Polish Journal of Otolaryngology最新文献

{"title":"3D-printed custom ossicular prosthesis - methodology of design and LDV measurements in a cadaver study.","authors":"Jacek Sokołowski,&nbsp;Adam Orłowski,&nbsp;Magdalena Lachowska,&nbsp;Alicja Gosiewska,&nbsp;Przemyslaw Biecek,&nbsp;Robert Bartoszewicz,&nbsp;Kazimierz Niemczyk","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.2703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.2703","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In tympanoplasty, surgical reconstruction of the tympanic membrane and ossicular chain is well-established; however, its hearing results still require improvement. Custom 3D printing of individualized ossicular prostheses seems to be an attractive solution for optimal prosthesis adjustment and better hearing results.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim was to design a custom ossicular prosthesis using a 3D printing method based on Cone-beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scans and assess the acoustic conduction properties of such prosthesis.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A cadaver fresh frozen temporal bone was used. Based on CBCT images, a new incus prosthesis was designed and 3D printed. Next, canal wall-up tympanoplasty was performed. The intact ossicular chain and reconstructed 3D-printed prosthesis chain movements/vibrations were measured with Laser Doppler Vibrometer (LDV) system and analyzed in detail.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The CBCT scans provided enough information about the anatomical structures. For frequencies 500 and 1000 Hz and 80 dB SPL sound intensity, collected velocities were higher for the intact ossicular chain than the 3D-printed ossicular prosthesis. The intensity thresholds for movement at 500 and 1000 Hz were lower in the intact ossicular chain than in the 3D-printed ossicular prosthesis. At 2000 Hz, there was the same intensity threshold value in the two measured circumstances.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It is possible to design a custom individually fitted ossicular prosthesis using a 3D printing method based on CBCT scans. The acoustic conduction properties of such 3D-printed prosthesis showed differences in movability pattern between the intact and reconstructed ossicular chain. More data are needed to analyze the acoustic properties of such designed prostheses in detail. The results of our experiment showed the 3D-printed prosthesis presents the potential to be an interesting option for conductive hearing loss treatment caused by chronic otitis media and the ossicular chain defects.</p>","PeriodicalId":42608,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Otolaryngology","volume":"77 2","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9321574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Variability of function of the Eustachian tube in patients with chronic sinusitis.","authors":"Sebastian Kocoń,&nbsp;Remigiusz Ziarno,&nbsp;Konrad Skórkiewicz,&nbsp;Agnieszka Wiatr,&nbsp;Maciej Wiatr","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.2702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.2702","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundThe Eustachian tube is a complex and inaccessible structure, which is responsible for the ventilation of the middle ear. The aim of the study was the assessment of an impact of chronic sinusitis on the auditory tube function. MethodsThe prospective analysis of 84 surgically treated chronic sinusitis patients was carried out. This study is based on preoperative results of impedance audiometry in correlation with the data from the medical history of chronic sinusitis, symptoms reported by the patients, results of Computered Tomography (CT) and the stage of inflammatory changes according to Lund and Mackay score. ResultsThe significant majority of patients of our study (65) had advanced auditory tube symptoms, while 4 patients suffered from symptoms significantly impacting daily life. In patients with chronic sinusitis the analysis demonstrated that tympanometry type B (12.67) and C (12.4) occured with significantly higher number of points of Lund-Mackay score than type A (9.2). In allergy sufferers type B of tympanometry was more often observed with characteristically bilaterally located inflammatory changes in maxillary and anterior ethmoid sinuses.ConclusionThe profile of chronic sinusitis patient in whom Eustachian Tube Dysfunction is more often observed, is as follows: Lund and Mackay score above 12pathological changes are bilaterally observed in maxillary and frontal ethmoid sinuses decrease of nasal patency nad postnasal dripAllergyoverusing alcohol and cigarettes, at least alcoholWorse result of Lund and Mackay score and the age of patients are 2 factors favoring the dysfunction of the Eustachian Tube.</p>","PeriodicalId":42608,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Otolaryngology","volume":"77 2","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9321572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detailed clinical characteristics and its correlation with the diagnostic test results in patients with defined Mnire&apos;s disease.","authors":"Agnieszka Jasińska-Nowacka,&nbsp;Magdalena Lachowska,&nbsp;Kazimierz Niemczyk","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.2701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.2701","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Mnire&apos;s disease is characterized by vertigo episodes with nausea and vomiting accompanied by aural symptoms. Diagnosis is based on clinical manifestation and sensorineural hearing loss confirmed in pure tone audiometry.