Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research最新文献

{"title":"A data ensemble-based approach for detecting vocal disorders using replicated acoustic biomarkers from electroglottography","authors":"Lizbeth Naranjo ,&nbsp;Carlos J. Pérez ,&nbsp;Daniel F. Merino","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100741","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100741","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The relevant prevalence of voice-related pathologies underscores the need for robust computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) systems capable of supporting early detection and continuous monitoring. Electroglottography (EGG), a non-invasive technique measuring vocal fold contact area, has proven valuable in identifying and diagnosing vocal disorders.</div></div><div><h3>Problem statement</h3><div>Traditional diagnostic methods struggle with the dependent nature of EGG measurements within subjects, leading to challenges in managing within-subject variability and supporting multi-class classification.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aims to design, implement, and evaluate two ensemble-based approaches that address the dependency in EGG measurements. The goal is to enhance the detection of vocal disorders by managing within-subject variability and facilitating multi-class classification.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The proposed methods utilize replicated acoustic biomarkers derived from EGG signals. Simulation-based experiments were conducted to assess the robustness and effectiveness of these methods. Additionally, experiments were performed using EGG signals from the Saarbrüecken Voice Database (SVD).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Simulation results indicate that integrating replicated data improves accuracy rates compared to non-replicated models. Experiments on SVD demonstrated the robustness of the proposed methodology across different vowels in classifying healthy individuals, patients with laryngitis, and those with vocal fold paralysis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The data ensemble-based approaches developed effectively manage the dependent nature of EGG measurements, enhancing the detection and classification of vocal disorders. These methods can be applied to other data types where replications play a key role. Future research should focus on collecting comprehensive EGG databases and further exploring multi-class classification methods to solidify EGG and machine learning as a valuable tool for non-invasive assessment of laryngeal function.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100741"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of petrochemicals using photonic crystal fiber (PCF) in terahertz domain","authors":"Md. Anowar Kabir ,&nbsp;Md. Selim Hossain ,&nbsp;Ashik Muhammed Arman ,&nbsp;Md. Al-Amin ,&nbsp;Shuvo Sen","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100737","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100737","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with a hexahedron core has been introduced for usage in petrochemical sensing operations. The performance of the proposed sensor has been statistically analyzed in the frequency band of 1.0 to 3.0 THz. Pure petrol, kerosene, and diesel are poured into the hexahedron core hole. The Finite element Method (FEM) is handled for the simulation and precise calculation and investigation. The sensor utilizing PCF exhibits a relative sensitivity of about 97.80 %, 97.45 %, and 96.25 % and a confinement loss of approximately 1.88 × 10⁻⁸ dB/m, 1.90 × 10⁻⁸ dB/m, and 1.85 × 10⁻⁸ dB/m at 2.20 THz for all investigated Petrol, Kerosene, and Diesel petrochemicals. Moreover, effective areas are values of 7.75 × 10⁻⁸ m², 7.80 × 10⁻⁸ m², and 6.98 × 10⁻⁸ m², and the effective material loss for Petrol, Kerosene, and Diesel of 0.0066168 cm⁻¹, 0.0066955 cm⁻¹ and 0.0066988 cm⁻¹, respectively at 2.20 THz. Both 3D printing and extrusion can be used to create this photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor. In addition, this heptagonal photonic crystal fiber sensor will be used for biomedical sensing and various industry fields related to sensing sectors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100737"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface acoustic waves (SAW) sensor for the active detection of Microcystin-LR (Cyanobacteria)","authors":"Debdyuti Mandal ,&nbsp;Tally Bovender ,&nbsp;Robert D. Geil ,&nbsp;Debabrata Sahoo ,&nbsp;Sourav Banerjee","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2024.100724","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2024.100724","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cyanobacteria are a family of prokaryotic bacteria whose death causes the release of harmful toxins. Upon ingestion, these toxins produce symptoms similar to food poisoning and are dangerous to humans, as well as livestock. As there is no easily accessible way to remove cyanotoxins from water sources, thus detection before consumption is vitally important. In this article, we report a shear horizontal surface acoustic wave (SH-SAW) based