African Journal of Neurological Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Homocysteinemie et accidents vasculaires cerebraux ischemiques au chu campus de lome","authors":"K. Grunitzky, K. Balogou, R. Barque-kombate, D. Kombate, K. Amouzou","doi":"10.4314/AJNS.V27I2.55086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AJNS.V27I2.55086","url":null,"abstract":"L’hyperhomocysteinemie est un facteur de risque vasculaire independant et modifiable. Sa place dans les accidents vasculaires cerebraux ischemiques est mal connue en Afrique sub-saharienne. Objectifs Evaluer la prevalence et les facteurs de risque vasculaires associes a l’hyperhomocysteinemie chez des patients a la phase aigue d’une ischemie cerebrale. Methode Il s’agit d’une etude prospective realisee pendant 12 mois dans le service de neurologie du CHU Campus, portant sur 145 malades victimes d’AVCI. Resultats Nous avions recense 90 hommes et 55 femmes soit un sex-ratio de 1,6. L’homocysteinemie moyenne globale etait de 19.33 μmol/l. L’homocysteinemie etait normale chez 44.1 % des patients. L’hyperhomocysteinemie moderee avait ete retrouvee chez 44.8 % des patients (n=65) et l’hyperhomocysteinemie intermediaire chez 11 % (n=16). L’analyse multivariee entre la variable homocysteine (patients avec hyperhomocysteinemie, patients sans hyperhomocysteinemie) et les autres facteurs (sexe, âge, diabete et hypertension arterielle) ne revele aucune correlation significative. Enfin 84.9% de nos patients etaient hypertendus tandis que 15.1% presentaient l’hyperhomocysteinemie comme seul facteur de risque cerebro-vasculaire. Conclusion La presence de l’hyperhomocysteinemie chez 55.9 % des patients souffrant d’AVCI impose une prise en charge adequate de ce facteur de risque vasculaire.","PeriodicalId":42149,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Neurological Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2010-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/AJNS.V27I2.55086","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70466414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prévalence de la migraine dans une population de travailleurs à cotonou au bénin","authors":"T. Adoukonou, D. Adoukonou, Kodjo Constant Adjien, D. Gnonlonfoun, D. Avode, P. Preux","doi":"10.4314/AJNS.V28I1.55127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AJNS.V28I1.55127","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction La migraine est une affection frequente ayant un important retentissement sur la vie socioprofessionnelle des migraineux. L’objectif de ce travail etait de determiner la prevalence de la migraine dans une population de travailleurs de la ville de Cotonou. Cadre et methode Il s’agit d’une etude transversale prospective realisee dans 5 milieux de travail de la ville de Cotonou. Elle a ete menee selon une technique de sondage aleatoire systematique a 3 degres et porte sur 938 travailleurs. Le diagnostic de la migraine etait base sur les criteres IHS de 1988 avec une modification sur la duree ou le nombre des acces (IHS + probable) Resultats La prevalence des cephalees etait de 24,8% (IC95% : [22,1-27,8]). La prevalence de la migraine etait de 8,9% (IC95% : [7,2-10,9]) celle de la migraine IHS etant de 2,3%, celle de la migraine probable de 6,6%. Elle est significativement plus frequente chez les femmes 20,8% (p<10-7) et chez les cadres superieurs 16,9% (p<10-5). La migraine sans aura etait la forme la plus frequente (60,7%) Conclusion Ces resultats suggerent une frequence de la migraine chez les travailleurs de la ville de Cotonou et imposent d’en etudier l’impact","PeriodicalId":42149,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Neurological Sciences","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2010-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/AJNS.V28I1.55127","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70467244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spasmodic dysphonia may respond to bilateral thalamic deep brain stimulation","authors":"M. Lyons, C. Adler, S. Bansberg, V. Evidente","doi":"10.4314/AJNS.V28I1.55154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AJNS.V28I1.55154","url":null,"abstract":"Background Spasmodic dysphonia is a primary focal dystonia manifested by loss of control of the vocal muscles during speech secondary to laryngeal muscle spasms. The pathophysiology is not well understood. Deep brain stimulation surgery (DBS) for other focal dystonias has been well reported. Methods We report the first case of bilateral thalamic DBS improving spasmodic dystonia (SD) in a patient with essential tremor. Results This case demonstrates the beneficial of effects of bilateral thalamic DBS for both ET of the hands and AdSD of the vocal cords. Conclusions The potential pathophysiologic mechanisms of this finding are discussed.","PeriodicalId":42149,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Neurological Sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2010-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/AJNS.V28I1.55154","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70467486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurological disorders in rural Africa - a systematic approach","authors":"S. Winkler, P. Mosser, W. Matuja, E. Schmutzhard","doi":"10.4314/AJNS.V27I2.55088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AJNS.V27I2.55088","url":null,"abstract":"Leishmaniasis in Northern and Western Africa: A Review Albert Kimutai 11.9999 Normal 0 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ \u0000 table.MsoNormalTable \u0000 {mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\"; \u0000 mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; \u0000 mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; \u0000 mso-style-noshow:yes; \u0000 mso-style-parent:\"\"; \u0000 mso-padding-alt:0pt 5.4pt 0pt 5.4pt; \u0000 mso-para-margin:0pt; \u0000 mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; \u0000 mso-pagination:widow-orphan; \u0000 font-size:10.0pt; \u0000 font-family:\"Times New Roman\"; \u0000 mso-ansi-language:#0400; \u0000 mso-fareast-language:#0400; \u0000 mso-bidi-language:#0400;} \u0000 Background/Objectives Empirical knowledge suggests that neurological disorders are common in sub-Saharan Africa. However, to date prevalence studies are scarce. The aims of our study were to assess the hospital-based prevalence of neurological disorders in a rural African setting and to describe the pattern of disease by using a systematic approach. Methods The study was conducted at the Haydom Lutheran Hospital in northern Tanzania, Manyara region. Over a period of eight months all patients admitted to hospital were seen prospectively in consecutive order by a neurologist (ASW). Results Out of 8676 admissions 740 patients (8.5%) were given a neurological diagnosis. The most frequent neurological disorders were seizures (26.6%) and infectious diseases (18.1%). The overall mortality of neurological disease was 21%. Cases were grouped according to diagnostic certainty. We suggest three major categories for neurological disorders (group 1 = no diagnostic uncertainties; group 2 = minor diagnostic uncertainties; group 3 = major diagnostic uncertainties) with implications regarding therapy and prognosis. Conclusions The above data emphasizes that neurological disease contributes substantially to morbidity and mortality in a rural African hospital. Based on the observed pattern of neurological disorders we suggest a systematic approach","PeriodicalId":42149,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Neurological Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2010-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/AJNS.V27I2.55088","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70466461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Le tuberculome intra medullaire : une cause rare de paraparesie","authors":"A. Haidara, G. Varlet, D. N. Oka, M. Broalet, B. Doukouré, H. Herman, K. Drogba","doi":"10.4314/ajns.v27i2.55122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ajns.v27i2.55122","url":null,"abstract":"Le tuberculome intra-medullaire (TIM) est une localisation de la tuberculose du systeme nerveux central. Nous rapportons un cas de TIM, chez un patient de 48 ans, sans antecedents particuliers, qui a consulte pour un deficit moteur des 2 membres inferieurs d’installation progressive. L’examen clinque a permis d’objectiver un syndrome de compression medullaire thoracique. La decouverte d’une masse intra medullaire, apres les explorations neuroradiologiques (myeloscanner et IRM), nous a fait poser l’indication d’une exerese micro-chirurgicale. Le diagnostique de TIM a ete affirme par l’examen anatomo-pathologique de la piece operatoire. L’association d’une chimiotherapie anti-tuberculeuse au dela de 6 mois apres l’exerese chirurgicale, a permis une guerison complete apres un recul de 18 mois.","PeriodicalId":42149,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Neurological Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"111-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2010-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/ajns.v27i2.55122","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70466715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"D-cycloserine enhances spatial learning performances of rats chronically exposed to lead during the developmental period.","authors":"K. Kahloula, M. Slimani, M. Dubois, J. Bonnet","doi":"10.4314/AJNS.V28I1.55141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AJNS.V28I1.55141","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic developmental lead (Pb) exposure has long been associated with cognitive dysfunction in children and animals. