International Journal of Contemporary Research and Review最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of Farmers’ Perception of Land Degradation and Coping Strategies in Yobe State, Nigeria","authors":"M. Babagana, Madaki, Musa Janga, A. Adamu","doi":"10.15520/ijcrr.v11i04.798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15520/ijcrr.v11i04.798","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted between December 2019 – February 2020 in Nguru, Po-tiskum and Gujba Local Government Areas of Yobe state, Nigeria with sole aim of assessing farmers’ perception of land degradation and coping strategies in the state. Descriptive Survey design involving both quantitative and qualitative methods us-ing structured questionnaire and Focused Group Discussions was adopted. A total of 110 farmers were sampled using Purposive and Convenient techniques. Respondents’ demographic data revealed that the majority of the respondents were uneducated male youth with good years of experience in farming practicing non-mechanised rain fed commercial farming with vast farmlands. Crops commonly grown were corn (Zea mays), groundnut (Arachis hypogeae), maize (Zea mays), beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), sesame (Sesamum indicum) and sorghum (Sorgum bicolor) and commonly observed forms of land degradation included wind erosions, soil nutrient depletion, loss of soil fertility, loss of vegetation cover and break down of soil structure. Other forms of land degradation peculiar to some of the studied places were bio-invasion and salinization in Nguru and serious water erosion in Potiskum. The most common unsustainable farming practices identified included deforestation, bush burning, mono-cropping, in-creased tillage, continuous cultivation, indiscriminate use of fertilizer and other agro-chemicals. The farmers’ perceptions on the causes of land degradation were not more different and included deforestation, bush burning, natural causes, continuous crop-ping etc. while its indicators according to the farmers’ perceptions included loss of soil fertility, poor crop yield etc. The farmers also believed that the major impacts of land degradation were reduced crop yield which translates into increased poverty among farming communities. With regards to the possible solutions to land degra-dation, the farmers believed that measures such as shifting cultivation, reforestation, stopping bush burning, mulching, use of organic manure, application of inorganic fer-tilizer etc. were adopted by the farmers. Besides, to cope with the impacts of droughts and delayed rains, the farmers usually practice early planting and use of improved seeds especially drought resistant seeds. Based on the outcome of the study, it was concluded that despite being fully aware of the environmental impacts of some farming practices such as bush burning, farmers in these areas still engage in many unfriendly farming practices probably due to poverty, culture or ignorance. Hence, it was against this background that a strong recommendation was proffered that special laws and regulations should be enacted to tackle human induced agricultural land degradation.","PeriodicalId":427849,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Research and Review","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116669053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Analysis on BCG Growth Sharing Matrix","authors":"Md. Abdul Kader, Hanif Hossain","doi":"10.29040/IJEBAR.V4I01.971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29040/IJEBAR.V4I01.971","url":null,"abstract":"In the 21st century, sustainable improvement of business faces various challenges for the global economic competition. But, these challenges can be overcome by the efficient business  strategies. The Boston Consulting Group (BCG) helps the business organizations to develop their efficiency for the successful operation of their business activities. To develop the efficiency of marketing decision making, the BCG Matrix plays an effective tool for strategic planning of product performance in industry and company level. It analyses to identify which strategic business units to invest in, which to sell off, and which to shut down. It helps a company to distribute their available resources through the efficient business management. It is one of the most popular and helpful consulting firms. The paper tries to provide a guideline to the business organizations to choose the best business policies by the use of BCG matrix.","PeriodicalId":427849,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Research and Review","volume":"135 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115582744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Attitudes of Jordanian School Students towards Using YouTube as a Learning Tool","authors":"Tamara Adnan. Al Smadi","doi":"10.15520/ijcrr.v11i01.786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15520/ijcrr.v11i01.786","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed to identify the attitudes of Jordanian school students towards using YouTube as a tool for learning. A descriptive analytical approach is adopted. Questionnaire forms were distributed to 80 9th grade male students. They were selected from at Al-Jubiha Secondary School for Boys in Amman, Jordan. This study was conducted during the second semester of the academic year (2018-2019). All of the questionnaire forms were retrieved and considered valid for statistical analysis. The response rate is 100%.   