sensor for the active detection of the microcystin congener, microcystin-LR (MC-LR). The sensing platform was devised on 36° YX cut-LiTaO₃ which is a piezoelectric substrate. The sensor system was designed based on delay line configuration and was actively coated with silicon dioxide as a waveguide layer for better mass-load sensitivity. Unlike conventional SAW, the sensing platform utilizes a 5-count tone burst signal, enhancing sensitivity due to its sensitive coda waves. Signal transformation and analysis were made for distinct detection in the frequency domain. The sensor also incorporates the functionalization of gold nanospheres for a high surface-to-volume ratio and enhanced degree of orientation leading to better sensitivity. The sensor detection limit was down to 5.13 nM. Further evidence was provided by selectivity analysis and the sensor could identify MC-LR from the other biomarkers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100724"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ternary metal oxide of CuNiCo2O4nanorods (1D) distributed on g-C3N4 (2D) nanocomposite for non-enzymatic glucose sensing application","authors":"R. Thenmozhi,&nbsp;R. Navamathavan","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100757","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100757","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non-enzymatic glucose sensing has a major demand in research community for developing a good glucose sensor. Because enzyme based glucose sensor has several disadvantages such as high cost, difficult fabrication process and instability. To overcome these disadvantages, transition metal oxides (TMO) with g-C₃N₄ nanocomposite are a good choice for non-enzymatic medium for developing a good glucose sensor. Transition metal oxide has multiple oxidation state, different morphology, high conductivity, enhanced catalytic activity and 2D graphitic carbon nitride has a higher stability. In this work, our particular interest in ternary metal oxide (CuNiCo₂O₄) nanorods (1D) distributed on surface of the g-C₃N₄ (2D) nanocomposite were prepared by simple hydrothermal method. The prepared nanocomposite was performed a basic studies such as XRD, FESEM, HRTEM, FTIR, XPS and an electrochemical studies using nickel foam as a current collector. Chronoampermetry analysis produced a sensitivity of 4368 μA Cm⁻² mM⁻¹ and low detection limit (LOD) 1.91 μM. The produced response time is 4 s. The measured results of the CuNiCo₂O₄nanorods (1D) on the surface of g-C₃N₄ (2D) nanocomposite could be a satisfied material for non-enzymatic glucose sensor.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100757"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143164217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Roles of nanotechnology in electrochemical sensors for medical diagnostic purposes: A review","authors":"Ali R. Jalalvand,&nbsp;Mohammad Mehdi Karami","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2024.100733","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2024.100733","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid advancements in nanotechnology have significantly enhanced the capabilities of electrochemical sensors, particularly in the realm of medical diagnostics. This review article explores the integration of nanomaterials such as nanoparticles, nanowires, nanotubes, and graphene in electrochemical sensors and their transformative impact on disease detection and health monitoring. Nanotechnology-enhanced sensors offer remarkable improvements in sensitivity, specificity, miniaturization, and making them ideal for point-of-care testing and real-time analysis. This review article provides a comprehensive information about the types and mechanisms of electrochemical sensors, the unique properties of nanomaterials that enhance sensor performance, and the diverse medical applications ranging from biomarker detection to pathogen identification. Despite the promising benefits, several challenges including technical, regulatory, and market barriers are discussed alongside potential strategies to overcome these hurdles. The ongoing research and development in this field promise to revolutionize medical diagnostics by providing rapid, accurate, and accessible testing solutions ultimately improving patient outcomes and healthcare efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100733"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143164219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-pot green synthesis of BSA-capped O-CQDs as an effective fluorescent sensing platform for sensitive and selective detection of promethazine drug","authors":"S. Viji ,&nbsp;A. Dinesh ,&nbsp;K. Radhakrishnan ,&nbsp;L. Srimathi Priya ,&nbsp;C. Sivasankari ,&nbsp;Madhappan Santhamoorthy ,&nbsp;Manikandan Ayyar ,&nbsp;V. Mohanavel ,&nbsp;Mohamed Hashem ,&nbsp;Hassan Fouad ,&nbsp;G. Ramachandran ,&nbsp;S. Santhoshkumar","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100756","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100756","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reliability in biosensing technologies is crucial for the accurate detection and measurement