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The purpose was to evaluate clinical features and audiological and vestibular tests in patients with definite Mnire&apos;s disease.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Seventy patients were enrolled in this study. The severity of the main clinical symptoms and audiological and vestibular tests were evaluated. The correlation between the clinical features and test results was evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>14.29% of patients presented complete clinical characteristics as the first manifestation of Mnire&apos;s disease. 50% of patients suffered from isolated aural symptoms during the early stage of the disease. The subpopulation reporting hearing improvement after vertigo attack (28.57%) was characterized by shorter disease duration than the rest of the group. A statistically significant correlation between disease duration and pure tone average was found. 17.14% of patients reported Tumarkin drop attacks in their past medical history. Neither disease duration nor functional level scale was different in these patients compared to other patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Mnire&apos;s disease is often characterized by isolated aural symptoms or incomplete clinical manifestation during the early stage of the disease. The correlation between disease duration and pure tone average confirms that endolymphatic hydrops evolution causes hearing loss. A patient&apos;s quality of life is a fundamental aspect of clinical assessment. No significant correlation between disease duration and functional level scale was found. Thus Mnire&apos;s disease should be considered an individually variable and dynamic phenomenon.</p>","PeriodicalId":42608,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Otolaryngology","volume":"77 2","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9321575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The importance of herbal medications in the treatment of rhinosinusitis in adults and children: an example of a five-ingredient herbal medicine","authors":"J. Markowski","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.2974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.2974","url":null,"abstract":"This review paper presents current recommendations for the treatment of acute and chronic rhinosinusitis according to theEuropean Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2020, EPOS 2020. A particularly important and new element ofthese recommendations is to emphasize the role of phytotherapy as a rational treatment method, documented by a randomized,double-blind placebo-controlled trial (DBPC). An example of rational phytotherapy of rhinosinusitis is the BNO 1016 formulationrecommended in EPOS 2020, known under the trade name of Sinupret. Each of the pharmaceutical forms of BNO 1016 coatedtablets (powdered drug; dry extract) and oral drops (ethanol extract), is produced on the basis of the same combination of5 herbal substances such as: gentian root (Gentianae radix), primrose flower (Primulae flos), sorrel herb (Rumicis herba),elderflower (Sambuci flos) and verbena herb (Verbenae herba). BNO 1016 has the status of a drug with well-establishedtherapeutic use, with efficacy and safety confirmed in numerous clinical and preclinical studies. Used in the treatment of acuteuncomplicated rhinosinusitis BNO 1016 has antiviral, secretolytic, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects confirmed inpharmacological studies. Importantly, the drug Sinupret can be used in different age groups and therapeutic regimens (monoand polytherapy), at any stage of sinusitis from cold disease to bacterial rhinosinusitis (in combination with other drugs).","PeriodicalId":42608,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Otolaryngology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45460702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Free microvascular bone flaps used for cavity reconstruction in the head and neck area.","authors":"Sławomir Piotrowski,&nbsp;Dariusz Nałęcz,&nbsp;Justyna Chmielecka,&nbsp;Barbara Gaszak,&nbsp;Łukasz Krakowczyk","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.2438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.2438","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The authors would like to present the possibilities of reconstructive surgery using free microvascular flaps with bone elements in the treatment of cavities in the head and neck area. The cavities in the presented article resulted both from resection of tumors in the head and neck area as well as congenital defects and radiation damage. The authors would like to discuss the difficulties that may arise during the postoperative period, including the maintenance of the graft&apos;s viability, the healing of the donor site and systemic problems. The article presents 33 reconstruction surgeries performed on 31 patients using different flaps, briefly describing their advantages and technical difficulties that may arise during the microvascular anastomoses. The authors emphasise the importance of a well-conducted qualification for the surgery as well as the need to discuss the course of the surgery and recovery and other possible treatment options with patients and their families. The complications that happened in the presented group and how they were treated are described. The authors discuss in details the 3 cases with different types of reconstructive procedures and draw attention to the importance of postoperative care consisting of the constant monitoring of the viability of the graft carried out by qualified personnel of the Otolaryngology Department and appropriately conducted anticoagulant therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":42608,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Otolaryngology","volume":"77 