Etikk I Praksis最新文献

{"title":"Public domain as a master frame","authors":"Sebastian Haunss","doi":"10.5324/EIP.V10I1.1969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5324/EIP.V10I1.1969","url":null,"abstract":"In a widely cited article Boyle suggests that a movement against the growing propertization of knowledge should develop a mobilization frame centered around the idea of the public domain. Based on an analysis of the framing strategies in the two most important protest mobilizations against extensive intellectual property rights I discuss whether and to which degree these movements did actually put the concept of the public domain at the center of their argumentation. The article uses political claims analysis and discourse analysis to show that the actual framing strategies relied on other frames. It closes with a discussion, explaining why the idea of the public domain is essentially a defensive concept with a limited potential for movements that primarily address the production of knowledge.","PeriodicalId":42362,"journal":{"name":"Etikk I Praksis","volume":"10 1","pages":"45-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2016-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70781284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A self-defense guide against situational pressure in organizations","authors":"Knut Jørgen Vie","doi":"10.5324/EIP.V10I1.1970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5324/EIP.V10I1.1970","url":null,"abstract":"Book review of Oyvind Kvalnes: Moral reasoning at work: Rethinking ethics in organizations . Palgrave Macmillan, 2015. 108 pages. First published online: 22 MARCH 2016","PeriodicalId":42362,"journal":{"name":"Etikk I Praksis","volume":"25 1","pages":"105-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2016-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70781290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Between 250 years of free information and 20 years of EU and Internet","authors":"Inger Österdahl","doi":"10.5324/EIP.V10I1.1950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5324/EIP.V10I1.1950","url":null,"abstract":"The right of access to documents is constitutionally based in Sweden and has a long history. The right of access is considered crucial to Swedish democracy.  On entering the EU in 1995, Sweden declared that public access to official records forms part of Sweden’s constitutional, political and cultural heritage.  The members of the EU for their part declared that they took it for granted that Sweden would fully comply with Community, now Union, law with respect to openness and transparency. Sweden continues to push for transparency when EU legislation potentially containing secrecy clauses is negotiated in the EU.  It turns out, however, that the EU membership does pose challenges to the strong Swedish right of access to documents. The protection of personal data is controversial in Sweden to the extent that the stricter EU legislation clashes with the traditionally weak protection of privacy in Swedish law; the right of access to information has largely overridden the right to privacy. Large amounts of publicly available personal data, amassed in data bases by private actors, for commercial reasons but under the protection of the Swedish constitution, is causing problems especially since the Swedish constitutional law is considered, by Sweden, to precede EU legislation in the field. Sweden will somehow have to solve the dilemmas caused by the differing traditions of transparency between itself and other members of the EU and of other international organizations. Many answers – perhaps converging - will be provided in 2016 by Swedish official inquiries and the EU Regulation. Article first published online: 22 MARCH 2016","PeriodicalId":42362,"journal":{"name":"Etikk I Praksis","volume":"10 1","pages":"27-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2016-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70781268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Law and algorithms in the public domain","authors":"D. Schartum","doi":"10.5324/EIP.V10I1.1973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5324/EIP.V10I1.1973","url":null,"abstract":"This article explains and discusses the relationship between traditional legislative processes and the development of automated government decision-making systems. The juridical aspects of systems development should be regarded as invisible quasi-legislation. The author investigates and discusses possible ways of changing the legislative process with a view to increasing and improving political involvement in processes today often regarded as mere implementation, and thereby safeguard that important parts of the law of our computerised society is situated in the public domain.","PeriodicalId":42362,"journal":{"name":"Etikk I Praksis","volume":"10 1","pages":"15-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2016-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70780909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public Domain And Democracy in the Digital Age","authors":"P. Mindus, Nils Säfström","doi":"10.5324/EIP.V10I1.1992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5324/EIP.V10I1.1992","url":null,"abstract":"This special issue of  Etikk i praksis - Nordic Journal of Applied Ethics  deals with the largely underexplored connections between public domain and democracy in the digital age and features articles highlighting various aspects of this broader