SPSS was used. It was found that YouTube is highly used by Jordanian school students. It was found that Jordanian school students have positive attitudes towards using YouTube as a tool for learning. It was found that respondents consider YouTube as an effective learning tool. It was found that YouTube improve students’ learning experiences and academic performance.","PeriodicalId":427849,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Research and Review","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122493877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Career Development and Servant Leadership on Employee Performance with Work Motivation as an Intervening Variable in the Employment Agency and Human Resources Development Denpasar City","authors":"Faizah, Anak Agung Putu Agung, I Wayan Widnyana","doi":"10.15520/ijcrr.v11i01.785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15520/ijcrr.v11i01.785","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to determine and test the effect of career development, servant leadership and work motivation on employee performance, to determine and test the effect of career development and servant leadership on employee work motivation at the Human Resources and Human Resources Development Agency in Denpasar City and to know and test the effect career development and servant leadership on employee performance through work motivation as an intervening variable. The population of this research is all permanent employees in the Human Resources Development and Human Resources Agency in Denpasar, which amounted to 48 people. The sampling method uses the census method (saturated sample), so that a sample of 48 people is obtained. Data analysis techniques using Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). The results showed that (1) Career development had a positive and significant effect on employee performance; (2) Servant leadership has a positive and significant effect on employee performance; (3) Career development has a positive and positive effect on employee work motivation; (4) Servant leadership has a positive and significant effect on employee work motivation; (5) Work motivation has a positive and significant effect on employee performance; (6) Career development has a positive and significant effect on employee performance; (7); Servant Leadership has a positive and significant effect on employee performance.","PeriodicalId":427849,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Research and Review","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132180899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Cardisoma guanhumi (land crab) extract on liver function and liver histology of Swiss mice infected with Bordetella pertussis","authors":"I. Enyi, A. I. Hart, I. Siminialayi","doi":"10.15520/ijcrr.v11i01.781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15520/ijcrr.v11i01.781","url":null,"abstract":"Pertussis also known as whooping cough is an acute human respiratory tract disease caused by Bordetella pertussis that is known to be associated with liver pathology. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Bordetella pertussis infection on the liver function and histology of Swiss mice and to evaluate the mitigating effects of Cardisoma guanhumi extract on these changes in comparison to erythromycin treatment. The animals were divided into five groups: group 1 was normal control; group 2 was infected with Bordetella pertussis without treatment (negative control); groups 3 and 4 were Bordetella pertussis infected and treated with 300mg/kg and 600mg/kg of Cardisoma guanhumi extract, respectively; and group 5 was infected and treated with 4000mg/70kg of erythromycin in divided doses. The animals were inoculated with a single infective dose of Bordetella pertussis and were consequently treated with the graded doses of the extract and erythromycin for a period of eighteen days, after the animals were confirmed infected. The mice were humanely sacrificed using diethyl ether anesthesia and blood samples taken for evaluation of liver function and liver tissue harvested and processed for histological examination. The results showed that Cardisoma guanhumi extract reversed the pathological changes in the liver of mice infected with Bordetella pertussis in a dose- and time-dependent manner, suggesting prophylactic and curative potentials of Cardisoma guanhumi extract against B. pertussis.","PeriodicalId":427849,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Research and Review","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126338364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wide Scene on Halophytes","authors":"W. Taia","doi":"10.15520/ijcrr.v11i01.777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15520/ijcrr.v11i01.777","url":null,"abstract":"This work dealt with the different types of halophytes; obligate, facultative, and habitat-indifferent halophytes with the indication of the main angiosperm families containing each category. In the same time it summarizes the most dominant halophyte species and their belonging families and their degree of adaptation to salt habitats. These genera and species, which are more than five hundred, were belonging to more than 70 Angiosperm families. These species can be further classified according to their life span into perennial herbs or shrubs and annuals and according to their ecological habitats and adaptations to salinity into: Halophytes, Hygrophytes, Phanerophytes, Xerophytes and Succulents. Genera belonging to the major angiosperm families containing the maximum number of taxa are the Chenopodiaceae and Amaranthaceae (34 taxa; 22.08%), Poaceae (21 taxa; 13.64%), Fabaceae (14 taxa; 9.09%), and Asteraceae (13 taxa; 8.44%). Meantime the main halophytic adaptations have been mentioned, with the indication to the mangrove plants which share some common characteristics based upon physiological, reproductive and morphological adaptations. Mangrove has approximately 54 species of plants belonging to about 20 genera in 16 families. This work high lighting the taxonomic revision of genus Salsola as one of the most important halophytic genus within the Chenopodiaceae. Hints on the pollen grains characters, anatomical features and chemical constituents of halophytes, in general, in Salsola specified were mentioned.","PeriodicalId":427849,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Research and Review","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131576419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thinking in the Future of Plant Taxonomy","authors":"W. Taia","doi":"10.15520/ijcrr.v11i01.776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15520/ijcrr.v11i01.776","url":null,"abstract":"This review is a trial to summarize the history of plant taxonomy to understand the situation of the taxonomical works and their progression. Taxonomy starts as an artificial classification and gradually with the increase of knowledge, civilization and facilities, plant taxonomy developed. Here, the most affected steps in the progression