Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research最新文献

{"title":"Research progress and application prospects of flexible wearable sensor in spacesuit","authors":"Aiming Bu ,&nbsp;Wanxin Zhang ,&nbsp;Qian Ran ,&nbsp;Dongyue Liu ,&nbsp;Jialu Ma ,&nbsp;Rongqing Wang ,&nbsp;Kun Shang ,&nbsp;Hongrui Yang ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Mei","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100750","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100750","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spacesuit provide the basic life support for astronauts in the space environment. Astronauts in extravehicular operations need spacesuit for pressure to form a vacuum protection. However the suit pressure caused greater joint activity resistance impact on the operation of astronauts. The wearable sensors have drawn more and more attention because its operations are simple and real-time detections are available. It can realize the benefits of heart rate, breathing, sweat, action recognition and date acquisition, etc. The joint resistance characteristics of spacesuit is revealed under pressure were studied by wearing flexible wearable sensors, which provides a theoretical basis for improving the performance of spacesuit. Based on the above problems, this paper summarizes the latest research progress of wearable flexible sensor category and application of different types of flexible sensors. Finally, the challenges in the application of flexible wearable sensors in the spacesuit were discussed. It provides a theoretical basis for the research in related fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100750"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143349032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecularly imprinted polymers-based electrochemical sensors for tracking vitamin B12 released from spray-dried microcapsules during in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion","authors":"Seyed Mohammad Taghi Gharibzahedi ,&nbsp;Gauri Kishore Hasabnis ,&nbsp;Eda Akin ,&nbsp;Zeynep Altintas","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100759","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100759","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Highly sensitive detection of vitamin B₁₂ (VB₁₂) is crucial for assessing its bioavailability and diagnosing deficiency-related disorders. VB₁₂ with 87.69 % efficiency was microencapsulated by spray drying complex coacervation-based emulsions of Arabic gum and sonicated insect protein, forming 5.4 μm semi-spherical microcapsules with smooth or wrinkled surfaces. The optimized VB₁₂-specific o-aminophenol (AP)-based molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) film demonstrated efficient molecular recognition and significant electrochemical responsiveness, enabling VB₁₂ detection in PBS buffer with an LOD of 0.5 μM within a linear range of 0.5–10 μM (R² = 0.991). Surface characterization revealed remarkable property changes during sensor fabrication. A significant reduction in the hydrophilicity of the VB₁₂-AP-MIP film after template removal (TR) was observed due to the increased contact angle from 33.1° to 55.82° (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Morphological analysis using atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed the highest roughness (90.57 nm) for the VB₁₂-AP-MIP film, decreasing after TR (30.56 nm) and increasing upon VB₁₂ capture (46.04 nm). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed smoother, more uniform surfaces for MIP films than non-imprinted polymer (NIP) films, indicating the template's critical role in polymerization. The developed electro-MIP sensor exhibited good template-selectivity and a 15-day storage stability at 4 °C. The electrochemical VB₁₂-AP-MIP sensor successfully detected VB₁₂ in digested microcapsules under simulated salivary (3.30 ± 0.46 μM), gastric (64.87 ± 2.66 μM), and intestinal (76.68 ± 2.16 μM) conditions. The VB₁₂ analysis using HPLC and UV–Vis spectrophotometry showed that the electro-MIP sensor outcomes were comparable to those obtained with HPLC. The developed electro-MIP sensor would be a promising tool for determining VB₁₂ levels in complex biological samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100759"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143387614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A robust and highly sensitive electrochemical probe for detection of trace levels of NH3/NH4+ in water based on Berthelot's reaction","authors":"H. Alwael ,&nbsp;A.S. Alharthi ,&nbsp;A. Alsolami ,&nbsp;M. Oubaha ,&nbsp;B. Duffy ,&nbsp;R.M. Elshafey ,&nbsp;M.S. El-Shahawi","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100760","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100760","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional spectrochemical methods for quantifying NH₃/NH₄⁺ based on the colored oxidation product of Berthelot or Nessler reactions, face challenges due to spectral overlap, auto-self absorbance, background scattering noise and high limits of detection. Thus, the current study introduces a new electrochemical sensing platform