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, important in the synaptic mechanisms involved in learning and memory, are key target of lead toxicity. D-cycloserine (DCS), a partial agonist of the NMDA associated glycine site, has been recognised as a potential cognitive enhancer. We investigated the potential effects of Pb exposure (lead acetate 0.2% through the drinking water) during gestation and lactation (GL), on the spatial learning and memory capacities of PN32 rats. We also evaluate the ability of DCS (30 mg/ml), administered daily 24h after weaning during 15 days, to attenuate Pb neurotoxicity-induced cognitive deficits. Results indicate that rats exposed to lead during gestation and lactation have a significantly increased latency to find the hidden platform and cover a significant longer distance compared to control-vehicle in the learning phase of the Morris water maze. However, the administration of DCS to GL animals improved significantly their learning performances compared with GL-vehicle. In contrast, there is no significant difference between all groups during the probe test and the visual cue test. In conclusion, DCS enhancement of the NMDA receptor function is an effective strategy to ameliorate neurotoxicity lead-associated spatial learning deficits. Keywords: Neurotoxicity; Lead; Development; D-Cycloserine; Learning; Rat. Des etudes faites chez l’homme et l’animal montrent qu’une exposition chronique au plomb durant le developpement provoque des alterations des fonctions cognitives. Les recepteurs au glutamate de type Nmethyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), importants dans les mecanismes synaptiques impliques dans l’apprentissage et la memoire, sont les principales cibles du plomb. Il a ete montre que le D-cycloserine, un agoniste partiel du site glycine associe aux recepteurs NMDA, peut ameliorer les fonctions cognitives. Nous avons etudie les effets possibles d’une exposition au plomb (acetate de plomb 0.2% dans l’eau de boisson) pendant la gestation et la lactation (GL), sur les performances d’apprentissage spatial et de memorisation chez des rats âges de 32 jours. Nous avons egalement evalue la capacite du D-cycloserine (30 mg/ml), administre quotidiennement 24h apres le sevrage durant 15 jours, a attenuer les deficits cognitifs induits par le plomb. Nos resultats indiquent que les rats exposes au plomb pendant la gestation et la lactation mettent signicativement plus de temps et parcourent une plus grande distance que les animaux controle pour trouver la plateforme immergee au cours de la phase d’apprentissage de la piscine de Morris. Toutefois, l’administration de DCS aux animaux GL ameliore significativement leurs performances d’apprentissage comparees a celles des animaux GL non traites au DCS. Aucune difference de motivation ou des capacites de guidage visuo-moteur ne sont presents chez les GL. Donc, l’amelioration de la","PeriodicalId":42149,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Neurological Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":"48-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2010-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/AJNS.V28I1.55141","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70467436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tumeur fibreuse solitaire de l’orbite (un cas)","authors":"A. Sami, H. Azizou, I. Youklif, M. Karkouri, A. Azhari","doi":"10.4314/AJNS.V28I1.55155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AJNS.V28I1.55155","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction La tumeur fibreuse solitaire de l’orbite (TFS) est une tumeur mesenchymateuse ubiquitaire exceptionnellement retrouvee dans l’orbite. Nous rapportons un nouveau cas que nous confrontons aux donnees de la litterature. Observation Un homme âge de 43 ans, presentait une inflammation conjonctivale de l’oeil gauche evoluant depuis 14 ans, avec apparition progressive d’un ectropion avec exophtalmie axile irreductible et indolore aggravee d’une ophtalmoplegie et cecite gauches. L’IRM orbitaire a mis en evidence une masse retro-oculaire isointense en T1, hyper signal en T2. L’examen anatomopathologique de la piece operatoire obtenue par voie fronto-orbitaire gauche a permis de poser le diagnostic de TFS orbitaire. Discussion Le diagnostic de TFS est anatomopathologique. Il s’agit d’une tumeur de nature mesenchymateuse. On note une forte expression de l’antigene CD34 et de la vimentine en immunohistochimie. Conclusion La TFS de l’orbite est une tumeur rare habituellement benigne. Elle doit etre differenciee immunohistochimiquement des autres types mesenchymateuses de l’orbite. Sa prise en charge repose sur l’exerese chirurgicale complete. Un suivi clinique prolonge est propose car des recidives peuvent survenir a long terme et il existe des formes malignes.","PeriodicalId":42149,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Neurological Sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2010-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/AJNS.V28I1.55155","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70467628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kyste