Results in Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Green synthesis and in vitro anticancer evaluation of 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazole derivatives","authors":"Alcives Avila-Sorrosa ,&nbsp;Luis Angel Gil-Ruiz ,&nbsp;María Elena Vargas-Diaz ,&nbsp;Benjamín Torres-Nogueda ,&nbsp;David Morales-Morales","doi":"10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102134","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102134","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The benzimidazole core, a fundamental scaffold in medicinal chemistry, has been key in the advancement of this health field, leading to the development of numerous commercially available drugs, including those to treat cancer, which constitutes the most pressing health problem, being the main cause of death globally, whose current chemotherapeutic treatments, although some effective, have serious side effects, highlighting the need to discover safer and more potent drugs. In this context, a series of 1-benzyl-2-aryl benzimidazole derivatives (<strong>21</strong>‐–<strong>29</strong>) were synthesized using a selective and affordable method under mild reaction conditions and green chemistry criteria. A hydroxylated Schiff base (<strong>23</strong>) is also included, evidence of the possible reaction mechanism for synthesizing the different BZM derivatives. All compounds were characterized using spectroscopic techniques and single-crystal X-ray analysis. The latter, including Hirshfeld surface analysis, allowed the study of the main non-covalent interactions that stabilize molecular packing and supramolecular arrangements. A preliminarily evaluated by <em>in vitro</em> assays against a panel of six human cancer cell lines and healthy cells using tamoxifen as a reference drug. The results showed that all the compounds demonstrate bioactivity, highlighting the halogenated structures 1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1<em>H</em>-benzo[<em>d</em>]imidazole (<strong>26</strong>), 1-(4-bromobenzyl)-2-(4-bromophenyl)-1<em>H</em>-benzo[<em>d</em>]imidazole (<strong>27</strong>) and 1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1<em>H</em>-bebioavailability nzo[<em>d</em>]imidazole (<strong>29</strong>) exhibited the highest biological activity, mainly against the cancer lines leukemia (K562), colon cancer (HCT-15), breast cancer (MCF-7) and lung cancer (SKLU-1). A brief ADME analysis evaluated that the obtained compounds have pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic parameters to be potentially administered enterally.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":420,"journal":{"name":"Results in Chemistry","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 102134"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143510764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic metronidazole adsorption performance onto montmorillonite clay: Parametric study, process modelling and RSM optimisation","authors":"Jean Paul Nongni Tejeogue ,&nbsp;Raphael Djakba ,&nbsp;Cyrille Ghislain Fotsop ,&nbsp;Narcisse Dobe ,&nbsp;Sali Mouhamadou ,&nbsp;Bagamla Wangmene ,&nbsp;Massai Harouna","doi":"10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102153","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102153","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this study was to eliminate metronidazole in aqueous medium using clay material. The properties of adsorbent material collected in Cameroon were determined by BET, XRD, EDX-SEM, XRF, FTIR and zeta potential to provide its surface area, mineralogy, morphology, seize, functional groups and electrical charge. Batch adsorption experiment was used for metronidazole (MNZ) removal by considering several key operational parameters such as time, adsorbent dose and pH. Optimization process was done using full factorial experimental design. The rate of the reaction and mechanism was verified through linear and nonlinear isotherms, kinetics and statistical error analysis. Characterization of material have shown that it is a montmorillonite mineral clay with a specific surface area of 51.73 m²/g according to BET method. The calculated interlayer distance using Bragg law was d₀₀₁ = 10.18<span><math><mi>Å</mi></math></span>. The optimum uptake capacity reached was 84.22 mg/g at a contact time of 20 min with adsorbent mass of 0.01 g at pH 7 using MNZ concentration of 80 mg/L. the second order kinetic model fitted best the experimental data and the reaction was controlled by Freundlich isotherm which indicate multilayer adsorption onto heterogeneous surface. The full factorial design also showed that mass and pH significantly influence adsorption process in view of surface response graph.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":420,"journal":{"name":"Results in Chemistry","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 102153"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143527338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive review on recent progress in synthesis methods of ZnO/CuO nanocomposites and their biological and photocatalytic applications","authors":"Aklilu Melese ,&nbsp;Walelign Wubet ,&nbsp;Atakilt Abebe ,&nbsp;Abdu Hussen","doi":"10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102141","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102141","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, ZnO and CuO nanoparticles (NPs) are the most often utilized metal oxide semiconductor NPs in a variety of applications. Even though in contrast to other distinct semiconductor metal oxide NPs, the combination of these two NPs has garnered noteworthy attention for the development of ZnO/CuO nanocomposite (NCs) owing to its extensive application throughout numerous domains. The mixing of ZnO and CuO gives control over their structural, morphological, and surface features. Since copper can readily overlap d-electrons with ZnO valence bond, it is chosen to interact with ZnO. As a result, the optical and electrical characteristics are strengthened by enhanced surface