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Environmental Protection under Authoritarian Regimes in Cold War Chile and Hungary 冷战时期智利和匈牙利专制政权下的环境保护
IF 0.4
Global Environment Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.3197/ge.2021.140204
Viktor Pál, L. V. Pérez
{"title":"Environmental Protection under Authoritarian Regimes in Cold War Chile and Hungary","authors":"Viktor Pál, L. V. Pérez","doi":"10.3197/ge.2021.140204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/ge.2021.140204","url":null,"abstract":"Authoritarian regimes are often seen to be hostile toward the environment, albeit there is a growing body of literature suggesting a more nuanced image when it comes to authoritarian governments and the environment. However, several aspects of human-nature relationship need further\u0000 clarification in non-democratic systems, both on the political left and right. In this article we aim to address that challenge by analysing Cold War economic and environmental goals and responses of the right-wing military junta in Chile under Pinochet and the Hungarian state-socialist, USSR-satellite\u0000 regime under Kádár. By analysing two radically different political and economic approaches to economic catchup, while mitigating environmental costs on the way, this study aims to understand better the ecological motivations in authoritarian regimes operating diverse political\u0000 and economic agendas.","PeriodicalId":42763,"journal":{"name":"Global Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74158426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Viktor Pál Technology and the Environment in State-Socialist Hungary. An Economic History. 维克多Pál国家社会主义匈牙利的技术与环境。一部经济史。
IF 0.4
Global Environment Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.3197/ge.2021.140207
A. Varga
{"title":"Viktor Pál Technology and the Environment in State-Socialist Hungary. An Economic History.","authors":"A. Varga","doi":"10.3197/ge.2021.140207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/ge.2021.140207","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42763,"journal":{"name":"Global Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89760657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Shikar and Hunting: Eradication of Wildlife in Colonial Jungle Mahal Shikar和狩猎:在殖民丛林玛哈尔消灭野生动物
IF 0.4
Global Environment Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.3197/ge.2021.140205
Sekhar Mahapatra
{"title":"The Shikar and Hunting: Eradication of Wildlife in Colonial Jungle Mahal","authors":"Sekhar Mahapatra","doi":"10.3197/ge.2021.140205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/ge.2021.140205","url":null,"abstract":"The article depicts a broader discourse on 'Hunting' or Shikar in the areas designated as 'Jungle Mahal' and the critical impacts of related activities on the socio-economic conditions of the local inhabitants living in and around the forests. During the early nineteenth century, this\u0000 region was covered with thick forests and was home to various species of wild animals. The tribal population living in and around this jungle terrain had been thriving, from time immemorial, on shifting cultivation, cattle grazing and hunting. Their lives revolved around the attributes and\u0000 ethos of the forests around them. The article focuses on Shikar or hunting practices of the tribal people as well as the organised hunting expeditions conducted by the then British administrators, European hunters and native kings over a period of more than one hundred years, starting from\u0000 the early nineteenth century. Hunting expeditions and the commercial trading of precious wood set in motion the process of random destruction of wild animals and the forests of Jungle Mahal.","PeriodicalId":42763,"journal":{"name":"Global Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87446410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Green Guerrillas and Counterinsurgent Environmentalists in the Petén, Guatemala 危地马拉佩特海姆的绿色游击队和反叛乱的环保主义者
IF 0.4
Global Environment Pub Date : 2021-02-17 DOI: 10.3197/GE.2021.140102
Anthony W. Andersson
{"title":"Green Guerrillas and Counterinsurgent Environmentalists in the Petén, Guatemala","authors":"Anthony W. Andersson","doi":"10.3197/GE.2021.140102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/GE.2021.140102","url":null,"abstract":"At the peak of Guatemala?s 36-year civil war (1960?1996), fought between a right- wing authoritarian regime and leftist guerrillas, the army massacred tens of thousands of Maya peasants in a genocidal counterinsurgency. The scorched earth campaign halted the insurgency?s momentum, but\u0000 the army was unable to secure political or military control in the large area of northern lowlands called El Pete?n. This essay examines how, at this critical juncture, the insurgents and the army embraced distinct environmentalist platforms and land-use policies in order to gain a strategic\u0000 advantage. It argues that the army won a discursive battle, with assistance from big international conservation NGOs, to claim itself as the only legitimate ?defender of the forests?. This enabled the military to consolidate its position against the insurgents in the northern lowlands, contributing\u0000 to its de facto victory in the war, as well as fuelling ongoing violence in the postwar.","PeriodicalId":42763,"journal":{"name":"Global Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90092607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Enduring Climate of Conflict: Drought, Impoverishment and the Long Aftermath of Civil War in Peru 《持久的冲突气候:秘鲁内战的干旱、贫困和长期后果》
IF 0.4
Global Environment Pub Date : 2021-02-17 DOI: 10.3197/GE.2021.140106
Javier Puente
{"title":"The Enduring Climate of Conflict: Drought, Impoverishment and the Long Aftermath of Civil War in Peru","authors":"Javier Puente","doi":"10.3197/GE.2021.140106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/GE.2021.140106","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the relationship and correlation between climate and conflict in the contemporary Peruvian Andes before, during, and in the aftermath of the most recent civil conflict (1980-2000). Based on the combination of climatological data related to the 1982-1983 El Nin?o,\u0000 personal testimonies, and other source documents, the following pages unpack the ecological meaning of the campesino condition as a foundational element preceding the conflict, as the pivotal object and subject of escalating social violence, and as the chief outcome of insurrectionary and\u0000 counter-insurrectionary terror.","PeriodicalId":42763,"journal":{"name":"Global Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72454247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gund/Village: An Artistic Research 土地/村庄:一个艺术研究
