Asian Journal of Transfusion Science最新文献

{"title":"Safe blood, strong nation - The journey of India's blood transfusion services: Under Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India.","authors":"Megha Pravin Khobragade, Manas Pratim Roy, Ruchi Rao, Krishan Kumar, Madhur Gupta, Sunita Sharma","doi":"10.4103/ajts.ajts_263_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ajts.ajts_263_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Blood transfusion services are critical for healthcare delivery, ensuring timely access to safe and adequate blood for surgeries, trauma care, obstetric emergencies, and hematological conditions. In India, BTS has witnessed remarkable progress over the past three decades under the leadership of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. The system has evolved from a fragmented, donor-paid model to a nationally coordinated, policy-driven framework supported by legal mandates, national guidelines, and digital platforms such as e-RaktKosh, which have improved transparency, traceability, and operational efficiency.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study reviews policy documents, national datasets, and operational guidelines from 1992 to 2025. The key sources include National Blood Transfusion Council guidelines, National AIDS Control Program documents, and e-RaktKosh analytics. Descriptive methods were used to assess the trends in blood collection, voluntary donation, infrastructure development, and quality-assurance mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>India's annual blood collection increased from 12.6 million units in 2023 to 14.6 million units in 2024, with continued growth anticipated in 2025. Voluntary donation reached 74.55% and 72% of blood centres had component separation units. Nucleic Acid Testing expanded substantially, with 234 centres operational nationwide. Major milestones included the ban on professional donors (1996), adoption of the National Blood Policy (2002), governance transition to Directorate General of Health Services (2021), and implementation of External Quality Assessment Scheme and Voluntary Blood Donation Guidelines (2025).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BTS in India has transformed into a regulated, technology-enabled, policy-driven system. Continued reforms under the 2026-2031 roadmap aim to achieve 100% voluntary donation, strengthen quality standards, and ensure equitable access to safe blood across the country.</p>","PeriodicalId":42296,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Transfusion Science","volume":"20 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13290265/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148319791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of peer teaching in Transfusion Medicine among phase II medical students: Experience from a tertiary care teaching hospital of Odisha, India.","authors":"Smita Mahapatra, Kaushik Patra, Madan Mohan Majhi, Susmita Behera, Binay Bhusan Sahoo, Sabyasachi Acharya","doi":"10.4103/ajts.ajts_19_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ajts.ajts_19_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Transfusion Medicine (TM) receives varying degrees of attention within undergraduate medical curricula. Effective teaching methods can enhance knowledge of TM among medical students. This study evaluates the effectiveness of peer teaching as a method for improving TM understanding among second-year MBBS students (Phase II medical students as per Competency-based Medical Education-CBME Curriculum).</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A questionnaire-based descriptive study was conducted among 334 second-year MBBS students. Nine peer teachers were selected and assigned TM topics. Learners were assessed pre- and post-peer teaching sessions. Structured feedback was collected from both learners and peer teachers. Following peer teaching sessions, TM faculty conducted recap sessions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 334 second-year MBBS students participated in four peer teaching sessions. The mean presession assessment score was 4.31, which significantly increased to 6.19 postsession. Most students (88.59%) found the sessions enjoyable and motivating, with many (48.93%) indicating a desire to teach in the future. A significant majority of peer teachers felt well-prepared, but also expressed stress and the need for better preparation. All peer teachers reported enhanced learning and confidence. Key strengths of peer teaching included self-directed learning, enjoyment, and interactivity. A common area for improvement was better preparation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Peer teaching significantly enhanced short-term knowledge of TM among the participating medical students, as evidenced by a substantial increase in postsession assessment scores. The study demonstrates that students found these sessions engaging and that the peer teachers benefited from the experience by gaining confidence and reinforcing their own learning. This study suggests that peer teaching could be a valuable supplementary tool for improving student engagement and knowledge acquisition in specific medical topics like TM.</p>","PeriodicalId":42296,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Transfusion Science","volume":"20 1","pages":"164-169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13290270/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148319706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of diagnostic performance of transcription-mediated amplification with chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay in the detection of hepatitis C virus in dialysis patient group.","authors":"Sourav Chowdhury, Mohit Chowdhry, Soma Agrawal, Sanjiv Jasuja","doi":"10.4103/ajts.ajts_211_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ajts.ajts_211_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of the study was to demonstrate that ID-NAT is more sensitive and specific in HCV detection in dialysis patients than serological tests such as chemiluminescence. Second, to establish that ID-NAT results are more in concordance to gold standard RT-PCR compared to chemiluminescence.