A review of haptic technologies for hardware-in-the-loop development

Retrofitting haptic technology into existing systems requires a thorough understanding of how haptic technology works. It is essential to select appropriate methods and devices to avoid accidents and losses. A comprehensive literature search was done to investigate haptic technologies over the years to understand their adoption and application. In the current work, the hardware-in-the-loop is of utmost interest, however, the control and software were briefly discussed. The sensors, actuators, and materials used to design haptic devices were explored. Furthermore, specific applications like the intended research, their drawbacks, and possible solutions are presented. However, flexible materials seem to be more versatile in their applications. This may be due to the flexibility, size, and ease of integration. The development of multimodal sensors and feedback was identified to improve haptic system performance.