arachnoïdien extradural rachidien","authors":"O. Naama, A. Mansouri","doi":"10.4314/AJNS.V28I1.55151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AJNS.V28I1.55151","url":null,"abstract":"Le kyste arachnoidien extra-dural spinal est une affection rare. Sa pathogenie reste meconnue. Nous rapportons le cas d’une jeune fille de 12 ans, sans antecedents pathologiques, admise au service de neurochirurgie, hopital militaire Avicenne, Marrakech, pour un syndrome de compression medullaire a l’etage thoracique, au stade de paraparesie spastique. L’IRM a objective une lesion kystique thoracique posterieure en regard de D6-D8 d’allure extradurale. Le kyste a ete enleve par voie d’abord posterieure. L’examen histologique a conclu a un kyste arachnoidien. L’evolution post-operatoire a ete marquee par une recuperation progressive du deficit neurologique. Malgre sa grande rarete, le kyste arachnoidien extradural thoracique est parmi les etiologies de syndrome de compression medullaire auxquelles il faut penser car son diagnostic permet la guerison constante par traitement chirurgical radical.","PeriodicalId":42149,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Neurological Sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2010-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/AJNS.V28I1.55151","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70467473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Un cas d’hematome extradural cervical non traumatique","authors":"H. N'Da, M. Kakou, K. Drogba, M. Broalet, A. Haidara, Y. Zunon, K. Kouakou, G. Boni, G. Varlet, V. Bazeze","doi":"10.4314/ajns.v28i1.55156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ajns.v28i1.55156","url":null,"abstract":"L’hematome extradural cervical spontane est une pathologie rare mais une severe cause de compression medullaire. Il requiert un diagnostic et une prise en charge urgents. Nous en rapportons un cas chez une patiente de 20 ans sans antecedent pathologique, revele par un syndrome de compression medullaire cervical severe (grade A de Frankel). Une decompression neurochirurgicale est intervenue avec un delai de 48H avec comme corollaire de lourdes sequelles. Les auteurs insistent sur l’interet d’un diagnostic et d’une prise en charge precoces pour en minimiser les sequelles neurologiques.","PeriodicalId":42149,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Neurological Sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":"120-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2010-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/ajns.v28i1.55156","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70467637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurinomes et neurofibromes spinaux diagnostic et resultats du traitement chirurgical a yaounde","authors":"V. Eyenga, J. Eloundou, N. M. Ngowe, R. Atangana, M. Sosso","doi":"10.4314/AJNS.V27I2.55119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AJNS.V27I2.55119","url":null,"abstract":"Description les neurinomes et neurofibromes spinaux restent tres peu etudies en Afrique sub-saharienne. Objectif rapporter les resultats du traitement chirurgical des neurinomes et neurofibromes spinaux a Yaounde. Methodes etude retrospective menee a l’Hopital General et a l’Hopital Central de Yaounde, du 1er Janvier 1995 au 1er Janvier 2005. Criteres d’inclusion: dossier medical comprenant les resultats de l’examen clinique pre et post operatoire, ceux des examens neuroradiologiques et histopathologiques, le compte rendu operatoire. Un suivi post-operatoire minimal de six mois. Le resultat fonctionnel ete evaluee par l’echelle de Karnofsky. Resultats sur 62 patients operes d’une tumeur intrarachidiennes, 12 (19,35 %) ont ete selectionnes (neuf neurinomes, deux neurofibromes, un neurofibrosarcome). L’age moyen etait de 40,66 ans ±13,20, le sex ratio 0,71. La duree moyenne de symptomes avant le diagnostic etait de 17,83 mois ± 5,81, extremes 6 et 28 mois ; le signe d’appel le plus frequent etait la radiculalgie (six cas). Cinq patients etaient paraplegiques. Le score de Karnofsky moyen preoperatoire etait de 50,00 ±12,79 et de 70,83±23,53 en postoperatoire. Le siege tumoral etait cervical (quatre cas), dorsal (six cas), lombaire (deux cas). La tumeur etait extradurale dans six cas, intra durale quatre, intra et extradurale deux cas. L’exerese etait macroscopiquement complete dans neuf cas, partielle dans trois. Cinq patients ont connu une amelioration permettant une reinsertion professionnelle. Conclusion le diagnostic des neurinomes et neurofibromes reste tardif dans notre environnement, ce qui limite le resultat chirurgical.","PeriodicalId":42149,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Neurological Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2010-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/AJNS.V27I2.55119","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70466293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}