area, smaller particle sizes, and the production of ZnO/CuO NCs. Therefore, the main purpose of this review is to provide various synthesis methods like deposition, hydrothermal, co-precipitation, sol-gel, wet impregnation, spray pyrolysis and others including green synthesis protocols and explores the biocompatibility and antibacterial properties of ZnO/CuO NCs and evaluates its photocatalytic performance in the degradation of pollutants and the review identifies the current challenges such as stability, scalability and environmental impacts and suggest future research gaps for researchers and the scientific community to optimize the performance and broaden the application of the ZnO/CuO NCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":420,"journal":{"name":"Results in Chemistry","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 102141"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of formaldehyde on YAP and NF-κB signaling pathways in mammalian cells","authors":"Katharina Ostmann ,&nbsp;Annette Kraegeloh ,&nbsp;Wilfried Weber","doi":"10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102155","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Formaldehyde is the smallest existing aldehyde, a highly reactive color less gas at room temperature and ubiquitously present in our atmosphere. Because of its reactivity leading to the crosslinking of macromolecules like proteins, it is widely used in industrial applications, but also in cell biology in order to preserve cells and tissues for further analysis. In this work, we show that formaldehyde releasing solutions commonly used for fixation of cells, can diffuse via the gas phase to the neighboring well and influence signaling processes in the therein cultured cells. To analyze this effect, we utilized a stable reporter cell line for YAP signaling or a gene expression-based reporter for activation of the NF-κB pathway. We could show that next to formaldehyde, also glutaraldehyde and acetaldehyde were able to activate those signaling pathways. Additionally, especially the stable reporter cell line based on YAP signaling can also be used as sensor for bioavailable formaldehyde, being highly sensitive, easy to use, and reversible. The observed impact of formaldehyde on cellular signaling underscores the need for careful planning of experimental protocols and emphasizes the importance of implementing proper controls when utilizing this reagent in cellular signaling analyses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":420,"journal":{"name":"Results in Chemistry","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 102155"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement of drug release and its efficacy in cancer treatment with advanced encapsulation methods in a novel hydrophobic agent into human serum albumin nanoparticles","authors":"Mehrnaz Yadini ,&nbsp;Maryam Saeidifar ,&nbsp;Nader Nezafati ,&nbsp;Seyed Mojtaba Daghighi","doi":"10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pharmacological properties of curcumin and its derivatives, such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anticancer effects, demonstrated superior qualities and encapsulation of curcumin derivatives in biocompatible nanocarriers holds great potential for enhancing the efficacy, improving solubility and safety of this promising agents. This study focuses on encapsulating the curcumin derivative 2,6-bis(3,4-diMethoxyBenzylidene)-1-Cyclohexanone (MBC) in human serum albumin nanoparticles (HSANP) through two methods: incubation (MBC@HSANP) and in-situ encapsulation (MBC.HSANP). The aim is to compare drug release and anticancer activity. Characterization of the colloidal drug carriers involved various analysis techniques such as FTIR, UV–vis, XRD, DSC, DLS, FESEM, and contact angle analysis, confirming the successful encapsulation of MBC in HSANP. The drug loading percentage (%DL) was found to be 8.85 % ± 0.06 and 7.73 % ± 0.37 for MBC@HSANP and MBC.HSANP, respectively, with encapsulation efficacy percentage (%EE) of 97.09 % ± 0.78 and 83.75 % ± 4.39. The nanocarriers exhibited spherical shapes with average particle sizes of 92 nm as well as lower agglomeration, and more hydrophilicity in MBC.HSANP (WCA of 110°) compared to MBC@HSANP (WCA of 86°). The release of MBC from the two systems was sustained compared to free MBC and MBC loaded onto HSA, following the Korsmeyer−Peppas kinetic model and non-Fickian transport behavior. Furthermore, the release of MBC from the MBC.HSANP system was lower than that of the MBC@HSANP system due to the entrapment of MBC into HSANP. Cellular evaluation on breast cancer cell lines (MCF7) showed higher safety in MBC.HSANP compared to MBC and MBC@HSANP, likely due to the more sustained release of MBC from MBC.HSANP system and induction of apoptosis was mentioned in MBC.HSANP and MBC@HSANP. These findings suggest the potential for sustained drug release and improved therapeutic efficacy in treating breast cancer cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":420,"journal":{"name":"Results in Chemistry","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 102156"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced removal of the crystal violet dye from aqueous medium using tripolyphosphate–functionalized Zn–substituted magnetite nanoparticles","authors":"Lotfi Ben Tahar ,&nbsp;Roaa Mogharbel ,&nbsp;Yasmeen Hameed ,&nbsp;Adel Noubigh ,&nbsp;Mustafa Jaip Allah Abd Elmageed Abualreish ,&nbsp;Ahmed Hamad Alanazi ,&nbsp;Mohammad Rafe Hatshan","doi":"10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The efficiency of adsorptive removal of the crystal violet dye (CV) onto a Zn–substituted magnetite, Zn_0.3Fe_2.7O₄ (Zn–Magn) nanoparticles and their corresponding sodium tripolyphosphate–functionalized nanoparticles (Zn–Magn@STPP) was investigated in details. The pristine nanoparticles <em>(</em>Zn–Magn<em>)</em> were prepared by the classical coprecipitation method, while the Zn–Magn@STPP ones were obtained by reacting colloid of the former nanoparticles with a STPP solution in an acidic pH. The