Fogoum Yannick Fogang, K. Touré, G. Naeije, M. Ndiaye, A. Diop, M. Ndiaye
{"title":"Selective attention of students suffering from primary headaches in a pain free period: a case control study","authors":"Fogoum Yannick Fogang, K. Touré, G. Naeije, M. Ndiaye, A. Diop, M. Ndiaye","doi":"10.4314/ajns.v32i2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ajns.v32i2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Headache patients frequently complain about difficulties in attention and concentration, even when they are headache-free and psychometric studies concerning attentional deficits in headache patients between attacks are scarce. Objective: To evaluate selective attention of headache patients in a pain free period and compare them with healthy volunteers. Subjects and Methods: We performed, between February 2011 and July 2011, a case-control study, including 45 university students consulting for primary headaches, matched with 45 healthy students as controls. Headaches were classified according to the International Headache Society criteria (IHS, 2004). Subjects with a history of brain injury, epilepsy and visual disturbancies were excluded. Mood disorders were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety Depression (HAD) questionnaire. Selective attention was evaluated using the D-KEFS color-word interference test. Results: Mean age of patients was 23.29 ± 2.55 years, versus 22.89 ± 2.04 years for controls (p = 0.2). Migraine and tension-type headaches were the only diagnosed headache types, respectively 55.56% and 44.44%. The selective attention score was -4.04 ± 7.08 for patients, versus -1.31 ± 7.73 for controls (p = 0.02). The mean mental flexibility score was lower in headache sufferers compared to controls (36.67 ± 6.79 versus 41.33 ± 6.23, p = 0.001). Gender, anxiety and depression scores, and temporal features of headache had no correlation with selective attention score. Conclusion: Selective attention and mental flexibility capacities seem to be reduced in primary headache sufferers in pain free period. These findings could contribute to our understanding of the pathophysiology of primary headaches. Keywords: Selective attention, mental flexibility, neuropsychology, headache, migraine","PeriodicalId":42149,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Neurological Sciences","volume":"32 1","pages":"36-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70468152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Improving Construction Process through Integration and Concurrent Engineering","authors":"N. Raja","doi":"10.5130/AJCEB.V5I1.2945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5130/AJCEB.V5I1.2945","url":null,"abstract":"In an increasingly competitive business environment, improvedtime-to-market, reduced production cost, quality of the productand customer involvement are rapidly becoming the key successfactors for any product development process. Consequently, mostorganisations are moving towards the adoption of latest technologyand new management concepts and philosophies such as totalquality management and concurrent engineering (CE) to bringimprovement in their product development process. This paperdiscusses the adoption of integrated processes and CE withinthe construction industry to enable construction organisations toimprove their project development process. It also discusses aproposed integrated database model for the construction projects,which should enable the construction process to improve, becomemore effective and more efficient.","PeriodicalId":42149,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Neurological Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"58-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2012-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5130/AJCEB.V5I1.2945","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70715960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Nakibuuka, Nyakoojo Abwooli, A. Namale, N. Blondin, E. Ddumba
{"title":"A descriptive epidemiological study on stroke in Kampala, Uganda: a hospitalbased study","authors":"J. Nakibuuka, Nyakoojo Abwooli, A. Namale, N. Blondin, E. Ddumba","doi":"10.4314/AJNS.V31I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AJNS.V31I1","url":null,"abstract":"Background Basic stroke features are hardly known in sub-Saharan countries, and no data are available in Uganda. Objective To characterize patients presenting with clinical stroke to Mulago Hospital. Design Descriptive epidemiological study. Setting Mulago National referral Hospital in Kampala, Uganda. Participants Patients presenting with clinical stroke from 1st July to 30th November 2006. Patients with confirmed stroke had comprehensive assessments for stroke risk factors. Results Among 139 patients presenting with clinical stroke, 127 had a non-contrast head CT scan and 12 died prior to scan. Eighty five patients were confirmed to have stroke while 42 had non stroke lesions. Among patients with confirmed stroke, 77.6% had ischemic stroke while 22.4% had hemorrhagic stroke. The mean age for all stroke patients was 62.2 ± 16.2 yrs and 51.8% were men. The incidence of both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke