Sensors and Actuators Reports最新文献

{"title":"A universal fluorescent lateral flow strip approach based on molecular beacon-assisted rolling circle amplification for point-of-care nucleic acid detection","authors":"Xiaopeng Chen ,&nbsp;Wentao Wang ,&nbsp;Pin Zhang ,&nbsp;Qionglin Wang ,&nbsp;Kangbo Liu ,&nbsp;Fengfang Ding ,&nbsp;Xianwei Zhang ,&nbsp;Ligong Hou ,&nbsp;Yingyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Wancun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Simple, cost-effective, sensitive, and specific approaches that are capable of enabling point-of-care testing (POCT) are crucial for clinical diagnosis, especially in settings with extremely limited resources. Therefore, a universal, simple, low cost, sensitive, and specific POCT approach called RCA-F-LFS was developed by combining molecular beacon (MB)-assisted rolling circle amplification (RCA) for target amplification with fluorescent lateral flow strips (F-LFS) to enable highly sensitive and visual detection of RCA products. Using <em>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</em> as the detection target, RCA-F-LFS demonstrated high sensitivity (0.1 pM) and specificity, accurately distinguishing it from other pathogenic microorganisms. In addition, RCA-F-LFS enables visual detection of both <em>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</em> DNA and RNA. The detection results of clinical throat swab samples showed that RCA-F-LFS could accurately detect <em>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</em>, with 100 % agreement with current clinical approaches. As a proof of concept, RCA-F-LFS can detect other nucleic acid targets by simply changing the target sequence, offering a robust and versatile strategy for the development of novel clinical POCT detection methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100363"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144702951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring affinity receptors in bioanalysis: from natural binders to biomimetics","authors":"F. Vivaldi ,&nbsp;F. Torrini ,&nbsp;F. Spiaggia ,&nbsp;F. Di Francesco ,&nbsp;M. Minunni","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100359","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Affinity receptors have played a pivotal role in advancing bioanalysis, primarily for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, thanks to their high selectivity toward target molecules, which enables their use in complex biofluids. While antibodies remain the gold standard, ongoing research has explored alternative receptors with improved stability, reduced size, and enhanced performance in bioanalytical and clinical applications. This works traces the evolution of affinity receptors from classical antibodies to emerging biomimetic and synthetic alternatives, including affibodies, nanobodies, aptamers, and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). We highlight their molecular features, advantages, and limitations, emphasizing their use as part of the molecular toolbox for bioanalytical assay development and biosensing. Overall, the continuous diversification of affinity binders reflects the dynamic nature of this field, where the optimal receptor remains context dependent. For this reason, the research into new binders to complement or eventually replace antibodies that, for the moment, remain the choice for high-throughput applications, is still ongoing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100359"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144570862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibitive colorimetric detection of malathion using acetylcholinesterase and copper nanoparticles embedded in an agar film","authors":"Hajar Shekarchizadeh,&nbsp;Zahra Teymouri","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100402","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Malathion, a widely used organophosphate (OP) pesticide, poses serious health risks due to its neurotoxic effects, highlighting the urgent need for rapid and reliable detection in agricultural products. In this study, a simple, low-cost, and portable colorimetric indicator was developed by incorporating copper nanoparticles (CuNPs), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and acetylthiocholine iodide (ATChI) within an agar matrix. The sensing mechanism is based on the inhibition of AChE by malathion, which suppresses thiocholine generation and prevents CuNP aggregation, thereby inhibiting the expected color change of the film. The system exhibited optimal activity at pH 7.0 using 400 mU/mL AChE and 120 µM ATChI. TEM and FE-SEM analyses revealed dense CuNP aggregation in the absence of malathion, while UV–Vis spectra showed a red shift in the LSPR peak (from 228 to 259 nm) accompanied by reduced absorbance intensity, both consistent with AChE inhibition. FTIR spectra confirmed pesticide interaction through a characteristic P=O stretching band. The solution-based assay achieved