utilizing an <em>ex-situ</em> Bi film-plated glassy carbon electrode (BiF/GCE) combined with Berthelot's reaction for detecting trace levels of NH₃/NH₄⁺ in water. The primary advantage of Bi as a surface modifier of GCE is its ability to provide a selective and explicit probe for NH₃/NH₄⁺ detection at trace levels. This platform employs an <em>ex-situ</em> BiF/GCE, square wave-adsorptive anodic stripping voltammetry (Ads SW-ASV), and the oxidation product of Berthelot's reaction for precise indirect detection of NH₃/NH₄⁺ in aqueous solutions at pH 10–11. The probe demonstrated excellent electrochemical performance for NH₃/NH₄⁺ detection over a concentration range of 3.2 nM to 20.0 μM, with detection and quantitation limits of 0.95 and 3.2 nM, respectively. It showed good selectivity towards detection of NH₃/NH₄⁺ in water with favorable repeatability (RSD = ±3.2 %) and reproducibility (RSD = ±4.1 %). The probe's measurements were validated against standard ion chromatography (IC) and microspectrophotometry methods, demonstrating high reliability for detecting NH₃/NH₄⁺ in environmental and Red Sea water samples. This assay is precise and versatile for ammonia detection, enabling measurement of trace levels of N-containing organic compounds in foodstuffs and their degradation products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100760"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143480001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy efficiency enhancement of ethanol electrooxidation based on zinc molybdate nanostructures in direct fuel cells","authors":"Asma Khoobi","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100769","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100769","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Today, environmental pollution and energy shortages have become two main crisis for future of the world. Also, the synthesis of novel nanostructures by sonochemical methods is a promising option because of their non-toxicity and environmental friendliness. In the present study, a sonochemical method was used to synthesis novel zinc molybdate nanopowders with different precursors. The synthesis of the nanostructures was performed using sodium zinc molybdate and different salts of zinc such as zinc nitrate, zinc acetate, and zinc sulfate, as a precursor. Also, the effect of instrumental factors containing sonication power and time irradiation was optimized by the sonochemical method for synthesis of the nanostructures. The characterization of the products was accomplished by various techniques containing field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The results showed zinc nitrate precursor can be produce homogeneous nanostructures in optimized conditions. Therefore, the nano-structured zinc molybdate compound was applied for modification of a carbon paste electrode (CPE). The oxidation reaction of ethanol was selected for investigation of the electrocatalytic performance of the nano-structured modified electrode. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry were applied for the electrochemical characterization as well as stability and repeatability studies. The nano-structured modified electrode showed an improved catalytic performance for the oxidation of ethanol than the CPE. Therefore, the nanostructures can show potential applications or directions for future work. The potential applications of the modified electrode in fuel cells, sensors, and energy storage fields can be considered and also suggest areas for further research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100769"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143463839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A label-free gold nanoparticles functionalized peptide dendrimer biosensor for visual detection of breakthrough infections in COVID-19 vaccinated patients","authors":"Naveen Kumar ,&nbsp;Ashutosh Singh ,&nbsp;Preeti Dhaka ,&nbsp;Ankur Singh ,&nbsp;Pragya Agarwala ,&nbsp;Kuldeep Sharma ,&nbsp;Anudita Bhargava ,&nbsp;Sandeep Bhatia ,&nbsp;Thomas Launey ,&nbsp;Rahul Kaushik ,&nbsp;Shailly Tomar ,&nbsp;Aniket Sanyal","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2024.100718","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2024.100718","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Given the global implementation of effective COVID-19 vaccines, which do not confer complete immunity, it is crucial to monitor the occurrence of breakthrough infections, particularly against newly emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants. Hence, we developed a label-free colorimetric assay using gold nanoparticles (GNPs) functionalized with a peptide dendrimer incorporating highly reactive epitopes of the nucleocapsid (N) protein. This assay relies on the tween-20 induced colorimetric changes caused by the aggregation of peptide dendrimer-coated GNPs in the absence of anti- SARS-CoV-2 N antibodies, and <em>vice versa</em>. Transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and circular dichroism spectroscopy analyses all showed the formation of a uniform and highly stable coating of the peptide dendrimer over