{"title":"(Re)considering Haugen’s model in the teaching and learning of standard Kiswahili in Uganda","authors":"Caesar Jjingo, Zainab Ali Iddi","doi":"10.1080/02572117.2022.2094084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2022.2094084","url":null,"abstract":"In Uganda, Kiswahili is a foreign language and is provided for as the second official language of the country mainly due to its growing importance in the region. While such an official status has significantly increased its teaching in post-primary phases across the country, the question on which Kiswahili variety or varieties to be considered in schools has remained predominantly undecided. As a result, given that the existing language-in-education policy is silent on this matter, the widespread use of various Kiswahili varieties has unceasingly and gradually flourished in the learning institutions of Uganda. This practice contrasts with Kaplan’s and Baldauf Jr.’s perspectives on schools, as formal sites for the teaching of a selected or standard variety of a given language. Employing Bowen’s document analysis techniques, this article primarily reviews postulations on the teaching of Kiswahili, as primarily outlined in the Uganda’s existing language-in-education policy. The review offers justifications to explore Haugen’s revised language planning model to purposely establish possibilities for (re-)emphasising the teaching and learning of standard Kiswahili in the Uganda’s education systems.","PeriodicalId":42604,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of African Languages","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44489629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Language visibility in the public space: the linguistic landscape of Masvingo, Zimbabwe","authors":"Vincent Jenjekwa","doi":"10.1080/02572117.2022.2094085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2022.2094085","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates the language situation in the public space in Masvingo Province, Zimbabwe, from a linguistic landscape point of view. The data consists of written information displayed on billboards, road signs and buildings. Data were also generated through in-depth interviews and documentary study. The theoretical underpinnings of the study are founded in the linguistic landscape and post-colonial theories. The study established the overwhelming dominance of English both in the cityscape and landscape. While Shona, one of the major indigenous languages of Zimbabwe, appears in a few instances in the form of proper names, most local languages are not part of the visible signs on roads, billboards and buildings in Masvingo. This gives English de facto status as the sole official language, regardless of the fact that the constitution of Zimbabwe officially recognises 15 indigenous languages in addition to English. This silencing of indigenous languages has serious implications for equity in language use in Zimbabwe. The study recommends equitable treatment of languages in the public space to ensure that the languages and cultures associated with all languages of Zimbabwe do not gradually die.","PeriodicalId":42604,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of African Languages","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43107285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Linguistic strategies used by the Ministry of Health and Childcare in Zimbabwe to sensitise citizens on COVID-19","authors":"L. Mutonga, Kudzai Gotosa, Victor Mugari","doi":"10.1080/02572117.2022.2094058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2022.2094058","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the use of Shona and English in COVID-19 pandemic adverts by the Ministry of Health and Child Care in Zimbabwe. Specifically, the research establishes and explains the significance of linguistic strategies which were used by the Ministry of Health and Child Care when disseminating information to reduce the risk of COVID-19 infection, spread and management in the print media. The purpose of the study is to demonstrate that language use in this context is an act of cognitive manipulation where the reader is strategically coerced to take up the message. The study is a qualitative research enterprise and it used document analysis as the method of data collection. Data is analysed using Discourse Analysis and conceptual metaphor theory. The study established that the Ministry of Health and Child Care employed metaphors, slang, code switching, interrogatives, translation and borrowing to guide interpretation and conceptualisation of information in their adverts. The study concludes that by using these devices, the ministry exploits shared knowledge and then appeals to cognition through interrogatives to subtly garner support, manipulate opinion and manufacture compliance through the adverts.","PeriodicalId":42604,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of African Languages","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47609516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cross-linguistic issues in the acquisition of Mandarin Chinese negation by Shona–English bilinguals at the University of Zimbabwe: implications for second language teaching","authors":"Achieford Mhondera, Tendai Mutepfa","doi":"10.1080/02572117.2022.2094074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2022.2094074","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides insights into the nature of the transitional language during the acquisition of Mandarin Chinese as an additional foreign language by students at the University of Zimbabwe. The students concerned are first language speakers of Shona and English as their second language. The article examines linguistic features apparent in the intermediate stages of the acquisition of Mandarin negation systems in a formal learning environment. In establishing this, the researchers employed discourse completion tasks, semi-structured interviews with learners and language instructors, and personal reports as methods of gathering data. Secondary sources, including Mandarin textbooks and Mandarin language instructors, were also consulted to assist in error identification, description and explanation. From the findings, it is apparent that, during the acquisition of Mandarin negation, the intermediate stages can be characterised by a complex system of rules and syntactic-semantic permutations which are independent of both the target language and of previously-acquired languages. The research contributes to an understanding of the development of learner’s language during the acquisition of a typologically-dissimilar foreign additional language, and has further implications for solving problems in foreign language teaching and learning.","PeriodicalId":42604,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of African Languages","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44039555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Is Khelobedu a language or a dialect?","authors":"T. Rakgogo, I. P. Mandende","doi":"10.1080/02572117.2022.2094049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2022.2094049","url":null,"abstract":"The primary aim of this article is to investigate whether Khelobedu should be considered a language in its own right or whether it has correctly been classified as one of the dialects of