theme.","PeriodicalId":42362,"journal":{"name":"Etikk I Praksis","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2016-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70780942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ethics of wild animal suffering","authors":"Ole Martin Moen","doi":"10.5324/EIP.V10I1.1972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5324/EIP.V10I1.1972","url":null,"abstract":"Animal ethics has received a lot of attention over the last four decades. Its focus, however, has almost exclusively been on the welfare of captive animals, ignoring the vast majority of animals: those living in the wild. I suggest that this one-sided focus is unwarranted. On the empirical side, I argue that wild animals overwhelmingly outnumber captive animals, and that billions of wild animals are likely to have lives that are even more painful and distressing than those of their captive counterparts. On the normative side, I argue that as long as we have duties of assistance towards humans suffering from natural causes, and we reject anthropocentrism, we also have duties of assistance towards animals suffering in the wild. Article first published online: 22 MARCH 2016","PeriodicalId":42362,"journal":{"name":"Etikk I Praksis","volume":"10 1","pages":"91-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2016-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70780889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refleksjonsgrupper i etikk: «Pusterom» eller læringsarena?","authors":"Siri Tønnessen, Lillian Lillemoen, E. Gjerberg","doi":"10.5324/EIP.V10I1.1844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5324/EIP.V10I1.1844","url":null,"abstract":"Siden 2007 har HOD og KS satset store ressurser pa prosjektet «Samarbeid om etisk kompetanseheving» i kommunale helse- og omsorgstjenester. Hensikten med prosjektet har vaert a heve de ansattes etiske kompetanse, og ett av de iverksatte tiltakene har vaert a etablere refleksjonsgrupper i etikk. Denne artikkelen er basert pa en evaluering av arbeidet i refleksjonsgruppene med fokus pa hvordan etikkveilederen, ogsa kalt fasilitator, beskriver arbeidet i gruppene. Hensikten med studien var a utvikle kunnskap om hvordan arbeidet med etikk-refleksjon foregar, samt a diskutere om maten det arbeides pa kan forventes a bidra til etisk kompetanseheving blant gruppemedlemmene. Vinteren 2012 gjennomforte vi fokusgruppeintervju i atte kommuner med ansatte fra ulike deler av den kommunale helse- og omsorgstjenesten, ett intervju i hver kommune, til sammen 33 personer. Data ble analysert og fortolket i trad med hermeneutisk metode. Resultatene viser at de i refleksjonsgruppene diskuterer alt fra verdier, begreper, fiktive case, dilemmaer til vanskelig situasjoner fra egen praksis. Refleksjonsmetodene varierer i spennet fra fri diskusjon til en strukturert samtale. Fasiltatorenes helsefaglige grunnutdanning og kunnskap om etikk og refleksjon ser ut til a vaere avgjorende faktorer for om refleksjonsgrupper i etikk mest fungerer som et pusterom, eller blir en laeringsarena for etisk kompetanseheving. Resultatene diskuteres i lys av laerings- og refleksjonsteori. Nokkelord: Etikk, evaluering, fasilitatorer, kommunehelsetjenesten, laering, refleksjonsgrupper English Summary: Ethics reflection groups: Just a “time out” or a learning arena? Since 2007, there has been a nationally prioritised programme aiming to enhance ethics competence in Norwegian community health care. One of many measures has been to establish ethics reflection groups. The purpose of this study was to obtain knowledge about how ethics reflection is carried out and if the reflection strengthens the participants´ competence in ethics. In this article, we focus on how the role of the facilitator, and the objective is to describe and discuss how the facilitator work and facilitate in the groups. We conducted focus group interviews with facilitators from various clinical settings in eight different municipalities. Data were analysed and interpreted according to hermeneutic methodology. The findings show that the discussions in the reflection groups varied from values, concepts and fictional cases to dilemmas and ethically difficult situations from the participants own practice. The methods used varied from free conversation to structured reflection. Competence in ethics and methods of reflection are essential skills facilitators must employ/have to run the groups. We discuss the findings using learning- and reflection theory. Article first published online: 22 MARCH 2016","PeriodicalId":42362,"journal":{"name":"Etikk I Praksis","volume":"10 1","pages":"75-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2016-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70780784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Å leve et menneskeverdig liv - Martha Nussbaums globale helseetikk","authors":"Odin Lysaker","doi":"10.5324/EIP.V9I2.1871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5324/EIP.V9I2.1871","url":null,"abstract":"Nylig igangsatte FN Post-2015, sin nye utviklingsagenda. Sentralt er en global kamp for bedret helse, hvor det a leve et menneskeverdig liv star i sentrum. Imidlertid er forstaelsen av selve helsebegrepet omstridt. Noen mener at det bor knyttes an til jus og menneskerettigheter, mens andre foreslar etikk og menneskeverd. Dette hviler i sin tur pa motstridende menneskesyn i den globale helseetiske diskursen, nemlig mennesket som enten autonomt eller avhengig. I artikkelen analyserer jeg