2","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9073900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polish national guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic otitis media with effusion in children.","authors":"Józef Mierzwiński,&nbsp;Justyna Tyra,&nbsp;Jarosław Szydłowski,&nbsp;Ireneusz Bielecki,&nbsp;Lidia Zawadzka-Głos,&nbsp;Wiesław Konopka","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.2436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.2436","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Otitis media with effusion (OME), is a common childhood disease and is characterized by long-term fluid retention in the middle ear spaces without signs of acute infection. Surgical treatment of OME in the form of a tympanostomy is one of the most commonly performed medical procedures by pediatric ENT surgeons worldwide. In February 2022, the Journal of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery published updated guidelines from the American Academy of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery for tympanostomy tuba in children between 6 months and 12 years of age. They are aimed at both otolaryngologists and pediatricians, as well as other medical personnel who are directly involved in the care of patients with tympanostomy tuba or are candidates for the procedure. The previous version of the guidelines was developed in 2013. With the cooperation of the Board of Expert chaired by the National Consultant in Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Prof. Wieslaw Konopka, PhD, during the VII International Conference &quot;Otology, 2022&quot; which took place on September 15-17, 2022 in Torun, the previously published recommendations and consensuses from other countries, both European and non-European, were analyzed and the task of developing new national diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations for OME was undertaken.</p>","PeriodicalId":42608,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Otolaryngology","volume":"77 2","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9321573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The analysis of reason for the presence and treatment of chronic inflammation of the paranasal sinuses in own material.","authors":"Natalia Ratajczyk-Socha,&nbsp;Jurek Olszewski","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SummaryIntroduction. . The aim of the study was the analysis of reasons for the occurrence and treatment results of chronic inflammation of the paranasal sinuses in own materail.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study was performed on 520 women aged 18 - 87 and 789 men aged 19-85, diagnosed and treated for the chronic inflammation of the paranasal sinuses in 2016 - 2020. The analysis was based on disease medical history, taking into account: gender; age of patients; type of symptoms; allergy diagnosis; probable cause of inflammation; type of anatomical anomalies; assessment of the advancement of lesions based on CT images in the Lund- Mackay scale; number of operations; histopathological result of the removed lesions; complications that occured after surgical treatment.ResultsThe study showed that the hospitalized patients were most often aged 41-50, 51-60 and 31-40 among women and men aged 51-60, 41-50 and 31- 40 . The results of allergological diagnostics among patients with chronic inflammation of the paranasal sinuses showed that women were most often allergic to pyralgin + ketonal + paracetamol + ibuprofen in 4.50 % , to penicillins in 1.07 % and to house dust saprophytes in 0.92%, while among men, positive reactions were found in 3.36 % for pyralgin + ketonal + paracetamol + ibuprofen, 0.99% for house dust saprophytes and 0.92% for cats and dogs fur. Absence of anatomical anomalies was found among 20.75 % of woman and 26.36 % of men, but most often they occurred in the form of nasal septal curvature and excessively dilated middle nasal turbinate. In the histopathological examination of the lesions from the paranasal sinuses, the following were found: chronicinflammation of mucous membrane, chronic polypoid inflammation, chronic cystic inflammation and chronic allergic inflammation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The main symptoms among patients with chronic inflammation of paranasal sinuses were: nasal congestion + rhinorrhea, nasal congestion + rhinorrhea + smell impairment and nasal congestion + rhinorrhea+ headache. The most common probable causes for chronic inflammation of nasal sinuses among the examined patients were: anatomical anomalies, allergies, irritant factors, including tobacco smoke. Depending on the assessment of the severity of changes in the paranasal sinuses according to the Lund- Mackay scale, it appears that medium and large inflammatory lesions prevailed in the examined patients.</p><p><strong>Key words: </strong>reason/cause, occurrence, treatment results, chronic inflammation of the paranasal sinuses.</p>","PeriodicalId":42608,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Otolaryngology","volume":"77 2","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9158015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinant of antibacterial failure in patients with head and neck infections with odontogenic source.","authors":"Hamed Gheibollahi,&nbsp;Sona Mousavi,&nbsp;Hossein Daneste,&nbsp;Mohammad Mehdi Taheri,&nbsp;Ali Peyravi,&nbsp;Amirhossein Babaei","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Odontogenic infections are polymicrobial in origin and can be life-threatening. Antibacterial failure is an important issue in the treatment of odontogenic infections. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with antibacterial failure in patients with head and neck infections with odontogenic sources.