of plant taxonomy have been mentioned. Starting from the oldest period of using vegetative, floral and anatomical characters to the most recent works on palynology, chemotaxonomy and molecular biological data. Thinking of the modern plant taxonomy has been mentioned in response to the environmental changes and peoples thinking. Experimental biology and breeding experiments must be done to understand the way of speciation and to protect the wild species from extinction. Taxonomy must be cooperating with ecology for better understanding of the changing in the taxonomic characters and to precise identifications. Taxonomists have to survey the vegetation and try to find ways to protect the plants. We have to understand the relationships between the taxa in the populations. We have to modulate our thinking according to the new situation. Meanwhile the environmental conditions and their effect on plant characters must be kept in mind, as new species may arise and other extinct","PeriodicalId":427849,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Research and Review","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114457421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applying the Communicative Approach in Teaching English Language: Impediments and challenges, Taza and Taounante Regions as a Case Study","authors":"Sofian Herouach","doi":"10.15520/ijcrr.v11i01.774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15520/ijcrr.v11i01.774","url":null,"abstract":"The present study is an attempt to investigate the impediments that stand against implementing the communicative approach among high school students. The study focuses on 2ndyear baccalaureate students: their prospective year of graduation, taking two regions as case studies Taza and Taounante cities. This paper tends to tackle the approaches that English language teachers tend to apply, the reasons that prevent English language teachers from implementing the Communicative Language Approach (CLA) and the measures that can be applied to enable teachers so as to execute the CLA. The review of literature is inclusive and refers to English theories that first introduced the communicative approach to learning. The field work is conducted through distributing a representative number of questionnaires and interviews. Questionnaires were distributed for both second baccalaureate students and English teachers and conducted interviews with them. This research paper argues that overcrowded classes, time constraints, lack of appropriate materials and the students’ low level of English are the main reasons that make English teachers abstain from implementing the CLA.  Additionally, based on the findings, the study argues that having limited number of students, maintaining in-service trainings for the teachers and the availability of appropriate materials are the measures that should be met to implement the communicative approach in teaching.","PeriodicalId":427849,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Research and Review","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116675720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Compensation and Job Promotion on Employee Job Satisfaction at Pt. Permata Jaga Karya, Denpasar","authors":"Sapta Rini Widyawati, I. M. Adnyana, I. Mustika","doi":"10.15520/ijcrr.v10i12.770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15520/ijcrr.v10i12.770","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to determine the effect of compensation and job promotions on employee job satisfaction at PT. Permata Jaga Karya, Denpasar. The number of research samples were 84 employees. Determination of the sample using saturated or census means that all employees are respondents. The analytical tool used is multiple linear regression analysis with the help of SPSS version 23.0. \u0000The results of the analysis showed that compensation had a significant positive and significant effect on employee job satisfaction at PT. Permata Jaga Karya, Denpasar, this is evidenced by the value of the coefficient B for X1 is positive and the significant value of t (X1) <0.05. Similarly, promotion has a significant positive and significant effect on employee job satisfaction at PT. Permata Jaga Karya, Denpasar, this is evidenced by the value of the coefficient B X2 is positive and the significant value of t (X2) <0.05.","PeriodicalId":427849,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Research and Review","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129995247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Individual Characteristics, Work Characteristics and Organizational Characteristics on the Permanent Lecturer Performance at Warmadewa University","authors":"A. M. Martadiani, Ida Ayu Surasmi, Ita Sylvia Azita Azis, I. Artawan","doi":"10.15520/ijcrr.v10i12.771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15520/ijcrr.v10i12.771","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to analyze and explain the effect of Individual Characteristics, Job Characteristics and Organizational Characteristics on the Permanent Lecturers Performance at Warmadewa University. The hypothesis used consists of: (1) Individual characteristics have a positive and significant effect on lecturer performance, (2) Job characteristics have a positive and significant effect on lecturer performance, (3) Organizational Characteristics have a positive and significant effect on lecturer performance. The design of this study is quantitative with a sample size of 196 people calculated using the Slovin formula and determination of the sample size using the probability sampling method. The data used in this study are primary and secondary data both quantitative and qualitative data. Analysis tool used in WarpPLS Version 6.0. The results showed that Individual Characteristics had a significant negative effect on lecturer performance, job characteristics had a positive effect not significant on lecturer performance and organizational characteristics had a negative and significant effect on lecturer performance.","PeriodicalId":427849,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Research and Review","volume":"47-48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122884805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}