a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.013 ppm, whereas the film-based colorimetric sensor exhibited a slightly higher LOD of 0.027 ppm, attributed to diffusion limitations within the agar matrix compared with the homogeneous solution phase. Interestingly, a similar concentration-dependent behavior was observed for both systems, where enzyme inhibition dominated at low malathion levels (≤0.1 ppm), while direct CuNP–pesticide interactions prevailed at higher concentrations. The sensor demonstrated excellent selectivity toward malathion over other pesticides and maintained stability for up to 20 days. When applied to real samples (lettuce, cucumber, and strawberry), recoveries ranged from 85.8 % to 104.3 %. Owing to its high sensitivity, stability, and instrument-free operation, the developed indicator provides a promising platform for on-site and real-time monitoring of OP residues in food and environmental samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100402"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145516722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silkworm gut fibre-based biosensors for optical glucose detection","authors":"Aina Fitó-Parera ,&nbsp;Augusto Márquez ,&nbsp;Pablo Rodríguez-Núñez ,&nbsp;Salvador D. Aznar-Cervantes ,&nbsp;Ana Cristina Reguera ,&nbsp;Francisco Perdigones ,&nbsp;Carmen Aracil ,&nbsp;Rosalía Rodríguez-Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Carlos Domínguez ,&nbsp;Xavier Muñoz-Berbel","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100378","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100378","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Silk is a re-emerging biomaterial with significant potential for optical waveguiding due to its high transparency in the visible spectrum and elevated refractive index. Naturally occurring silk filamentous structures, such as silkworm gut fibres (SGFs), resemble traditional optical fibres while offering advantages such as biocompatibility, flexibility, mechanical strength and biodegradability. In this study, SGFs from different <em>Bombyx mori</em> races were evaluated for their suitability in optical fibre-based biosensing applications. White SGFs were selected for their superior optical properties, including a broad transmission window in the visible spectrum, strong light confinement, and high guidance efficiency. However, pristine SGFs exhibited sensitivity to hydration/drying cycles, leading to transmission losses. To address this, an alginate cladding was applied, stabilizing the fibre while preserving biocompatibility and optical performance. The modified SGFs successfully quantified colorants in the surrounding medium and were further employed in biochemical sensing. Specifically, alginate-coated SGFs enabled glucose detection by monitoring the colorimetric response of a redox mediator oxidized through a bi-enzymatic reaction involving glucose oxidase and peroxidase. This system effectively distinguished glucose concentrations corresponding to healthy, hypoglycaemic, and hyperglycaemic (pre-diabetic and diabetic) conditions. Furthermore, direct glucose measurements in real blood samples were possible, as the alginate layer functioned as a size-exclusion filter, selectively retaining cellular components while allowing glucose to diffuse and react with immobilized enzymes and redox mediators. The use of silk and alginate, both recognised as biodegradable materials, suggests significant potential for the development of real-time, minimally invasive glucose monitoring systems for in vitro and in vivo analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100378"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144907264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A high-temperature heat flux sensor using the transverse Seebeck effect in elemental rhenium","authors":"Kenneth McAfee ,&nbsp;Peter B. Sunderland ,&nbsp;Oded Rabin","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100391","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100391","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heat flux sensors compatible with hot environments are critical to advance aerospace, materials, and energy generation technologies that cope with extreme thermal conditions. In this work, we report on the development and characterization of a high-temperature heat flux sensor using the transverse Seebeck effect in rhenium single crystals. The sensor leverages refractory alloys and ceramics compatible with temperatures exceeding 1000 °C. The heat flux sensor was characterized from room temperature to 500 °C using a temperature-controlled calibration facility. At constant temperature, the sensor’s voltage output is linear with respect to the absorbed heat flux. The responsivity of the sensor varies with temperature, from 1.3 <span><math><mi>μ</mi></math></span>V/(W/cm<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>) at room temperature to −3.2 <span><math><mi>μ</mi></math></span>V/(W/cm<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>) at 500 °C, increasing monotonically in magnitude after changing sign from positive to negative at approximately 300 °C. The experimental results are in good agreement with analytical predictions of the sensor’s temperature-dependent responsivity, which suggest a further increase in magnitude up to −7.4 <span><math><mi>μ</mi></math></span>V/(W/cm<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>) at 1000 °C. These results highlight the unique characteristics of rhenium as a TSE transducer. The design offers compatibility with a wide range of operating temperatures and yields a measurement sensitivity that increases as the environmental conditions become more challenging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100391"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145324676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemical sensors: a review of group 10 and 11 metal composites for the detection of β-Lactam in aqueous media","authors":"Opeyemi A. Iresemowo,&nbsp;Vincent O. Nyamori,&nbsp;Olatunde S. Olatunji","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, the continuous release of antibiotics into the ecosystem has revealed significant downstream effects on a widespread population, leading to fatality and various deleterious impacts on the health of biological systems. Consequently, the development and accessibility of effective and straightforward recognition techniques for these pollutants have become critically imperative. Electrochemical strategies, characterised by their compactness, cost-effectiveness, and sensitivity, present a viable method for investigating antibiotics, offering information even in remote locations. Despite the availability of some commercially produced environmental sensors, they exhibit limitations such as cross-sensitivity, susceptibility to environmental interference, and drift over time. In contrast, electrochemical sensing offers distinct advantages, including rapid results generation, low detection limit, and portability. This review paper comprehensively addresses various aspects, encompassing sensor types, sensing materials, sensing techniques, and challenges associated with antibiotic sensing. The focus is mainly on β-lactam antibiotics due to their widespread use, prevalence, distribution, and adverse environmental and human health impacts. The review examines recent trends in utilising metallic nanoparticles, such as gold, silver, copper, and palladium, in conjunction with carbon-based materials for the design of electrochemical sensors that detect β-lactam antibiotics. Detailed discussions elucidate diverse mechanisms underlying the electrochemical sensing of β-lactam antibiotics while concurrently addressing existing challenges and providing future recommendations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100403"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145568659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electromagnetically induced transparent terahertz dual-split-ring metamaterial for ultra-high sensitivity sensor applications","authors":"Yunche Zhu,&nbsp;Daoye Zheng,&nbsp;Yu-Sheng Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100374","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100374","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present three dual-split-ring metamaterial (DSRM) devices with electromagnetic induced transparency (EIT) characteristics and simulated the optical parameters of the device. They are composed of outer split-ring resonators (SRRs) with different rotation angles of 0°, 45°, and 90°, named as DSRM-1, DSRM-2, and DSRM-3 respectively. By changing the height of the outer SRR from 0.5 μm to 4.0 μm, the EIT resonances of DSRM devices can be modulated. The EIT windows of DRSM-1 and DSRM-2 can be tuned 0.4 THz and 0.3 THz, respectively. Meanwhile, both DSRM-1 and DSRM-2 are ultra-highly sensitive to the change of ambient refractive index. The maximum sensitivity is 638 GHz/RIU. Moreover, DSRM-3 shows stable to the change of background refractive index. The EIT resonant intensity of DSRM-3 can be modulated gradually by increasing the height of the outer SRR. These results indicate that DSRM devices possess potential applications in the reconfigurable filters, optical switches, programmable logic operators, highly sensitive sensors in the THz-wave optoeelctronics fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100374"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144864614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A bienzymatic lactate biosensor with co-immobilization of horseradish peroxidase and lactate oxidase on sugarcane-derived three-dimensional carbon nanoballs cross-linked carbon aerogels","authors":"Yashuang Hei ,&nbsp;Lisi Ba ,&nbsp;Ling Yu ,&nbsp;Bingxiao Zheng ,&nbsp;Sisi Wen ,&nbsp;Nan Ma ,&nbsp;Zhiju Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100383","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100383","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, a