denne debatten ut fra det jeg hevder er Martha Nussbaums globale helseetikk, som baseres pa hennes kapabilitetstilnaerming sa vel som begrep om ‘helse som livskvalitet’. Min konklusjon er at Nussbaums normative begrunnelse for Post-2015 ut fra et kroppslig forankret menneskeverd er det mest overbevisende av de to konkurrerende svarene. Nokkelord:  global helseetikk, Martha Nussbaum, menneskeverd, menneskerettigheter, post-2015 English summary:  Living a dignified life - Martha Nussbaum's global health ethics The UN recently launched Post-2015, which is its new development agenda. Central here is the global struggle for improved health, in which what it takes to live a dignified life is stressed. However, the understanding of the notion of health is disputed. Some believe that it should be linked to law and the human rights, while others suggest ethics and human dignity. Which in turn rests on conflicting stands in the global health ethical discourse regards to the view of humanity, namely either as autonomous or dependent. In the paper I analyse this discourse, in which my point of departure is Martha Nussbaum’s capabilities approach as well as her concept of health as life quality. This I read exactly as a global health ethics. Thus, I conclude that between the two competing answers, Nussbaum’s normative justification for Post-2015 on the basis of bodily grounded human dignity is the most convincing. Keywords:  global health ethics, Martha Nussbaum, human dignity, human rights, Post-2015","PeriodicalId":42362,"journal":{"name":"Etikk I Praksis","volume":"9 1","pages":"53-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2015-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70786360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Being a good spy: Legitimizing access to web-based observation","authors":"Ingeborg Grønning","doi":"10.5324/EIP.V9I2.1864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5324/EIP.V9I2.1864","url":null,"abstract":"Observation of online forums is a relevant methodological approach for researchers in several disciplines. However, ethical guidelines on such observations challenge the ethically concerned researcher. In this paper, I reflect on how I carried out my observation of an online weight-loss forum, and how I could have conducted it differently to meet ethical standards and the demands of high-quality research. After receiving approval from the forum administrators to observe the forum, information about my project on obesity was posted online. Some of the participants reacted negatively to my presence in the forum. This paper draws on the evolving discussion between researcher and participants on the complex issue of research ethics, particularly informed consent, in studying closed forums on the Internet. It is suggested that evaluating whether participants are harmed is more important than the public/private divide when considering whether informed consent is necessary.","PeriodicalId":42362,"journal":{"name":"Etikk I Praksis","volume":"9 1","pages":"19-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2015-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70785613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethics and collective identity building: Scandinavian semicommunication and the possibilities of Philippine ethics","authors":"Jeremiah A. Lasquety-Reyes, A. Alvarez","doi":"10.5324/EIP.V9I2.1866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5324/EIP.V9I2.1866","url":null,"abstract":"How should national societies build legitimate and inclusive collective identities amidst prolific multiculturalism and linguistic diversity? We argue that cultural ownership of particular ways of framing ethics should be part of this collective identity building process. We should avoid unfair domination of minority cultural identities, but how do we do this when ethical discourses themselves tend to be shaped by particular dominant identities? We look into the case of the challenges that a particular multicultural society, the Philippines, faces in its ongoing collective identity building project on three levels: (1) ethnic and linguistic differences (e.g. differences between Tagalog, Cebuano, Maranao, etc.), (2) the historical layers of foreign culture (e.g. Islamic, Spanish, and American) that have each influenced these distinct cultural identities in different degrees, and (3) the apparent domination of Tagalog linguistic culture over others. Our answer to the question of legitimate and inclusive collective identity comes from an inter-linguistic dialogue that can be effected between cultures by harnessing similarities of ethical concepts, without compromising cultural differences. We present three different possible approaches under the following headings: (1) Pilipino ethics, (2) Filipino ethics and (3) Philippine ethics, each representing a particular stance to the dominant Tagalog linguistic culture. We argue for the third option, which is the most inclusive because of how it equalizes the status of all participating cultures in the dialogue. We also draw from the possibilities afforded by the phenomena of Scandinavian semicommunication (Haugen 1966) and what this practice offers in making collective identity building more inclusive.","PeriodicalId":42362,"journal":{"name":"Etikk I Praksis","volume":"9 1","pages":"71-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2015-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70785680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}