GNPs. Surface plasmon resonance experiments have demonstrated a strong binding affinity for the peptide dendrimer and anti- SARS-CoV-2 N antibodies, with a <em>K</em>_D value of 525 nM. To validate the proof-of-concept, we have tested this assay on seventy human serum samples, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated high diagnostic sensitivity (88.89 %) and specificity (100 %). This approach opens up new avenues for the development of simple and rapid diagnostic assays for identifying antibodies against viral infections and other pathogens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100718"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing sensitivity with laser-scribed graphene interdigitated electrodes in water quality monitoring","authors":"Ceren Durmus ,&nbsp;Abdullah Bukhamsin ,&nbsp;José Ilton de Oliveira Filho ,&nbsp;Khaled Nabil Salama","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2024.100731","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2024.100731","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conventional methods for monitoring water quality are often time-consuming, expensive, and lack sensitivity, making it difficult to detect contaminants before they enter the environment. Therefore, it is essential to develop sensing platforms that address these issues and that are capable of performing on-site detection. As such, in this study, we developed an electrochemical sensing platform for detecting pharmaceutical pollutants in water, particularly paracetamol (PCM) and acetylsalicylic acid (ASP). By minimizing the gap distance between the working and auxiliary electrodes of laser-scribed graphene interdigitated electrodes (LSG-IDEs), the sensitivity of the sensors was improved. The developed platform was compared to a standard LSGE design, and the LSG-IDEs achieved an 18.6-fold and 70-fold improvement in detection limits for PCM and ASP, respectively. The system was tested with real wastewater samples spiked with ASP and PCM, demonstrating its effectiveness in practical scenarios. Additionally, the system was successfully integrated with an on-site detection device, demonstrating its potential for real-time, portable water quality monitoring. The high sensitivity and low-cost of LSG-IDEs make them a suitable option for the monitoring of water quality and protecting public health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100731"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive review on roles of electrochemical approaches in drug delivery","authors":"Ali R. Jalalvand,&nbsp;Mohammad Mehdi Karami","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100742","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100742","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The advancement of drug delivery systems (DDS) has significantly enhanced the efficacy and safety of therapeutic agents addressing limitations such as poor bioavailability and non-specific distribution associated with traditional methods. This article provides a comprehensive review of the role of electrochemical approaches in DDS, highlighting their precision, minimally invasive nature and ability to provide targeted and localized therapy. Electrochemical methods including voltammetry, amperometry and potentiometry offer unparalleled control over drug release kinetics and distribution, presenting significant advantages for the treatment of chronic and complex diseases like cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and neurological conditions. The integration of biotechnology, materials science and nanotechnology has led to the development of sophisticated DDS that respond to specific biological signals. This review discusses the fundamental principles of electrochemistry, various electrochemical techniques, and their applications in DDS alongside current innovations and future research directions in the field. The potential of electrochemical approaches to revolutionize drug delivery by providing precise, controlled, and targeted therapeutic interventions is emphasized, underscoring their growing importance in personalized medicine and future biomedical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100742"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143164213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-sensitivity creatine detection using doped ZnO nanoribbon biosensors: A density functional theory approach","authors":"A. Shahriyari ,&nbsp;Sh. Bagherzadeh-Nobari ,&nbsp;M. Yousefizad ,&nbsp;N. Manavizadeh ,&nbsp;H. Pourfarzad ,&nbsp;Z. GolshanBafghi ,&nbsp;H. Ahmadi ,&nbsp;F. Gholipour","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100767","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100767","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Determining creatine concentration in the liver and kidneys is crucial for diagnosing health status due to its role as a significant biomarker in biosynthesis and muscle energy metabolism. This study proposes a two-terminal device made of hydrogen-passivated armchair ZnO nanoribbons connected between ZnO nanoribbon electrodes to explore its potential as a creatine biosensor. Using