increased with age. Atherosclerotic stroke was the most common ischemic stroke etiology, observed in 43.5% patients with ischemic stroke, while intraparenchymal hemorrhage was the most common hemorrhagic stroke etiology, observed in 78.9% of patients with hemorrhagic stroke. Hypertension was the commonest risk factor with more than 50% of all stroke patients reporting a history of hypertension, and more than half found to have blood pressure greater than 140/90 mm Hg. Physical inactivity and hypercholesterolemia were encountered in more than 36% and 30% of patients with ischemic and haemorrhagic strokes respectively.","PeriodicalId":42149,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Neurological Sciences","volume":"31 1","pages":"41-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/AJNS.V31I1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70467703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Hima-Maiga, E. Kpelao, N. Ndoye, Y. Sakho, M. Faye, M. Ba, Badiane, S. Badiane
{"title":"Les particularites de la hernie discale lombaire de l’adulte jeune (18-25 ans)","authors":"A. Hima-Maiga, E. Kpelao, N. Ndoye, Y. Sakho, M. Faye, M. Ba, Badiane, S. Badiane","doi":"10.4314/AJNS.V31I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AJNS.V31I2","url":null,"abstract":"Buts La hernie discale lombaire est rare chez l’enfant et l’adolescent. Peu d’etudes ont ete consacrees aux sujets de 18-25 ans. Nous avons voulu identifier d’eventuelles particularites de cette pathologie dans cette tranche d’âge a travers un echantillon pris en charge dans notre service. Materiels et methodes Il s’agissait d’une etude retrospective portant sur 52 patients colliges a l’hopital de Grand Yoff et au CHU de Fann du 1er Avril 2004 au 31 Mars 2009. L’echantillon etait represente par des sujets de 18 a 25 ans, qui avaient consultes pour lomboradiculalgie avec mise en evidence au niveau de l’imagerie d’un conflit disco-radiculaire. Le suivi s’etalait de un mois a 48 mois. Resultats L’âge moyen etait de 22,8 ans. On notait une predominance masculine (86,5%). Les militaires representaient 38,4%. La symptomatologie a ete brutale dans 23,1% suite a un traumatisme. Le bilan radiologique retrouvait 6 cas de canal lombaire etroit et 6 cas d’anomalie transitionnelle associes a la hernie discale. On ne notait pas de signes de degenerescence discale. L’etage L4-L5 etait concerne dans 53,8%. Treize patients ont ete operes avec dans 46,2% des cas une disparition complete de la symptomatologie initiale a un an. Conclusion La hernie discale lombaire de l’adulte jeune est favorisee par les professions de force et les traumatismes du rachis lombaire. Le traitement doit etre le plus conservateur que possible meme si les resultats de la discectomie sont meilleurs que chez l’adulte plus âge.","PeriodicalId":42149,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Neurological Sciences","volume":"31 1","pages":"3-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70467768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Manou, Kj Mouakou, D. Alloh, D. Akadje, A. Pillah, A. Coulibaly, B. Nandjui
{"title":"L'impact des conceptions sociolculturelles et anthropologiques du peuple baouile nanafoue du groupe akan de Cote D'Ivoire sur le processus de prise en charge medicale moderne et reeducative de l 'hemiplegie vasculaire","authors":"K. Manou, Kj Mouakou, D. Alloh, D. Akadje, A. Pillah, A. Coulibaly, B. Nandjui","doi":"10.4314/AJNS.V30I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AJNS.V30I1","url":null,"abstract":"Objectifs Decrire l’influence des conceptions traditionnelles sur la prise en charge medicale et reeducative des hemiplegiques en pays baoule. Methodes Une etude prospective et descriptive a ete menee sur des patients hemiplegiques d’etiologie vasculaire. L’enquete s’etait deroulee en 2008 sur une periode de 05 mois, dans 16 villages du district de Yamoussoukro capitale politique de la Cote d’Ivoire. 22 patients, 102 aidants et 10 traditherapeutes ont ete selectionnes. Resultats Pour 57% de la population de l’etude, les causes rattachees a l’hemiplegie seraient d’origine metaphysique liee a la sorcellerie, a la magie occulte. Elle etait composee en majorite par des analphabetes dans 72,8% des patients hemiplegiques, 63,72 % des aidants et 70 % des traditherapeutes. Selon la population de l’etude, le handicap moteur du a l’hemiplegie etait curable dans 64,5 % des cas et pouvait entrainer le deces du patient dans 60,7 % des cas. Le diagnostic et la prise en charge initiale etaient faits a l’hopital (68%) ; ensuite, 86 % des hemiplegiques avaient recours a la traditherapie. La prise en charge de la traditherapie s’etait resumee a la phytotherapie associee a des massages et des incantations (60%) avec l’existence d’interdits dans 100% des cas pour la majorite alimentaire (80 %). Conclusion La conception metaphysique sur les maladies chroniques du peuple baoule nanafoue notamment vis-a-vis de l’hemiplegie a influence sa prise en charge caracterisee par l’abandon des traitements modernes initiaux justifiant un faible taux de patients ayant une autonomie complete.","PeriodicalId":42149,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Neurological Sciences","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/AJNS.V30I1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70467675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Djientcheu, A. Esiéné, T. Y. Yamgoue, B. Tchaleu, J. Minkande