produced powders consisted of single crystals of spinel–type ferrite ultrasmall (∼10 nm) almost spherical magnetic nanoparticles. Additionally, the Zn–Magn@STPP showed a robust-dense anchoring of STPP moieties onto the nanoparticles' surface. Regarding the adsorption properties, the effect of various influencing parameters on CV removal was elucidated. A clear enhancement of Zn–Magn@STPP nanoparticles for the removal of CV over the uncapped nanoparticles was evidenced. Preliminary results showed that pH is the most important factor that controls the dye adsorption and the optimum removal efficiency was determined for the natural pH (pH <em>∼7</em>). Further, the adsorption process was very fast reaching an equilibrium in 15 min. Additionally, modeling of the adsorption kinetics data showed that the third order Ritchie (R₃) model kinetics mechanism prevails and that the overall rate of the dye adsorption onto Zn–Magn@STPP appeared to be controlled by the chemisorption process. The last result correlates the multilayer adsorption model (corrected BET model) retained in the adsorption isothermal studies. Adsorption involved a chemisorbed monolayer enveloped by a multilayered framework of physisorbed CV moieties. Furthermore, thermodynamic studies indicated that the adsorption was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic. The desorption study demonstrated that the Zn–Magn@STPP could be readily regenerated using 0.1 M acetic acid. Moreover, adsorption-desorption studies indicated that the nanoadsorbent had an excellent regeneration–reusability capability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":420,"journal":{"name":"Results in Chemistry","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 102152"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eco-friendly innovation: Development of a multifunctional polyaniline-cuttlebone nanocomposite as a synergistic shield against doxorubicin-induced toxicity and a powerful antimicrobial agent","authors":"Esraa Salama ,&nbsp;Fatma I. Abo El-Ela ,&nbsp;Walid Hamdy Hassan ,&nbsp;Ahmed A. Farghali ,&nbsp;Abdullah A. Eweis ,&nbsp;Sarah H.M. Hafez ,&nbsp;Rehab Mahmoud","doi":"10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work emphasizes the importance of utilizing cuttlebone waste as a sustainable solution for waste management and the development of antimicrobial materials by incorporating it as a supporting phase for polyaniline (PANI) to form a nanocomposite. The three prepared materials were fully characterized via various techniques, including FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDX for elemental analysis, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area measurements, particle size distribution analysis, and zeta potential measurements. This study focuses on the development of novel molecules with potential antibacterial and antifungal activity against clinical pathogens responsible for infectious diseases. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of the polyaniline/cuttlebone (PANI/CB) composite were evaluated via methods such as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and disk diffusion for bacterial samples, as well as the MIC, minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC), antifungal percentage, and disk diffusion for fungal samples. Notably, the PANI/CB composite exhibited a distinct crystallite size and characteristic XRD pattern, along with a significant BET surface area, demonstrating strong antimicrobial properties. Cuttlebone not only serves as a bioactive agent but also acts as a sustainable support to enhance the properties of polyaniline, forming a nanocomposite with a low MIC range (8–66 μg/mL) and effective action against gram-positive bacteria such as <em>S. aureus</em>, although it is less susceptible to gram-negative bacteria such as <em>E. coli.</em> The MTT assay results demonstrated that while PANI and CB alone exhibited minimal cytotoxicity to Huh7 cells, the combination of doxorubicin (DOX) with PANI/CB significantly enhanced the cytotoxic effect, suggesting that a synergistic interaction could improve the therapeutic efficacy of DOX. Additionally, the effectiveness of the polyaniline/cuttlebone composite in protecting against DOX-induced hepatic and renal damage in rats was evaluated. Tissue damage was assessed via the use of serum markers such as alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), urea, and creatinine. The results demonstrated a decrease in oxidative damage and significant improvements in liver and kidney function markers in the polyaniline/cuttlebone-treated groups compared with those in the groups treated with individual components. Specifically, ALT levels decreased from 48 ± 2.8 IU/L to 21 ± 0.4 IU/L, AST from 195 ± 0.7 IU/L to 13 ± 1.08 IU/L, urea from 86 ± 1.4 mg/dL to 39 ± 0.7 mg/dL, and creatinine from 1.05 ± 0.03 mg/dL to 0.53 ± 0.01 mg/dL. These findings highlight the potential of using cuttlebone waste as a sustainable material in antimicrobial applications, offering an eco-friendly solution for waste management while contributing to the development of potent antimicrobial nanocomposites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":420,"journal":{"name":"Results in Chemistry","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 102088"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application N-aminophthalimide for effective and efficient synthesis of new 1,4- dihydropyridine derivatives and electronic properties analyses, vibrational frequencies, NMR chemical shift analysis: A DFT study","authors":"Vahid Mohammadi,&nbsp;Nahid Shajari,&nbsp;Hooriye Yahyaei","doi":"10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102127","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102127","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A straightforward and effective approach to synthesize novel 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives was demonstrated through the Hantzsch four-component condensation involving aromatic aldehydes, DEAD (diethyl acetylenedicarboxylate), malononitrile, and <em>N</em>-aminophthalimide, using a minimal amount of triethylamine as a catalyst, conducted at ambient temperature in ethanol. The synthesized molecules were characterized by IR, NMR, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis of C, H, and N. The molecular structures of specific compounds (5a-e) were explored <em>via</em> quantum theoretical studies using the B3LYP method and the 6–311 + G** basis set, leading to the acquisition of geometric parameters from optimized structures which were then corroborated with experimental data. Validation of the compounds' structures was accomplished through IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and elemental analysis. Further theoretical studies provided insights into the IR spectra, ¹H NMR, and ¹³C NMR chemical shifts for the ground state of these new 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives. To compare this agreement, a correlation graph based on theoretical and experimental data was analyzed, showing a very good correlation. A slight discrepancy was observed between the calculated and experimental vibrational states, which may result from intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Furthermore, the theoretical calculations refer to the gas phase, whereas the experimental data pertain to the solid phase. In addition to analyses of the frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), the total density of states (DOS), molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), NBO, Mulliken atomic charges, and thermodynamic parameters. A strong concordance between the theoretical predictions and experimental findings was established.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":420,"journal":{"name":"Results in Chemistry","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 102127"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interaction of methyl orange with cationic surfactant (DTAB) under the influence of anionic polyelectrolyte (NaCMC) in ethanol/water solvent mixtures: A UV–visible spectroscopic investigation","authors":"Shiv Narayan Yadav ,&nbsp;Summi Rai ,&nbsp;Biswajit Sinha ,&nbsp;Ajaya Bhattarai","doi":"10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102130","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The purpose of this novel investigation is to thoroughly examine and assess the spectral properties of methyl orange (MO) and its impact on the micellization behavior of dodecyl trimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) in sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) solution in various volume (vol.) fractions of ethanol in water (0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3) at 298.15 ± 0.2 K. According to the findings, the CMC* values calculated using spectroscopic data increase in the order listed below: (CMC*&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; 0.0200)&lt;sub&gt;0.3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&gt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; (CMC*&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; 0.0182)&lt;sub&gt;0.2&lt;/sub&gt; &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&gt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; (CMC*&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; 0.0163)&lt;sub&gt;0.1&lt;/sub&gt; &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&gt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; (CMC* &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;0.0145)&lt;sub&gt;water&lt;/sub&gt;. The Gibbs energy of micellization (&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;∆&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msubsup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;G&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;m&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;o&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/msubsup&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;)has a less negative value &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mo&gt;∆&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msubsup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;G&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;m&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;o&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/msubsup&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; -19.07 kJ mol&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;)&lt;sub&gt;0.3.&lt;/sub&gt; &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&gt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mo&gt;∆&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msubsup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;G&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;m&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;o&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/msubsup&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; -19.51 kJ mol&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;)&lt;sub&gt;0.2&lt;/sub&gt; &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&gt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mo&gt;∆&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msubsup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;G&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;m&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;o&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/msubsup&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; -19.98 kJ mol&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;)&lt;sub&gt;0.1.