Science of the Total Environment最新文献

{"title":"Suppression of carbon footprint through the CO₂-assisted pyrolysis of livestock waste.","authors":"Seungwon Kim, Hoyeon Cha, Taewoo Lee, Jee Young Kim, Jaewon Lee, Seong-Ho Jang, Eilhann E Kwon","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178615","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178615","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Concentrated animal feeding operation facility in modern livestock industry is pointed out as a point site causing environmental pollution due to massive generation of manure. While livestock manure is conventionally treated through biological processes, composting and anaerobic digestion, these practices pose difficulties in achieving efficient carbon utilization. To address this, this study suggests a pyrolytic valorization of livestock manure, with a focus on enhancing syngas production. Hen manure was particularly chosen due to its abundance of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) compared to other mammalian livestock, exhibiting distinctive thermolytic behaviours. The thermolysis of CaCO₃ in hen manure releases carbon dioxide (CO₂), simultaneously served as a partial oxidant for the carbon monoxide (CO) enhancement. To further evaluate the effectiveness of CO₂, hen manure was pyrolyzed under the presence of CO₂. The use of CO₂ demonstrated a gas-phase interaction with hen manure-derived volatiles, re-allocating the pyrogenic products into CO-rich syngas. To accelerate the reaction kinetics of CO₂, catalytic pyrolysis over a supported Ni catalyst was conducted, further enhancing CO-rich syngas. To assess the environmental advantages, the carbon footprints under various pyrolysis conditions were estimated by confirming the energy consumption and CO₂ mitigation potential of pyrogenic products. Therefore, this study highlights that the CO₂-mediated pyrolysis of hen manure globally generated offers a potential to mitigate 934.67 million tons of CO₂ in annual.</p>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"964 ","pages":"178615"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143035648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sources, levels, and determinants of indoor air pollutants in Europe: A systematic review.","authors":"Carla Martins, Vânia Teófilo, Marta Clemente, Mariana Corda, Jose Fermoso, Alicia Aguado, Sandra Rodriguez, Hanns Moshammer, Alexandra Kristian, Mireia Ferri, Belén Costa-Ruiz, Leticia Pérez, Wojciech Hanke, Artur Badyda, Piotr Kepa, Katarzyna Affek, Nina Doskocz, Laura Martín-Torrijos, Mehmet Oguz Mulayim, Cesar Mediavilla Martinez, Alba Gómez, Ruben González, Isaac Cano, Josep Roca, Simon de Leede, Susana Viegas","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178574","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clean air is a requirement for life, and the quality of indoor air is a health determinant since people spend most of their daily time indoors. The aim of this study was to systematically review the available evidence regarding the sources, determinants and concentrations of indoor air pollutants in a set of scenarios under study in K-HEALTHinAIR project. To this end, a systematic review was performed to review the available studies published between the years 2013-2023, for several settings (schools, homes, hospitals, lecture halls, retirement homes, public transports and canteens), conducted in Europe, where sources and determinants of the indoor pollutants concentrations was assessed. After a two-stage screening in abstract and full-text, 148 papers were included for data extraction. For particulate matter, carbon dioxide and volatile organic compounds, several emission sources were identified (occupancy, human activities, resuspension, cleaning products, disinfectants, craft activities, cooking, smoking), with ventilation, number of occupants, building characteristics, being considered as important determinants. This review made also possible to discuss some of the actions that are already in place or should be implemented in the future to prevent and control the presence of pollutants indoors.</p>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"964 ","pages":"178574"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143035681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What influences the distribution of microplastics in the marine environment? An interdisciplinary study reveals key factors driving microplastic in the North Sea.","authors":"Isabel Goßmann, Jens Meyerjürgens, Michelle Albinus, Cora Achtner, Brandy-Tiera Robinson, Andreas Held, Carola Lehners, Lisa Gassen, Samuel Mintah Ayim, Thomas H Badewien, Barbara M Scholz-Böttcher, Oliver Wurl","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178589","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178589","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microplastics (MP) are known to be ubiquitous. The pathways and fate of these contaminants in the marine environment are receiving increasing attention, but still knowledge gaps exist. In particular, the link between mass-based MP quantification and oceanographic parameters is often lacking. In this study, we aim to interconnect different parameters for the first time through in-situ measurements with an autonomous surface vehicle in the German Bight. It simultaneously sampled air, sea surface microlayer, and underlying water for analysis of MP and additionally, extracellular polymeric substances (only in water). These compounds, secreted by microorganisms, can interact with particulate matter, influencing their transport dynamics and aggregation