</p><p><strong>Materials and method: </strong>A prospective observational single center study conducted in the Department of Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology and Department of Nephrology, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi from September 2020 to December 2022. The blood samples from patients within inclusion criteria were run with chemiluminescence, ID-NAT and RT-PCR. Results were analyzed to determine the association between categorical variables and Cohen kappa values, to show the concordance between the gold standard and the ID-NAT and RT-PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The total number of subjects who participated in the study was n = 145 and were all Indians from neighboring states near to the institution. As reflected in the study results, among the 130 non-reactive results in CMIA, PCR showed 127 negative and 3 positive results. In similar manner, among 15 reactive results in CMIA, 13 were positive and 2 were negative in PCR (p value 0.001). In the present study, it was revealed that among the 129 non-reactive results in ID-NAT, 129 were negative in PCR (P value <0.001). Prevalence of HCV among patients with ID-NAT was 11.03% (CI = 6.44% to 17.30%). Similarly, the agreement of chemiluminescence with RT-PCR revealed kappa value = 0.819, whereas ID-NAT showed kappa value = 1, thus showing superior concordance to said gold standard.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study results confirm that ID-NAT is a more efficient and reliable test method compared to serological tests such as chemiluminescence in detecting HCV cases in immunosilent cases or cases in the immune period.</p>","PeriodicalId":42296,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Transfusion Science","volume":"20 1","pages":"156-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13290222/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148319720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paws to Pause: Trends in blood donor deferral rates due antirabies vaccination following animal bite: A 4-year retrospective study from a tertiary care hospital blood center in Delhi.","authors":"Rasika Dhawan Setia, Mitu Dogra, Amena Ebadur Rahman, Gurbachan Singh, Anumol Joseph, Vadad Khaliq, Sonia Joseph, Priyasha Prajapat","doi":"10.4103/ajts.ajts_92_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ajts.ajts_92_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>India faces a growing challenge of an increasing stray dog population and bite incidents, leading to donor deferrals. As incidence of bite-related deferrals is rapidly rising among the top primary causes of temporary donor deferrals, this trend poses a risk to an already constrained donor pool. Deferrals frequently lead to donor attrition, hence, understanding its impact is critical for blood supply management.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To analyze prevalence, trends, and impact of antirabies vaccination (ARV) following animal bite-related donor deferrals in a tertiary care hospital blood center in Delhi from January 2021 to April 2025.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>A retrospective observational study conducted on blood donor deferrals due to ARV.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Data were extracted from donor screening logs and compared with hospital emergency room/outpatient departments (ER/OPD) records of patients postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) with ARV during the same period. Trends in ARV-related deferrals were calculated and compared with % PEP-ARV cases in ER/OPD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During this period, 68,296 donors registered at our blood center, of whom 7094 (10.4%) were deferred for not meeting eligibility criteria. Among these, 528 (7.7%) were temporarily deferred due to ARV. The ARV-related deferral rate showed an alarming rise of 189.5% (3.8% in 2021-11% by April 2025), correlating with the rising number of PEP-ARV cases in the ER/OPD. Notably, only 1.32% of these returned for subsequent donation, indicating substantial donor attrition.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ARV-related deferrals are rising and significantly impacting donor retention. Revising deferral policies, enhancing public awareness, and integrating bite surveillance with donor data are essential to maintain the blood supply and address this growing concern.</p>","PeriodicalId":42296,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Transfusion Science","volume":"20 1","pages":"7-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13290177/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148319803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of therapeutic plasma exchange in paraquat poisoning: Our experience.","authors":"Mohit Chowdhry, Aashna Gupta, Soma Agrawal, Rashmi Jain","doi":"10.4103/ajts.ajts_219_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ajts.ajts_219_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Paraquat poisoning is a leading cause of fatal poisoning in many parts of Asia. It can lead to multiorgan dysfunction. It is actively concentrated in lung tissues leading to pulmonary fibrosis. The case fatality is very high in this herbicide due to the lack of effective treatment options. Here, we present our experience of a young female with a history of paraquat poisoning presented with acute kidney injury with acute respiratory distress syndrome managed symptomatically and using therapeutic plasma exchange as a treatment modality.