IF 0.4
Global Environment Pub Date : 2021-02-17 DOI: 10.3197/GE.2021.140107
Rojda Tuğrul
{"title":"Gund/Village: An Artistic Research","authors":"Rojda Tuğrul","doi":"10.3197/GE.2021.140107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/GE.2021.140107","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42763,"journal":{"name":"Global Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73224706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Maya Forest and Indigenous Resistance during the Caste War 种姓战争期间的玛雅森林和土著抵抗
IF 0.4
Global Environment Pub Date : 2021-02-17 DOI: 10.3197/GE.2021.140105
D. Pretel
{"title":"The Maya Forest and Indigenous Resistance during the Caste War","authors":"D. Pretel","doi":"10.3197/GE.2021.140105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/GE.2021.140105","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides an environmental history of indigenous resistance during the Caste War, a major Indian revolt that took place in the Yucata?n peninsula between 1847 and 1901. It argues that the evolution of the war was bound to the material conditions of the vast Maya rainforest\u0000 and the expanding built environment at this area?s commodity frontiers. In this regard, the article advances two main theses. First, that the Maya rainforest was an ideal battleground for the insurgents? guerrilla warfare but extremely challenging for regular military columns. Second, that\u0000 indigenous subversion and survival rested on both commodity extraction and everyday agricultural practices carried out in the forest. In short, indigenous resistance was built on the ecology and geography of the rainforest at the contested interstices of empires and nations.","PeriodicalId":42763,"journal":{"name":"Global Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90275927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Guerrillas and Fish in Uganda 乌干达的游击队和鱼类
IF 0.4
Global Environment Pub Date : 2021-02-17 DOI: 10.3197/GE.2021.140104
J. Johnson
{"title":"Guerrillas and Fish in Uganda","authors":"J. Johnson","doi":"10.3197/GE.2021.140104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/GE.2021.140104","url":null,"abstract":"On 29 January 1986, Yoweri Kaguta Museveni was sworn in as President of the Republic of Uganda and his National Resistance Movement (NRM) and National Resistance Army (NRA) became the first guerrilla force to successfully overthrow a government in postcolonial Africa. Some thirty years\u0000 after the NRM?s bush war was won, the Ugandan military, with President Museveni still at the helm, began officially waging what it calls a guerrilla war against its own citizens. The goal of Museveni?s second guerrilla war was not to bring forth yet another anti-imperial democratic revolution.\u0000 It was instead designed to sustainably develop fisheries production in Lake Victoria, a task Museveni claims exclusive abilities to successfully steward for the benefit the Ugandan nation as a whole. Transformations in Lake Victoria?s fisheries ecology that predated the NRM?s rise to power,\u0000 and indeed, predated the formal independence of the Ugandan state were shaped by and shape managerial logics that continue to justify violence against fishworkers in order to enact conventional conceptions of sustainability. Memories of tragedy and success bound up in national narratives of\u0000 the 1981?1986 war for anti-imperial democratic revolution work to maintain managerial logics and regulatory regimes imposed by the former British colonial state.","PeriodicalId":42763,"journal":{"name":"Global Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84933460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fire and Power on the River Basin: Irregular Warfare and Socio-Environmental Consequences of the Guerrilla in Araguaia, Brazil 河流域的火和权力:非正规战争和游击的社会环境后果在阿拉瓜亚，巴西
IF 0.4
Global Environment Pub Date : 2021-02-17 DOI: 10.3197/GE.2021.140103
Claudio de Majo
{"title":"Fire and Power on the River Basin: Irregular Warfare and Socio-Environmental Consequences of the Guerrilla in Araguaia, Brazil","authors":"Claudio de Majo","doi":"10.3197/GE.2021.140103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/GE.2021.140103","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this article is to retrace a guerrilla episode that occurred in the Amazon region of Araguaia during the military dictatorship in Brazil (1972?1975), opposing a group of militants from the Communist Party of Brazil (PCdoB) and the National Brazilian Army. Taking advantage\u0000 of the geographical characteristics of the region, a small group of guerrilla fighters was able to confront a large military contingent for almost three years. As this article demonstrates, appealing to the powerful symbolic potential of the Amazon jungle, the guerrilla created a solid environmental\u0000 narrative of force and shrewdness supported by the local population. However, as military forces began to better explore the region and to resort to irregular warfare strategies, they managed to curb the guerrilla, exterminating almost every member involved in the fight. Finally, this article\u0000 looks at the marked socio-environmental scars that the conflict left in the region, and how these influenced social, political and ecological equilibriums during the following decades.","PeriodicalId":42763,"journal":{"name":"Global Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81445149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Irregular Conflicts, Disrupted Ecologies: The Environmental Impacts of Unconventional Warfare in the Global South 非常规冲突，生态破坏:全球南方非常规战争的环境影响
IF 0.4
Global Environment Pub Date : 2021-02-17 DOI: 10.3197/ge.2021.140101
Javier Puente
{"title":"Irregular Conflicts, Disrupted Ecologies: The Environmental Impacts of Unconventional Warfare in the Global South","authors":"Javier Puente","doi":"10.3197/ge.2021.140101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3197/ge.2021.140101","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42763,"journal":{"name":"Global Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90668745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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