Sepedi, referred to in Section 6(1) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, as Sepedi, one of the 11 official languages of South Africa. The article was initiated by a dialectal controversy surrounding the politics of dialects and languages in South Africa. Dialectology as a conceptual framework was considered as the body of theory that guides this article and buttresses the authors’ point of view. The article is purely qualitative in nature and employed content analysis supplemented by focus group interviews with members of the Modjadji Traditional Council and face-to-face interviews with 20 university students who ethnically identified themselves as Balobedu. Participants for the article were purposively selected based on their proficiency and knowledge about the researched phenomenon as articulated by Creswell and Creswell. Based on lexical dissimilarities realised between Khelobedu and Sepedi, the article concludes that Khelobedu is not a dialect, but a language on its own. The findings reveal that the decision to classify Khelobedu as a dialect of Sepedi was meant to accommodate the administrative system of the apartheid regime, being a purely political exercise which lacked transparency, consultation and a linguistic justification. It is further found that decisions about whether speech forms constitute an independent language or a dialect are based on language ideology and not on linguistic criteria.","PeriodicalId":42604,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of African Languages","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41902113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"When prepositions and adverbs become nouns and locatives in Xitsonga","authors":"S. J. Kubayi","doi":"10.1080/02572117.2022.2094082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2022.2094082","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to clarify the lexical category membership of noun classes 16, 17 and 18 in Xitsonga. These noun classes can be described as both nominal and locational, but also have constrained membership. The study follows a criterion-based approach rather than a traditionalist definitional approach. In terms of their translation equivalents, the study finds that these noun classes constitute prepositions and adverbs. Morphologically, the prepositions take two parallel structures with the same functional properties. In relation to their syntactical distribution, the prepositions seem to co-occur meaningfully with other prepositions in order to form bound prepositions. It is observed that none of the members of these classes is a noun or a locative, prompting the conclusion that noun classes 16, 17 and 18 are non-existent in Xitsonga. It appears that the lexical category membership of these noun classes has been taken for granted as locative classes. Further research should be conducted in order to develop a deeper understanding of lexical category membership of these ‘noun classes’ across the Bantu languages.","PeriodicalId":42604,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of African Languages","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48031146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nickname creation through shortening Setswana personal names","authors":"Thapelo J Otlogetswe, Goabilwe N Ramaeba","doi":"10.1080/02572117.2022.2094052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2022.2094052","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the changing patterns of nickname formation among the Batswana people. It argues that traditionally, Setswana nicknames were formed in line with Setswana phonotactics. However, with the influence of English, which has official status in Botswana, South Africa and Zimbabwe, Setswana nicknames are now formed by shortening them in line with English phonotactics. The data for this study were collected from social media. Eight different strategies of nickname formation which all follow English phonotactics are identified and discussed. The study uses a Zipfian hypothesis to explain the shortening of Setswana names. It argues that names are shortened to create nicknames because of their frequency of usage in line with the Zipfian law of abbreviation.","PeriodicalId":42604,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of African Languages","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43466286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stylistic elements in the praise poetry of Chief Adolphus Munamuna, ọụbẹbẹ kẹnị Ịjọ ibe (the chief oral poet of the Ịjọ nation)","authors":"Imomotimi Armstrong","doi":"10.1080/02572117.2022.2094089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2022.2094089","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on the language of the praise poetry of Chief Adolphus Munamuna of the Ịzọn ethnic group, located in Nigeria’s oil-rich Niger Delta region. It examines the extent to which the Ịjọ bard makes use of such stylistic devices as parallelism, ideophone, praise title, metaphor, simile, alliteration, assonance, and personification, amongst others. The article points out that the Otuan-born poet deliberately contrives elements of style to achieve balance, develop ideas and build up his chants. Moreover, the article highlights that some of the stylistic devices add drama and liveliness to the performances of the bard. In addition, the poetic qualities provide a musical element to the chants, as well as vividness to the events described.","PeriodicalId":42604,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of African Languages","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43152789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Theory of ethnicity and its utility in understanding the basis of cultural homogeneity of African societies: the case of Sotho groups","authors":"Thato Mabolaeng Monyakane","doi":"10.1080/02572117.2022.2094063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2022.2094063","url":null,"abstract":"The Basotho, Batswana and Bapedi are found in many parts of southern Africa and appear as dissimilar groups that do not have a common heritage or any shared links. The Batswana are from the North West province in South Africa and Botswana; the Bapedi from the Northern provinces of South Africa and the Basotho from Lesotho and the Free State province of South Africa. However, they are classified as belonging to one Sotho group in the literature of heritage studies. Matšela and Moletsane declare that the Sotho people are related, indicating similar cultural roots and origin. The central focus of this article is to analyse the abovementioned scholars’ view in explaining the Sotho. They allude to the extensive writings of Gellner and Smith about the similarity of a people. The purpose of the study is to place Gellner and Smith’s theories as central in African languages. Although these theories originate in international relations, their argument is that oral literature (stories, proverbs, songs) seeks to indicate a common heritage across groups of people. The study seeks to expand the potential of Matšela and Moletsane’s views in explaining similar people in African languages.","PeriodicalId":42604,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of African Languages","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44512087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}