</p>","PeriodicalId":42296,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Transfusion Science","volume":"20 1","pages":"213-216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13290272/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148319786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refractory pruritus in cholestatic drug-induced liver injury secondary to androgenic anabolic steroids: Plasmapheresis to the rescue.","authors":"Arpit Shastri, Ganesh Chandragiri Paranthamaiah, Anuj Gandhi, Ramesha Chinakarihalli Gangadharappa, Malvika Shastri, Suvradeep Mitra, Divjot Singh Lamba, Ratti Ram Sharma, Arka De","doi":"10.4103/ajts.ajts_223_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ajts.ajts_223_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs) have long been misused by professional athletes. Easy online and over-the-counter availability of AASs makes it an alluring option even among amateurs for their desired cosmetic and performance-enhancing effects. AASs have been associated with distinct forms of liver injury including transient transaminitis, peliosis hepatis, and hepatic tumors. An acute cholestatic syndrome with bland histology is another characteristic form of liver injury rarely reported with AASs. Plasmapheresis may provide a long-lasting relief of symptoms when conventional pharmacotherapeutic measures fail. Herein, we report a challenging case of a young male with refractory pruritus secondary to AASs, managed effectively with plasmapheresis.</p>","PeriodicalId":42296,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Transfusion Science","volume":"20 1","pages":"236-238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13290259/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148319798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rare blood group surveillance among medical undergraduates: Enhancing education, awareness, and donor database development to meet patient needs.","authors":"Bobbiti Manideep Reddy, Dibyajyoti Sahoo, S Saranya, Abhishekh Basavarajegowda, Rajendra G Kulkarni, Aparna Krishna","doi":"10.4103/ajts.ajts_44_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ajts.ajts_44_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Maintaining a steady supply of blood, especially rare blood groups, is a challenge for any blood center. This study aimed to assess the knowledge about blood groups and blood donation among undergraduate medical students. This study also analyzed the prevalence of rare blood groups, such as Bombay and Rh subgroups, such as C, c, E, e, and K, among undergraduate medical students for donor database formation for urgent blood requirements.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Transfusion Medicine of a tertiary care academic center from July 2024 to September 2024 for 3 months. The basic demographic details such as age, sex, weight, height, blood group, contact address and phone number, willingness to donate blood when required, and knowledge about the blood groups, were collected by circulating Google Forms. The blood grouping and testing for Rh subgroup minor antigens were done and further confirmed in the blood center by the test tube method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 580 donors expressed willingness to donate blood and were enrolled into the undergraduate medical student donor database. The distribution of Rh positive among the study population was 92.2%, and the rest were Rh negative. About 45 students D-negative undergraduate medical students were identified who underwent further extended phenotyping for Rh subgroup antigens, such as C, c, E, e, and Kell antigens. The prevalence of C was 11%, E and Kell was 2.2%, whereas the prevalence of e and c was 100%. No individuals with the Bombay blood group were identified among the participants in the study group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Majority of the medical students were aware of blood groups and were willing for voluntary blood donation. The knowledge of the prevalence of blood groups and minor antigens in undergraduate medical students facilitates a steady and reliable donor pool readily available in emergencies and can support the entire blood supply chain in scarcities and emergencies.</p>","PeriodicalId":42296,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Transfusion Science","volume":"20 1","pages":"173-179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13290176/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148319821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aliquoting of red blood cells for transfusion in pediatrics.","authors":"Satyam Arora, Seema Dua","doi":"10.4103/ajts.ajts_13_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ajts.ajts_13_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Small-volume transfusions of red blood cell (RBC) aliquots are a very common practice across the world; however, there is a lack of data on various strategies of aliquot preparation and their utilization.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A descriptive retrospective study, from January 1, 2022, to December 31, 2022, was conducted at the blood center of a government-owned children's teaching hospital in India. The study aimed to analyze the practices of preparation, utilization, and practice of various number of RBC aliquots prepared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 222 RBC units were divided into 591 aliquots with a mean volume of 98.4 ± 32.3 ml (median 100 ml; 2.66 aliquots per RBC unit). Out of these 222 RBC units, 81 were split into two aliquots (Group 1); 141 RBC units were split into three (Group 2) and 6 units were prepared into four aliquots (Group 3). A total of 577 patients (359 male; 218 female) were transfused (2.3% of aliquots discarded due to expiry). 