{"title":"Surgical treatment and outcome of 195 cases of non acute subdural haematoma at the Youndé Central Hospital: The need for landmarked burr holes","authors":"V. Djientcheu, A. Esiéné, T. Y. Yamgoue, B. Tchaleu, J. Minkande","doi":"10.4314/AJNS.V30I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AJNS.V30I2","url":null,"abstract":"Background Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is frequent neurosurgical pathology but many issues related to the surgical procedure are still discussed. Objective To present our experience in the treatment of Non Acute Subdural Hematoma (NASH). Methodology This retrospective study included patients operated for NASH at the Yaounde Central Hospital from January 2000 to September 2008. Surgery consisted of one burr hole (92.4%), 2 burr holes (3.6%), trephine or craniotomy (4%). All patients underwent per operative irrigation, a 48 hour-postoperative drainage and supine position. The burr hole was performed at the thickest point of the hematoma which in most cases corresponded to the intersection between the superior temporal line and the coronal suture. Results One hundred and ninety five consecutive patients were included: 155 males and 40 females. The mean age was 55 years. The past medical history revealed head injury (81.5%), alcoholism (12.9%), epilepsy (4.1%) or anticoagulation therapy (1.5%). The collection was unilateral (72.8%), bilateral (26.7%) or interhemispheric (1 case). On CT scan, the lesion was hypodense (79.9%), isodense (17.4%) or mixed (2.7%). The mortality rate was 2.5% while the recurrence rate was 3.7% after a 6 to 9 months follow-up period. The main recurrence factor was the inappropriate location of the burr hole. Conclusion One burr hole drainage is an effective and safe method for the treatment of NASH. The location of the burr hole is an important factor of recurrence. There is a need for Landmarked burr holes.","PeriodicalId":42149,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Neurological Sciences","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70467879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Quenum, B. Bouayad, M. Laghmari, Y. Sogoba, O. Coulibali, A. Hossini, R. Gana, M. R. Maaqili, M. Jiddane, F. Bellakhdar
{"title":"Traitement peu invasif d’une breche osteo meningee associee a une hypertension intracranienne benigne","authors":"K. Quenum, B. Bouayad, M. Laghmari, Y. Sogoba, O. Coulibali, A. Hossini, R. Gana, M. R. Maaqili, M. Jiddane, F. Bellakhdar","doi":"10.4314/AJNS.V27I2.55125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AJNS.V27I2.55125","url":null,"abstract":"Description L’hypertension intracrânienne benigne (HTICB) est une augmentation anormale de la pression intracrânienne non associee a un processus occupant de l’espace intracrânien, une thrombose des veines cerebrales ou une hydrocephalie. Caracterisee par des cephalees invalidantes, des acouphenes pulsatiles, elle peut avoir une evolution pejorative et irreversible entrainant une cecite. La survenue d’une rhinorrhee spontanee dans un contexte d’HTICB a ete decrite dans la litterature mais demeure peu frequente. Objectif et cas clinique Nous rapportons le cas d’une femme obese âgee de 40 ans, qui a ete admise pour rhinorrhee droite spontanee. Les explorations neuroradiologiques ont permis d’evoquer une hypertension intracrânienne benigne sur une breche ethmoidale anterieure. Le monitoring de la pression a confirme le diagnostic. Elle a beneficie d’une derivation ventriculo peritoneale. L’evolution est favorable (disparition des symptomes) avec un delai de recul de 16 mois . Conclusion L’HTICB est une pathologie avec des consequences irreversibles si le traitement n’est pas adequat et rapide. En cas de rhinorrhee isolee dans le cadre de l’hypertension intracrânienne benigne la derivation ventriculo peritoneale est une attitude therapeutique simple mais efficace.","PeriodicalId":42149,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Neurological Sciences","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2010-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/AJNS.V27I2.55125","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70467065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Napon, S. Traoré, A. Niakara, G. J. Ouango, A. Ouango, J. Kaboré