novel bienzymatic lactate biosensor was developed by co-immobilization of lactate oxidase (LOD) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) onto the screen-printed electrode (SPE) modified by the three-dimensional (3D) carbon nanoballs cross-linked carbon aerogels (3D-CNCAs), which is derived from the biomass of sugarcane. The 3D-CNCAs, with large surface area and porous structure, play a crucial role in facilitating direct electron transfer between the electroactive center of HRP and the biosensor electrode. The experimental parameters including the amount of 3D-CNCAs suspension, the ratio of the two enzymes, the buffer pH and the operation potential were optimized. The bienzymatic lactate biosensor exhibits linear current response for lactate in the concentration ranges of 1-1690 μM, with a detection limit of 0.23 μM (S/N = 3), which is superior to the one based on monotypic enzyme of LOD. The bienzymatic lactate biosensor also exhibits a high level of selectivity, reproducibility, repeatability and long-term stability (87% of the original value after storage for 30 days), and was further applied in lactate detection in diluted real samples of lactic acid cream and commercial beverage. The outstanding analytical performance of the bienzymatic lactate biosensor demonstrates the preponderance of the bienzymatic over the one based on monotypic enzyme, and holds broad application prospects in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100383"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145117848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water-dispersible, electrically recyclable cellulose paper for versatile surface applications","authors":"Jeong Woo Chae ,&nbsp;Wooseok Kim ,&nbsp;Gooyoon Chung ,&nbsp;Gyuri Shin ,&nbsp;Xinge Yu ,&nbsp;Geumbee Lee ,&nbsp;Joohoon Kang ,&nbsp;Yoonseok Park ,&nbsp;Sang Min Won","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100397","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100397","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Green electronics are emerging as a prominent and environmentally responsible technology in response to the growing concern over electronic waste. This study introduces water dispersible and electrically recyclable functional paper for flexible electrodes and sensing materials, with the ability to conformally laminate onto dynamic surfaces. The conductive paper is formed by coating pulp fibers with conductive composites comprising sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and carbon black particles. Such functional paper enables conformal contact with curved and/or rough surfaces through a water spray application followed by a drying process, ensuring reliable performance across diverse surface geometries. When used in a parallel-plate capacitor, these electrodes enable keypad functionality on rough rock surfaces. The addition of hydrophobic encapsulation enhances the paper's usability in aqueous environments, allowing for a controllable operational period. Conversely, electrodes without hydrophobic encapsulation serve effectively as humidity sensors, demonstrating sensitivity to respiration and ambient humidity changes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100397"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145462888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multi-sensing quinazoline-derived fluorescent sensor for selective detection of Ru3+, Ir3+, Th4+, and UO22+ with environmental applications","authors":"Prakash Seenu ,&nbsp;Nandhini Karthikeyan ,&nbsp;Namrata Priyadharshini Hota ,&nbsp;Saravanan Enbanathan ,&nbsp;Sathiyanarayanan Kulathu Iyer","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The chemosensor, 2-(10-hydroxybenzo [h]quinolin-9-yl) quinazolin-4(3H)-one (SP55) was successfully synthesized in a two-step synthesis reaction and confirmed through characterisation techniques like NMR spectroscopy, FT-IR, and HR-MS. For the optical experiments, the ligands were solubilized with a solvent mixture of (8:2) acetonitrile and water, whereas the cation salts were dissolved in water. The absorption studies ensure sensitivity only to Ru3+, Ir3+, Th4+, and uranyl nitrate (UO22+), compared to other cations. The absorption and emission tests indicated that the emission intensified on adding Ru³⁺, Ir³⁺, Th⁴⁺, and uranyl nitrate (UO₂²⁺) ions with blue shift and absorption also intensified but with red shift The limit of detection (LoD) was 0.44 nM for Ru³⁺, 2.35 nM for Ir³⁺, 1.64 nM for Th⁴⁺, and 1.99 nM for UO₂²⁺. The complex formation between the sensor and metals was confirmed using FT-IR, HR-MS, Job's plot, DFT, and ¹H NMR titration analyses. Furthermore, we used the SP55 chemosensor to detect Ru³⁺, Ir³⁺, Th⁴⁺, and uranyl nitrate (UO₂²⁺) in environmental water samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100357"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144597532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}