behavior in the environment. During the entire sampling, a weather station and conductivity, temperature, and depth sensors were installed on the vehicle. Depth profiles were taken with an accompanying research vessel to learn more about the stratification and horizontal processes of MP in the marine environment. Additionally, an acoustic Doppler current profiler recorded water current velocities and flow direction. A relationship was found between wind direction and the presence of MP in the atmosphere. Furthermore, wind speeds may seem to increase heterogeneity in both the composition and concentration of MP in the water. A tentative correlation between extracellular polymeric substances and MP was documented. Investigating horizontal and vertical velocities of currents within the surface and the water column helped to explain the distribution of MP. Up- and downwelling processes corresponded to the accumulation of MP along density fronts and across depth profiles.</p>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"964 ","pages":"178589"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143035744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tidal-driven N₂O emission is a stronger resister than CH₄ to offset annual carbon sequestration in mangrove ecosystems.","authors":"Chunwei Fu, Zhibo Shen, Shiheng Tang, Fengying Li, Xin Quan, Yang Wang, Ya Zhuang, Jiasen Zhong, Jianan Liu, Jianzhong Su, Min Xu, Yu Han, Shuh-Ji Kao, Ehui Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178568","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178568","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The mangrove ecosystems store a significant amount of \"blue carbon\" to mitigate global climate change, but also serve as hotspots for greenhouse gases (GHGs: CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O) production. The CH₄ and N₂O emissions offset mangrove carbon benefits, however, the extent of this effect remains inadequately quantified. By applying the 36 h time-series observations and mapping cruises, here we investigated the spatial and temporal distribution of GHGs and their fluxes in Dongzhaigang (DZG) bay, the largest mangrove ecosystem in China, at tidal and monthly scales. The spatiotemporal variation of GHGs were mainly controlled by tidal-forced water mixing, outgassing and multiple biogeochemical processes. Tidal-driven porewater outwelling and sediment resuspension largely explained the excess addition of dissolved GHGs in tidal creeks. These lateral export combined with river input contribute significantly to surrounding water emission. Salinity controls CH₄ emission in river-tidal creek-bay continuum, with concentration decreased by ∼100-fold from freshwater to seawater sites. N₂O concentration was controlled by substrate supply for both nitrification and denitrification. Overall, the GHGs emissions in tidal creeks equal to 669-39,000 (7521 ± 6401) g CO₂-eq/m²/yr (CO₂ contributed ∼88-91 %) to atmosphere. In particular, CH₄ and N₂O contribute 8-366 (124 ± 78) g CO₂-eq/m²/yr and 59-2260 (712 ± 525) g CO₂-eq/m²/yr, together offsetting 8.7 ± 2.1 % of annual mangrove carbon sequestration, with a larger contribution from N₂O (7.4 %). Our findings highlight the importance of simultaneous quantification of non-CO₂ GHGs to accurately assess blue carbon capacity.</p>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"964 ","pages":"178568"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143027713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental impact of peat alternatives in growing media for European mushroom production.","authors":"Pietro Goglio, Thomas Ponsioen, Jaime Carrasco, Francesco Tei, Elsje Oosterkamp, Margarita Pérez, Jan van der Wolf, Nancy Pyck","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178624","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178624","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Button mushrooms are an important protein source with a production of >48 million metric tonnes in 2021. Several life cycle assessments (LCAs) have been employed in assessing mushroom cultivation. This paper assessed potential impacts of relevant alternatives (sphagnum moss, grass fibres, spent casing and bark) to peat as casing materials for mushroom production across Europe by using LCA using a cradle to farm gate approach. Here, we: i) compared the environmental impacts of mushroom produced with different growing media across Europe ii) identified environmental hotspots across the value chains of mushroom growing media and iii) provide insights on the sustainability of mushroom growing media production. Two functional units have been used the kg and € of harvested mushrooms. Data were gathered from mushroom producers and casing processors across Europe. Changes in casing material for mushroom production caused environmental trade-offs, by reducing the resource use for fossil and by moderately changing (<7.7 %) all other impacts assessed here except the bark used as casing material which caused a reduction for all impact categories. Thus, each of the casing alternative material could substitute peat in mushroom production with limited environmental impacts if productivity does not decrease. LCA demonstrated advantages or disadvantages of replacing part of the peat casings by other alternatives (e.g., sphagnum moss, spent casing, grass fibre, bark). As switching to alternatives becomes more urgent in the near future, potential trade-offs, advantages and disadvantages of using less peat need to be identified using a broader range of alternatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"964 ","pages":"178624"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143051307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blood cadmium levels of children aged 0-6 years in China: A national cross-sectional study.","authors":"Xinxin Zhang, Yin Lin, Yuqing Wang, Junxia Liu, Xinyi Cui, Yong Chen, Yan Wu, Fengxiu Ouyang, Xianting Jiao, Kang Cai, Chonghuai Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178410","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178410","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cd has no known biological function and poses significant health risks in humans. Children are particularly susceptible to Cd toxicity due to their higher absorption rates and weaker biological defenses. However, national blood Cd levels (BCLs) in Chinese children aged 0-6 years remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We employed a multistage stratified cluster sampling method to obtain a representative sample of 30,156 Chinese children aged 0-6 years. Venous blood samples were collected under sterile conditions. High-sensitivity quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS) was used to analyze Cd levels. The Kruskal-Wallis and the chi-square tests were employed for statistical comparisons. Strict quality control was maintained throughout the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The geometric mean (GM) BCL among children was 0.146 μg/L. Children in eastern and southern China had significantly higher BCLs compared to those in central, western, and northern regions (P < 0.001). Rural children showed higher BCLs compared to those in urban areas (P < 0.001). Among provinces, children in Hunan and Guangdong had the highest BCLs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We evaluated the BCLs in Chinese children aged 0-6 years and reported specific indicators of BCLs across various stratifications. Significant regional variation was observed, particularly between northern and southern regions. These findings prompt further discussion on the spatial distribution of BCLs and the potential underlying causes. Based on our results, we further propose reference values for BCLs in Chinese children and stress the urgent need for enhanced environmental control and remediation in regions where children are exposed to higher BCLs.</p>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"964 ","pages":"178410"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142998022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to \"Future air quality and premature mortality in Korea\" [Science of the Total Environment 865 (2023) 161134].","authors":"Yujin J Oak, Rokjin J Park, Jong-Tae Lee, Garam Byun","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178553","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178553","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":" ","pages":"178553"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143035881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geochemical fractionation and bioavailability of heavy metals in the middle gangetic plain: Assessing ecological risks in water and sediment systems.","authors":"Shailesh Kumar Yadav, A L Ramanathan","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178564","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Gangetic Plain, one of the world's most fertile regions, is vital to food and water security in densely populated areas. However, metal contamination in sediments and water poses significant challenges, owing to intensified industrial and agricultural activities and periodic flooding. The ecological risks imposed by metals in the Middle Gangetic Plain remain underexplored because of limited data on their bioavailability across varying sediment depths. This study examined the geochemical fractionation, bioavailability, and potential risks of metals in sediments using the sequential extraction (modified BCR) method and assessed pollution indices and health hazards in both groundwater and Ganga River. The results revealed a greater percentage of bioavailable fractions in younger alluvium deposits, which was attributed to elevated silt and organic matter. The metal concentrations in the groundwater were influenced by hydrogeochemical dynamics, sediment texture, and anthropogenic inputs. Fine-grained sediments enriched with organic matter facilitate metal leaching from sediments under redox conditions, serving as a key process controlling metal concentrations in groundwater. Pollution indices revealed that, although the average metal concentrations remained below background levels, As and Cr concentrations exceeded the recommended threshold levels within the upper sections of the core and at depths of 27-30 m bgl. Most water samples were classified as having unacceptable pollution levels. Health risk assessments have highlighted ingestion as the primary exposure pathway, with children particularly vulnerable to toxicity and carcinogenic effects. This study offers a framework for identifying and assessing the risks of multi-metal contamination in industrial regions with shallow water bodies.