85.2% (492 of 577) of children who were transfused these aliquots were <2 years of age. The majority of RBC aliquots (>80%) were prescribed by the department of pediatric medicine (35%). Groups 2 and 3 were aliquoted from significantly fresh RBC units (mother unit) compared to aliquots prepared in Group 1.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our data show a high utilization rate (97.3%) of RBC aliquots at our institute. Uniform practices in aliquoting practices will help us harmonize the data as well as establish best practices in neonatal and pediatric transfusion practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":42296,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Transfusion Science","volume":"20 1","pages":"22-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13290170/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148319739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of hemovigilance among doctors in a Sri Lankan tertiary care center.","authors":"Godawattage Dhanushka Arjuna Samaranayaka","doi":"10.4103/ajts.ajts_59_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ajts.ajts_59_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hemovigilance systems are considered a core component of quality control in transfusion practice. Clinicians play a pivotal role in the detection, reporting, investigation, and management of transfusion incidents. It has been demonstrated that improving the health-care workers' knowledge of hemovigilance invariably increases incident reporting rates. The objective of this study was to determine the knowledge, attitudes, and practice of hemovigilance among medical officers working at Colombo South Teaching Hospital.</p><p><strong>Materials and methodology: </strong>A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered prevalidated questionnaire with open- and closed-ended questions. All the doctors who gave informed written consent were included in the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred and eighty-five medical officers participated in the study, and the response rate was 82.2%. The knowledge of the participants was not satisfactory, especially with regard to the scope (11.9%) and the nonpunitive nature of the hemovigilance system (32.2%). Time constraints were the main factor that discouraged incident reporting (57.6%), and many (58.8%) stated that reporting should be made easy to increase the notification rates. Doctors who had previously been educated on transfusion adverse events were found to have better knowledge. A particularly lower number of respondents had read the national guidelines (2.8%) and annual hemovigilance reports (1.7%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Knowledge among the participants was unsatisfactory, especially concerning the scope and the nonpunitive voluntary framework of the hemovigilance system. Doctors should be made aware of the hemovigilance-related documentation and should have more access to continuous medical education programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":42296,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Transfusion Science","volume":"20 1","pages":"113-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13290239/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148319743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blood transfusion services in Nepal: An overview.","authors":"Purshotam Paudel, Bipin Nepal","doi":"10.4103/ajts.ajts_173_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ajts.ajts_173_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Nepal Red Cross Society (NRCS) and hospital laboratory services operate blood transfusion services (BTSs) in Nepal. Currently, 121 blood centers in 76 districts of Nepal provide blood donation and transfusion services. The NRCS is involved in almost 90% of Nepal's blood transfusion-related services. The society has established 105 blood service center units in 76 districts and blood centers in 40 hospitals. The National Public Health Laboratory serves as both a governing body for blood safety and a reference laboratory for screening for BTS in transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs). Different organizations, including government and nongovernment offices, education institutions, media houses, NRCS units (district chapters, sub-chapters, youth circles, and clubs), and other civil societies, support Central BTSs (CBTS) by regularly collecting blood. The country's demand for blood is rapidly increasing with the expansion of medical colleges, government and private hospitals, and nursing homes. In 2023, NRCS CBTS collected 262,439 units of whole blood nationwide and supplied 344,933 blood components to save lives. In Nepal, there is a lack of proper blood transfusion policy and guidelines. Although the national guideline for blood transfusion was developed and revised in 2015, it did not define a precise protocol for safe blood component administration procedures; instead, it focused primarily on the criteria for blood donation and donor selection. The licensing work is done by the National Bureau for BTS, which is governed by the National Public Health Laboratory and the Health Ministry of Nepal. While the drug controlling authority is not associated with legislation for blood centers, the draft policy for plasma fractionation is related to drug authorities and is under progress.</p>","PeriodicalId":42296,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Transfusion Science","volume":"20 1","pages":"184-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13290234/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148319757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}