Å leve et menneskeverdig liv - Martha Nussbaums globale helseetikk

Abstract

Nylig igangsatte FN Post-2015, sin nye utviklingsagenda. Sentralt er en global kamp for bedret helse, hvor det a leve et menneskeverdig liv star i sentrum. Imidlertid er forstaelsen av selve helsebegrepet omstridt. Noen mener at det bor knyttes an til jus og menneskerettigheter, mens andre foreslar etikk og menneskeverd. Dette hviler i sin tur pa motstridende menneskesyn i den globale helseetiske diskursen, nemlig mennesket som enten autonomt eller avhengig. I artikkelen analyserer jeg denne debatten ut fra det jeg hevder er Martha Nussbaums globale helseetikk, som baseres pa hennes kapabilitetstilnaerming sa vel som begrep om ‘helse som livskvalitet’. Min konklusjon er at Nussbaums normative begrunnelse for Post-2015 ut fra et kroppslig forankret menneskeverd er det mest overbevisende av de to konkurrerende svarene. Nokkelord:  global helseetikk, Martha Nussbaum, menneskeverd, menneskerettigheter, post-2015 English summary:  Living a dignified life - Martha Nussbaum's global health ethics The UN recently launched Post-2015, which is its new development agenda. Central here is the global struggle for improved health, in which what it takes to live a dignified life is stressed. However, the understanding of the notion of health is disputed. Some believe that it should be linked to law and the human rights, while others suggest ethics and human dignity. Which in turn rests on conflicting stands in the global health ethical discourse regards to the view of humanity, namely either as autonomous or dependent. In the paper I analyse this discourse, in which my point of departure is Martha Nussbaum’s capabilities approach as well as her concept of health as life quality. This I read exactly as a global health ethics. Thus, I conclude that between the two competing answers, Nussbaum’s normative justification for Post-2015 on the basis of bodily grounded human dignity is the most convincing. Keywords:  global health ethics, Martha Nussbaum, human dignity, human rights, Post-2015