&lt;/sub&gt; &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&gt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mo&gt;∆&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msubsup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;G&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;m&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;o&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/msubsup&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; -20.45 kJ mol&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;)&lt;sub&gt;water&lt;/sub&gt;with increasing ethanol contents in the solvent mixture, which also validates that raising the ethanol concentration inhibits micellization. On the other hand, the overall value of the binding constant increases in the trend: (&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;K&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;b&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;119.41)&lt;sub&gt;water&lt;/sub&gt; &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&lt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;(&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;K&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;b&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;1152.71)&lt;sub&gt;0.1&lt;/sub&gt; &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&lt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;K&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;b&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;1248.55)&lt;sub&gt;0.2&lt;/sub&gt; &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&lt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;K&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;b&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;1304.05)&lt;sub&gt;0.3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; and &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;∆&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msubsup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;G&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;b&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;o&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/msubsup&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;drops in the order: (&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;∆&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msubsup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;G&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;b&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;o&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/msubsup&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;−11.85 kJ mol&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;)&lt;sub&gt;water&lt;/sub&gt; &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&gt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;∆&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msubsup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;G&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;b&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;o&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/msubsup&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;","PeriodicalId":420,"journal":{"name":"Results in Chemistry","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 102130"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143527339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of novel pyrimidine-thio-triazoles targeting EGFR in breast Cancer cells via one-pot copper-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition","authors":"Bhanuprakash C. Narasimhachar ,&nbsp;Akshay Ravish ,&nbsp;Narasimha M. Beeraka ,&nbsp;Baburajeev Chumadathil Pookunoth ,&nbsp;Shreeja Basappa ,&nbsp;Divakar Vishwanath ,&nbsp;Kanchugarakoppal S. Rangappa ,&nbsp;Omantheswara Nagaraja ,&nbsp;Mahendra Madegowda ,&nbsp;Paduvalahippe Gowdegowda Chandrashekara ,&nbsp;Basappa Basappa","doi":"10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102150","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Heterocycles are vital in medicinal chemistry due to their diverse pharmacological activities against various diseases. The development of innovative synthetic methods for heterocycles is ongoing, aiming to explore their full therapeutic potential. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a key target in breast cancer (BC) treatment due to its significant role in disease progression.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aims to develop novel heterocyclic compounds containing benzimidazole, pyrimidine, and triazole derivatives, designed to target EGFR in breast cancer cells.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The synthesis of the heterocyclic compounds was carried out using a one-pot CuI-catalyzed aryl amination followed by a Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction. The cytotoxic effects of the synthesized compounds were assessed using IC₅₀ assays against MCF-7 breast cancer cells, with Tamoxifen and Doxorubicin as internal controls. Molecular docking studies were conducted to explore the binding interactions within the EGFR ATP-binding site. Further, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed for 100 ns to validate the stability and interactions of the active compounds.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compounds <strong>6a</strong> and <strong>6b</strong> demonstrated significant cytotoxic activity with IC₅₀ values of 29.62 μM and 41.8 μM, respectively. <em>In silico</em> docking revealed that both compounds fit well into the ATP-binding site of EGFR, showing binding affinities of −7.27 kcal/mol for <strong>6a</strong> and − 7.45 kcal/mol for <strong>6b</strong>. MD simulations confirmed the stability of these interactions, with <strong>6a</strong> forming a more stable complex, suggesting its potential as a more effective EGFR inhibitor.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The newly synthesized heterocyclic compounds exhibit potent cytotoxic effects against MCF-7 breast cancer cells and strong binding affinities to EGFR, indicating their potential as therapeutic agents. These findings warrant further investigation and optimization through preclinical and clinical studies to enhance their therapeutic efficacy against breast cancer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":420,"journal":{"name":"Results in Chemistry","volume":"14 ","pages":"Article 102150"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143510763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}