{"title":"Les démences en afrique subsaharienne : aspects cliniques et étiologiques en milieu hospitalier à ouagadougou (burkina faso)","authors":"C. Napon, S. Traoré, A. Niakara, G. J. Ouango, A. Ouango, J. Kaboré","doi":"10.4314/AJNS.V28I1.55132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AJNS.V28I1.55132","url":null,"abstract":"Description En Afrique subsaharienne, l’amelioration progressive des conditions de vie a pour corollaire l’emergence accrue de certaines pathologies en rapport avec l’âge dont la demence. L’objectif de cette etude etait de decrire les differents aspects des demences au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouedraogo. Methodes C’est une etude transversale qui a inclus pendant deux ans les sujets âges de plus de 15 ans hospitalises ou ayant consulte dans les services de Neurologie, Psychiatrie, Cardiologie et Neurochirurgie et repondant aux criteres diagnostiques de demence du DSM-IV. Resultats Soixante-douze demences ont ete diagnostiquees soit une prevalence hospitaliere de 4,55 pour mille patients et 2,21 % des patients hospitalises. L’âge moyen etait de 62,20 ans avec un sex ratio de 2. L’installation des troubles cognitifs et comportementaux a ete insidieuse et progressive dans la plupart des cas. La demence etait severe avec un score MMS inferieur a 9 dans la majorite des cas. Les demences secondaires dites curables etaient les plus frequentes (68,05 %), dominees par les demences vasculaires et les causes neurochirurgicales. Seulement 18 % des demences etaient degeneratives avec a leur tete les demences de type Alzheimer. L’entourage familial reste fortement implique dans la demarche de soins et la prise en charge. Conclusion La demence est une realite au Burkina Faso, avec une prevalence sous-estimee. Il est donc necessaire de mener des etudes en population dans le but d’envisager des mesures preventives et de prise en charge adaptees a notre contexte.","PeriodicalId":42149,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Neurological Sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2010-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/AJNS.V28I1.55132","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70467323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Touré, M. Coumé, N. Ndiaye, Ndongo, M. Mamadou, M. Zunzunegui, T. Bacher, A. Tal, L. Guèye, F. Sene-Diouf, M. Ndiaye, A. T. alé, D. Gallo
{"title":"Facteurs de risque de démence dans une population de personnes âgées sénégalaises","authors":"K. Touré, M. Coumé, N. Ndiaye, Ndongo, M. Mamadou, M. Zunzunegui, T. Bacher, A. Tal, L. Guèye, F. Sene-Diouf, M. Ndiaye, A. T. alé, D. Gallo","doi":"10.4314/AJNS.V28I1.55126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AJNS.V28I1.55126","url":null,"abstract":"Description La demence est devenue un probleme de sante publique. Dans le but d’une prevention, il est important de connaitre son epidemiologie au Senegal. L’objectif de cette etude etait d’identifier les facteurs de risque de demence dans une population de personnes âgees senegalaises. Methodes Une etude transversale a ete realisee du 01 Mars 2004 au 31 Decembre 2005 aupres d’une population de 872 personnes âgees de 55ans et plus utilisant le Centre Medicosocial et Universitaire de l’Institut de Prevoyance Retraite du Senegal pour des soins. Par une etude en deux phases, des donnees sociodemographiques, sur le mode de vie, le reseau social, les antecedents ont ete collectees a l’aide d’un questionnaire structure complete par un examen clinique et une evaluation neuropsychologique. Le diagnostic de demence reposait sur des criteres DSM IV-R.","PeriodicalId":42149,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Neurological Sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2010-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/AJNS.V28I1.55126","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70467610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Adoukonou, L. Magy, D. Gnonlonfoun, G. Gallouedec, M. Khalil, G. Vallat
{"title":"Profil electroneuromyographique des neuropathies dans une population de patients diabetiques admis dans un laboratoire de neurophysiologie","authors":"A. Adoukonou, L. Magy, D. Gnonlonfoun, G. Gallouedec, M. Khalil, G. Vallat","doi":"10.4314/AJNS.V27I2.55102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AJNS.V27I2.55102","url":null,"abstract":"Les neuropathies peripheriques constituent une complication frequente du diabete. Plusieurs formes de neuropathies sont decrites dans cette population. L’objectif de ce travail etait d’etudier la frequence des differentes neuropathies dans une population de diabetiques. Nous avons realise une etude descriptive portant sur 110 patients diabetiques admis dans le laboratoire de Neurophysiologie du CHU de Limoges de janvier 2004 a juin 2006. Le diagnostic EMG des neuropathies demyelinisantes etait base sur les criteres de l’EFNS/PNS. Il s’agit de 110 sujets dont 63 de sexe masculin, âges de 18 a 81 ans avec un âge moyen de 57,2 ans. La duree moyenne de la maladie etait de 15 ans avec un taux moyen de HbA1C de 7,9%. 33 sujets (30,6%) avaient une neuropathie demyelinisante dont 20 classes defini, 8 probable et 5 possible. 25,2% avaient une neuropathie axonale, 22,7% un syndrome du canal carpien et 14 sujets avaient un EMG normal. Ces resultats comparables a certains de la litterature suggerent une frequence assez elevee des neuropathies demyelinisantes chez les diabetiques et imposent d’en etudier les determinants.","PeriodicalId":42149,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Neurological Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2010-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/AJNS.V27I2.55102","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70466179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}