</p><p><strong>Material and method: </strong>This retrospective epidemiological study was performed using data collected from 229 patients with head and neck infections with an odontogenic source who had been operated on in Shahid Rajaee hospital from March 2014 to December 2019.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>123 (53.7%) patients were female and there were106 (46.3%) males. The mean age ± SD was 33.01±13.37 years (range 7 to 80). The most common offending teeth were lower molars (81.7%) and lower premolars (5.7%). The most common site of infection was the submandibular area (36.4%) followed by the buccal (20.4%) and pterygomandibular (17.1%) regions. The most common pathogen was Streptococcus haemolyticus. The length of hospitalization was higher (4.66 days) in patients with failure of treatment compared to those without it (6.00 days) (p=0.002). A combination of penicillin G and metronidazole was prescribed for all patients with failure of treatment compared with 57.6% in patients without failure of treatment (p=0.002). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding age, duration of illness before hospitalization, WBC, gender and history of chemotherapy, hypertension, smoking, pregnancy, alcohol usage, diabetes mellitus, the rate of fever, trismus, dysphagia, malaise, antibiotic before hospitalization, and surgical approach.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Possible determinants in this study were not associated with antibacterial failure. Further studies should be conducted to investigate this relationship.</p>","PeriodicalId":42608,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Otolaryngology","volume":"77 2","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9158011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinant of antibacterial failure in patients with head and neck infections with odontogenic source.","authors":"Hamed Gheibollahi,&nbsp;Sona Mousavi,&nbsp;Hossein Daneste,&nbsp;Mohammad Mehdi Taheri,&nbsp;Ali Peyravi,&nbsp;Amirhossein Babaei","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.2344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.2344","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>&lt;b&gt;Introduction:&lt;/b&gt; Odontogenic infections are polymicrobial in origin and can be life-threatening. Antibacterial failure is an important issue in the treatment of odontogenic infections. Aim: This study aimed to determine the factors associated with antibacterial failure in patients with head and neck infections of odontogenic origin.&lt;/br&gt;&lt;/br&gt; &lt;b&gt;Material and method:&lt;/b&gt; This retrospective epidemiological study was performed using data collected from 229 patients with head and neck infections of odontogenic origin who were operated on in Shahid Rajaee hospital from March 2014 to December 2019.&lt;/br&gt;&lt;/br&gt; &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; 123 (53.7%) patients were female and there were 106 (46.3%) males. The mean age SD was 33.01 13.37 years (range 7 to 80). The most common offending teeth were lower molars (81.7%) and lower premolars (5.7%). The most common site of infection was the submandibular area (36.4%) followed by the buccal (20.4%) and pterygomandibular (17.1%) regions. The most common pathogen was Streptococcus haemolyticus. The length of hospitalization was higher (4.66 days) in patients with failure of treatment compared to those without it (6.00 days) (P = 0.002). A combination of penicillin G and metronidazole was prescribed for all patients with failure of treatment compared to 57.6% in patients without failure of treatment (P = 0.002). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding age, duration of illness before hospitalization, WBC, gender, history of chemotherapy, hypertension, smoking, pregnancy, alcohol consumption, diabetes mellitus, the rate of fever, trismus, dysphagia, malaise, antibiotic before hospitalization, or surgical approach.&lt;/br&gt;&lt;/br&gt; &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; Possible determinants in this study were not associated with antibacterial failure. Further studies should be conducted to investigate this relationship.</p>","PeriodicalId":42608,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Otolaryngology","volume":"77 3","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41133047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Susac syndrome - A review of current knowledge and own experience.","authors":"Katarzyna Sikorska,&nbsp;Monika Woźniak,&nbsp;Karolina Dżaman","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.2288","DOIUrl":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.2288","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Susac syndrome is a rare connective tissue disorder. The pathology affects the small vessels of the brain, retina, and inner ear, and therefore the main symptoms of the disease include encephalopathy, visual disturbances, and sensorineural hearing loss. The aim of this article is to review the current medical knowledge on Susac syndrome and to present our clinical experience regarding this disease entity. In the paper, we are also presenting a case of a 25-year-old patient who was diagnosed with Susac syndrome on the basis of clinical presentation and additional test results. Susac syndrome should be differentiated from multiple sclerosis and other causes of multifocal brain damage as early diagnosis and treatment play a key role in later prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":42608,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Otolaryngology","volume":"77 3","pages":"20-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41172994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}