue associated with conventional transition metal activator PMS processes, and the synergy between OVs and Cu dual active sites enhanced material stability, environmental tolerance, and broad applicability. In situ experiments and DFT calculations revealed that the internal electric field and Cu–O-Mo electron bridge triggered the S-scheme charge transport and promoted strong redox reactions. OVs and Cu dual active sites served as additional centers for pollutant adsorption and PMS activation, accelerating electron transfer and O-O bond cleavage, enhancing the synergistic effects at the heterogeneous interface. LC-MS and reactive site identification elucidated degradation pathways and algicidal mechanisms. This work provides valuable insights for designing OVs and metal sites modulated heterojunctions for PMS activation in water purification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":427,"journal":{"name":"Separation and Purification Technology","volume":"374 ","pages":"Article 133650"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144133571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defective UiO-66 embedded with biodegradable chelating agent iminodisuccinic acid (IDSA) for heavy metal ions removal","authors":"Pengfei Yang, Xiaozhe Hu, Jin Zhou, Haixiang Li, Asfandyar Shahab, Liangquan Lu, Hua Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.seppur.2025.133729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2025.133729","url":null,"abstract":"Given the severe threat posed by heavy metal pollution to both the ecological environment and human health, the development of green, efficient and sustainable adsorbents has become a major research focus. Herein, a novel heavy metal ions adsorbent (De-UiO-66-IDSA) was synthesized by functionalizing defect UiO-66 with the biodegradable chelating agent iminodisuccinic acid (IDSA). The effects of different factors on the adsorption of Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺ and Cd²⁺ by UiO-66-IDSA were investigated, including IDSA loading, contact time, adsorbent dosage and pH. Batch adsorption experiments showed that the adsorption kinetics followed PSO model, while the isotherm data were best described by the Langmuir model, indicating a monolayer chemisorption process. The maximum adsorption capacities for Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺ and Cd²⁺ were 377.40, 163.60, and 204.10 mg/g at 298 K, respectively and the adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic. Moreover, regeneration experiments demonstrated that the adsorbent retained over 75 % of its removal efficiency for all three metal ions after 5 cycles. These results highlight the great potential of De-UiO-66-IDSA as a green, high-performance, and a regenerable adsorbent capable of effectively eliminating heavy metal ions from aqueous media.","PeriodicalId":427,"journal":{"name":"Separation and Purification Technology","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144133638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning-driven green synthesis of iron sulfur nanoparticles: Dual optimization of biosynthesis parameters and heavy metal adsorption performance","authors":"Fangfang Ye,&nbsp;Ganchen Zhou,&nbsp;Xiaoying Jin,&nbsp;Zuliang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.seppur.2025.133705","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.seppur.2025.133705","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Iron sulfide nanoparticles were green synthesized using <em>Pinus massoniana Lamb</em> extract (PML-FeS) for heavy metal removal. A comprehensive analysis was conducted to delineate the interplay between synthesis conditions and the performance of PML-FeS NPs using machine learning techniques. The synthesis parameters (reaction pH, temperature, and Fe/S molar ratio) were optimized through a machine learning framework: First, the random forest (RF) model identified reaction pH as the most critical factor (weight &gt; 60 %). Subsequently, the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model, trained on experimental data with synthesis conditions as inputs and removal efficiencies as outputs, predicted optimal parameter combinations via iterative simulations of 441 scenarios. This dual-model approach revealed that adjusting pH to 4 (for Pb(II)) and 9 (for Cd(II)), increasing temperature to 90 °C, and fixing Fe/S ratio to 1:1 maximized active site exposure, boosting the removal efficiencies from 72.5 % to 95.31 % for Pb(II) and 52.94 % to 80.15 % for Cd(II). Advanced characterization indicated that the optimized nanoparticles exhibited enhanced dispersion, increased surface area, large pore size, and improved binding of Pb(II) and Cd(II) at the active surface sites. Furthermore, the analysis revealed that the enrichment of functional groups (Fe-O, C-O) significantly promoted the complexation with Pb(II) and Cd(II). Finally, the optimized PML-FeS NPs successfully eliminated 92.88 % Pb(II) and 91.23 % Cd(II) from the mining wastewater. The work presents an innovative approach for synthesizing of green nanomaterials from waste biomass and efficiently removing heavy metals in wastewater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":427,"journal":{"name":"Separation and Purification Technology","volume":"374 ","pages":"Article 133705"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144133523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}