Transiesta, Tbtrans, and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations, the study evaluates the sensing capabilities of doped AZnONR for the first time. It involves hydrogen passivation, detailed doping analysis, and the assessment of electronic structure and adsorption properties to optimize biosensor performance. Measurements of PDOS, transmission coefficient, conductance, charge transfer, and electrostatic potential elucidate detection mechanisms, focusing on Al, Ga, and N doping effects. Findings reveal that creatine adsorption leads to the disappearance of some states near the conduction band edge due to charge transfer from the Al-doped ZnO nanoribbon. The projected density of states and transmission shift to higher energies because of creatine's negative electrostatic gating effect, significantly reducing transmission at 0.7 eV. A gate voltage of 0.7 V drastically alters the device's conductance, enabling creatine detection with 99.9 % sensitivity. The study highlights Al-doped ZnO nanoribbons' potential as highly sensitive creatine biosensors with an adsorption energy of −3.07 eV.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100767"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143474276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemical aptasensor for ultrasensitive detection of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) using gold-modified SPCE","authors":"Serly Zuliska ,&nbsp;Irkham ,&nbsp;Salma Nur Zakiyyah ,&nbsp;Yeni Wahyuni Hartati ,&nbsp;Yasuaki Einaga ,&nbsp;Iman Permana Maksum","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100765","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100765","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate monitoring of diabetes mellitus (DM) biomarkers, particularly glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), is essential for assessing long-term blood glucose control, optimizing therapeutic strategies, and preventing diabetes-related complications. To enhance the efficiency of this monitoring, electrochemical aptasensors based on screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) modified with gold nanoparticles (AuNP) have been developed. The results demonstrate that the electrodeposition technique produces a uniform AuNP distribution and significantly increases the current responses of K₃[Fe(CN)₆] compared to bare SPCE. Aptamer immobilization using a streptavidin-biotin system via linker-mediated attachment exhibits high affinity for HbA1c, as evidenced by a significant decrease in current upon target binding.The analytical performance of the aptasensor shows a low detection limit of 8.34 pg/mL, with a linear detection range of 1 to 10⁴ pg/mL. Moreover, the aptasensor exhibits good selectivity for HbA1c over hemoglobin, glucose, and palmitic acid, with a selectivity value of 82.56 %. Stability tests indicate that the sensor retains 90.38 % of its activity after 70 days of storage, confirming its reliability for HbA1c detection. This study contributes to the advancement of effective electrochemical biosensors for diabetes monitoring, enabling early diagnosis and improved disease management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100765"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An integrated kirigami-patterned skin patch for multiplexed detection of inflammatory biomarkers along with transdermal drug delivery","authors":"Tanzila Noushin ,&nbsp;Nafize Ishtiaque Hossain ,&nbsp;Rhythem Tahrin ,&nbsp;Md Najmul Islam ,&nbsp;Shawana Tabassum","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100772","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100772","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Detecting, monitoring, and managing chronic pain levels in real-time remains a critical and challenging aspect of medical practice. Chronic pain is associated with an increased production of inflammatory biomarkers, such as Interleukin-6 and Interleukin-10. Accurately detecting the levels of these biomarkers with a highly sensitive sensor can facilitate real-time monitoring of pain severity and enable the administration of appropriate medication based on the patient's needs. In this context, transdermal drug delivery offers a significant advantage in pain management by delivering targeted opioids, such as Fentanyl, to alleviate chronic pain in a non-invasive and long-term manner. This work presents a kirigami-patterned skin patch that combines multiplexed sensors with a drug delivery module to detect inflammatory biomarker levels in sweat with high sensitivity and precision, while also enabling on-demand drug delivery for pain relief. By correcting response variations caused by changes in body temperature and sweat pH, the device ensures accurate sensing while maintaining strain-insensitive performance—an essential feature for wearable sensors. This system has the potential to significantly impact healthcare by providing an innovative, reliable solution for chronic pain management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100772"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143520993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}