of target molecules, prompting strategies to minimise non-specific binding events that may result in inaccurate findings. This work reports on bovine serum albumin (BSA)-capped oxygen rich carbon quantum dots (O-CQDs) to improve the accuracy of promethazine sensing. The CQDs were produced utilizing a hydrothermal technique with apple juice as a sustainable carbon source. BSA-Caped O-CQDs improve their biocompatibility and stability in physiological conditions while also reducing non-specific interactions with other biomolecules. Several spectroscopic methods, such as fluorescence, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), were used to evaluate this enhanced specificity and sensitivity. Obtained results show that BSA-O-CQDs had higher specificity for promethazine Furthermore, their ability to resolve non-specific binding was assessed under simulated physiological backgrounds, demonstrating their promise for robust biosensing applications. This sensor method achieved a high selectivity with LOD of 0.2 μM from range of 10–90 μM indicating its suitability for precise promethazine measurement in environmental samples. The primary advantages of this technique include simplified sample preparation together with economic advantages which make it a critical instrument for public health monitoring as well as cutting-edge pharmaceutical research. Sustainable O-CQDs demonstrate the potential for creating environmentally friendly biosensors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100756"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143349030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress and application prospects of flexible wearable sensor in spacesuit","authors":"Aiming Bu ,&nbsp;Wanxin Zhang ,&nbsp;Qian Ran ,&nbsp;Dongyue Liu ,&nbsp;Jialu Ma ,&nbsp;Rongqing Wang ,&nbsp;Kun Shang ,&nbsp;Hongrui Yang ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Mei","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100750","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100750","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spacesuit provide the basic life support for astronauts in the space environment. Astronauts in extravehicular operations need spacesuit for pressure to form a vacuum protection. However the suit pressure caused greater joint activity resistance impact on the operation of astronauts. The wearable sensors have drawn more and more attention because its operations are simple and real-time detections are available. It can realize the benefits of heart rate, breathing, sweat, action recognition and date acquisition, etc. The joint resistance characteristics of spacesuit is revealed under pressure were studied by wearing flexible wearable sensors, which provides a theoretical basis for improving the performance of spacesuit. Based on the above problems, this paper summarizes the latest research progress of wearable flexible sensor category and application of different types of flexible sensors. Finally, the challenges in the application of flexible wearable sensors in the spacesuit were discussed. It provides a theoretical basis for the research in related fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100750"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143349032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecularly imprinted polymers-based electrochemical sensors for tracking vitamin B12 released from spray-dried microcapsules during in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion","authors":"Seyed Mohammad Taghi Gharibzahedi ,&nbsp;Gauri Kishore Hasabnis ,&nbsp;Eda Akin ,&nbsp;Zeynep Altintas","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100759","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100759","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Highly sensitive detection of vitamin B₁₂ (VB₁₂) is crucial for assessing its bioavailability and diagnosing deficiency-related disorders. VB₁₂ with 87.69 % efficiency was microencapsulated by spray drying complex coacervation-based emulsions of Arabic gum and sonicated insect protein, forming 5.4 μm semi-spherical microcapsules with smooth or wrinkled surfaces. The optimized VB₁₂-specific o-aminophenol (AP)-based molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) film demonstrated efficient molecular recognition and significant electrochemical responsiveness, enabling VB₁₂ detection in PBS buffer with an LOD of 0.5 μM within a linear range of 0.5–10 μM (R² = 0.991). Surface characterization revealed remarkable property changes during sensor fabrication. A significant reduction in the hydrophilicity of the VB₁₂-AP-MIP film after template removal (TR) was observed due to the increased contact angle from 33.1° to 55.82° (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Morphological analysis using atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed the highest roughness (90.57 nm) for the VB₁₂-AP-MIP film, decreasing after TR (30.56 nm) and increasing upon VB₁₂ capture (46.04 nm). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed smoother, more uniform surfaces for MIP films than non-imprinted polymer (NIP) films, indicating the template's critical role in polymerization. The developed electro-MIP sensor exhibited good template-selectivity and a 15-day storage stability at 4 °C. The electrochemical VB₁₂-AP-MIP sensor successfully detected VB₁₂ in digested microcapsules under simulated salivary (3.30 ± 0.46 μM), gastric (64.87 ± 2.66 μM), and intestinal (76.68 ± 2.16 μM) conditions. The VB₁₂ analysis using HPLC and UV–Vis spectrophotometry showed that the electro-MIP sensor outcomes were comparable to those obtained with HPLC. The developed electro-MIP sensor would be a promising tool for determining VB₁₂ levels in complex biological samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100759"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143387614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy efficiency enhancement of ethanol electrooxidation based on zinc molybdate nanostructures in direct fuel cells","authors":"Asma Khoobi","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100769","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100769","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Today, environmental pollution and energy shortages have become two main crisis for future of the world. Also, the synthesis of novel nanostructures by sonochemical methods is a promising option because of their non-toxicity and environmental friendliness. In the present study, a sonochemical method was used to synthesis novel zinc molybdate nanopowders with different precursors. The synthesis of the nanostructures was performed using sodium zinc molybdate and different salts of zinc such as zinc nitrate, zinc acetate, and zinc sulfate, as a precursor. Also, the effect of instrumental factors containing sonication power and time irradiation was optimized by the sonochemical method for synthesis of the nanostructures. The characterization of the products was accomplished by various techniques containing field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The results showed zinc nitrate precursor can be produce homogeneous nanostructures in optimized conditions. Therefore, the nano-structured zinc molybdate compound was applied for modification of a carbon paste electrode (CPE). The oxidation reaction of ethanol was selected for investigation of the electrocatalytic performance of the nano-structured modified electrode. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry were applied for the electrochemical characterization as well as stability and repeatability studies. The nano-structured modified electrode showed an improved catalytic performance for the oxidation of ethanol than the CPE. Therefore, the nanostructures can show potential applications or directions for future work. The potential applications of the modified electrode in fuel cells, sensors, and energy storage fields can be considered and also suggest areas for further research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100769"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143463839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A label-free gold nanoparticles functionalized peptide dendrimer biosensor for visual detection of breakthrough infections in COVID-19 vaccinated patients","authors":"Naveen Kumar ,&nbsp;Ashutosh Singh ,&nbsp;Preeti Dhaka ,&nbsp;Ankur Singh ,&nbsp;Pragya Agarwala ,&nbsp;Kuldeep Sharma ,&nbsp;Anudita Bhargava ,&nbsp;Sandeep Bhatia ,&nbsp;Thomas Launey ,&nbsp;Rahul Kaushik ,&nbsp;Shailly Tomar ,&nbsp;Aniket Sanyal","doi":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2024.100718","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sbsr.2024.100718","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Given the global implementation of effective COVID-19 vaccines, which do not confer complete immunity, it is crucial to monitor the occurrence of breakthrough infections, particularly against newly emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants. Hence, we developed a label-free colorimetric assay using gold nanoparticles (GNPs) functionalized with a peptide dendrimer incorporating highly reactive epitopes of the nucleocapsid (N) protein. This assay relies on the tween-20 induced colorimetric changes caused by the aggregation of peptide dendrimer-coated GNPs in the absence of anti- SARS-CoV-2 N antibodies, and <em>vice versa</em>. Transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and circular dichroism spectroscopy analyses all showed the formation of a uniform and highly stable coating of the peptide dendrimer over GNPs. Surface plasmon resonance experiments have demonstrated a strong binding affinity for the peptide dendrimer and anti- SARS-CoV-2 N antibodies, with a <em>K</em>_D value of 525 nM. To validate the proof-of-concept, we have tested this assay on seventy human serum samples, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated high diagnostic sensitivity (88.89 %) and specificity (100 %). This approach opens up new avenues for the development of simple and rapid diagnostic assays for identifying antibodies against viral infections and other pathogens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":424,"journal":{"name":"Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100718"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}