</p>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"964 ","pages":"178564"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143021585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A global review on perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in the riverine systems: Environmental behaviours and risks implications.","authors":"Muhammad Younas, Kifayatullah Khan, Maria Zeb, Muhammad Yaseen, Noor Samad Shah, Hassan Alshemmari, Yasar N Kavil, Saeed Saad Alelyani, Mohamed Hussien, Sidra Zeb, Di Du","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178596","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178596","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This review provides a comprehensive global overview of the occurrences, distribution, emissions, and associated risks of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in riverine systems across both developed and developing countries including the United States (US), Spain, France, Netherlands, Germany, Pakistan, China, Korea, Vietnam, Italy, and Japan. Data for this review were systematically gathered through a comprehensive and structured search process using various databases, search engines, and academic repositories to identify relevant literature and studies. Human health risks were assessed using recommended United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) models, including estimated daily intake (EDI), hazard risk (HR), and hazard index (HI) for each reported PFAA compound in the studied countries. The overall results revealed significant variability in PFAAs contamination from the 1950s to 2023, reflecting extensive industrial usage and increasing environmental concerns, with levels often exceeding the permissible limits set by environmental quality standards established by national or international regulatory authorities, agencies, and organizations. Among the studied countries, Italy exhibited the highest average sum of PFAA compounds (∑PFAAs) concentration in riverine water, ranging from 4.07 to 140.61 ng/L, with an average of 41.37 ng/L, followed by the Netherlands, China, Japan, the US, Pakistan, Spain, France, Germany, Korea, and Vietnam. Similarly, Germany showed the highest average ∑PFAAs concentration in riverine sediments, ranging from 40.25 to 213.00 ng/g, with an average of 126.63 ng/g, followed by China, Spain, the US, Pakistan, Vietnam, and Korea. Whereas, in riverine fish, Spain had the highest average ∑PFAAs concentration, ranging from 0.05 to 144.97 ng/g, with a mean of 15.94 ng/g, followed by Korea, Vietnam, and the US. From a human risk perspective, the highest average EDI of ∑PFAAs via riverine water consumption was observed in the dependent population of Italy (2.02 × 10&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt; ng/L/day), followed by the Netherlands (8.24 × 10&lt;sup&gt;-4&lt;/sup&gt; ng/L/day), the US (5.56 × 10&lt;sup&gt;-4&lt;/sup&gt; ng/L/day), Pakistan (3.99 × 10&lt;sup&gt;-4&lt;/sup&gt; ng/L/day), Japan (3.69 × 10&lt;sup&gt;-4&lt;/sup&gt; ng/L/day), France (3.42 × 10&lt;sup&gt;-4&lt;/sup&gt; ng/L/day), China (2.58 × 10&lt;sup&gt;-4&lt;/sup&gt; ng/L/day), Spain (2.43 × 10&lt;sup&gt;-4&lt;/sup&gt; ng/L/day), Germany (1.17 × 10&lt;sup&gt;-4&lt;/sup&gt; ng/L/day), Korea (6.01 × 10&lt;sup&gt;-5&lt;/sup&gt; ng/L/day), and Vietnam (1.28 × 10&lt;sup&gt;-5&lt;/sup&gt; ng/L/day). For fish consumption, Spain recorded the highest average EDI of ∑PFAAs (9.92 × 10&lt;sup&gt;0&lt;/sup&gt; ng/g/day) in its dependent population, followed by the US (3.44 × 10&lt;sup&gt;0&lt;/sup&gt; ng/g/day), Korea (8.13 × 10&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; ng/g/day), and Vietnam (4.99 × 10&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; ng/g/day). The non-carcinogenic HR values for individual PFAA compounds via riverine water intake in the dependent populations of both developed and developing countries were within acceptable limits (&lt;1). However, the HI values for ∑PFA","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"964 ","pages":"178596"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143035883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dramatic effect of extreme rainfall event and storm on microbial community dynamics in a subtropical coastal region.","authors":"Madeline Olivia, Clara Natalie Annabel, Patrichka Wei-Yi Chen, Chih-Hao Hsieh, Feng-Hsun Chang, Pei-Chi Ho, Chia-Te Chien, Chien-Fu Chao, Vladimir Mukhanov, An-Yi Tsai","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178560","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178560","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extreme weather events, such as heavy rainfall and typhoons, are becoming more frequent due to climate change and can significantly impact coastal microbial communities. This study examines the short-term alterations in microbial food webs-viruses, bacteria, picophytoplankton, nanoflagellates, ciliates, and diatom-following Typhoon Krathon in Taiwan's coastal waters in October 2024. Daily in situ sampling revealed a significant post-typhoon increased in viral, nanoflagellate, and Synechococcus spp. abundance. Furthermore, viral, Synechococcus spp., and nanoflagellate abundance increased by approximately 4.2 to 12.8-fold, 33.3 to 160 fold, and 0.5 to 9.4 fold in response to these weather events, compared to periods pre-typhoon, respectively. Modified dilution experiments showed that, before the typhoon, nanoflagellate grazing was the major cause of bacterial mortality, while viral lysis was the main cause of Synechococcus spp. mortality. Post-typhoon, there was a notable shift, with nanoflagellate grazing increasing mortality rates of bacteria and Synechococcus spp., suggesting that grazing became the dominant top-down control mechanism after the disturbance. Our findings suggest that extreme weather events shift microbial mortality dynamics, increasing the role of grazing in controlling microbial populations, with potential implications for carbon cycling in coastal ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"964 ","pages":"178560"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142998025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}