Results in Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Anti-corrosive efficiency of salvadora persica plant stick powder on SS 316L orthodontic wire in artificial saliva","authors":"H.Mohamed Kasim Sheit ,&nbsp;K.S. Mohan ,&nbsp;P. Srinivasan ,&nbsp;S.Esakki Muthu ,&nbsp;A. Dinesh ,&nbsp;B. Rajeswari ,&nbsp;L. Srimathi Priya ,&nbsp;Lalitha Gnanasekaran ,&nbsp;Munawar Iqbal","doi":"10.1016/j.rechem.2024.101894","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rechem.2024.101894","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The efficacy of stainless steel 316L (SS 316L) orthodontic wire in mitigating corrosion within artificial saliva was scrutinized both in the presence and absence of Salvadora persica (SP) stick powder, employing electrochemical methodologies. Potentiodynamic polarization assessments demonstrated a notable cathodic shift in the corrosion potential of SS 316L upon the introduction of SP extract, which signifies a reduction in anodic dissolution rates. A marked enhancement in linear polarization resistance was recorded, corresponding to a diminished corrosion current density, thereby evidencing substantial corrosion mitigation. Data obtained from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy corroborated these observations, revealing an augmentation in impedance and charge transfer resistance alongside a reduction in double-layer capacitance, indicative of suppressed charge transfer at the SS 316L/electrolyte interface. Open-circuit potential (OCP) metrics demonstrated that the system incorporating SP presented more negative values relative to the control, reinforcing the inhibitory effect exerted by the constituents of SP. UV–Visible and FTIR spectral analyses substantiated the existence of bioactive compounds within SP powder, with minor shifts in spectral bands noted on the SS 316L surface subsequent to immersion, suggesting adsorption of SP constituents. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging of SS 316L specimens exposed to SP-enhanced artificial saliva exhibited diminished surface degradation in comparison to the control samples. These findings imply that constituents of SP, characterized by polar functional groups (e.g., O, N, and S), engage with SS 316L ions, thereby facilitating the formation of a protective layer and augmenting corrosion resistance. This investigation underscores the prospective application of Salvadora persica in prolonging the durability of SS 316L orthodontic devices utilized within an oral milieu.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":420,"journal":{"name":"Results in Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 101894"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of prodelphinidin B2 3,3′′-digallate using AgOTf-mediated self-condensation","authors":"Hana Saito ,&nbsp;Yoriko Takahashi ,&nbsp;Atsushi Kawamura ,&nbsp;Hidefumi Makabe","doi":"10.1016/j.rechem.2024.101902","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rechem.2024.101902","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Lewis acid mediated self-condensation of an epigallocatechin gallate derivative was examined. We found that AgOTf as a Lewis acid and diethylene glycol as a leaving group at C-4 position afforded a dimeric epigallocatechin gallate derivative in a moderate yield. The condensed product was applied to the synthesis of prodelphinidin B2 3,3′′-digallate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":420,"journal":{"name":"Results in Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 101902"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis, crystal structure, cytotoxicity (MCF-7 and HeLa) and free radical scavenging activity of the hydrazones derived from 2-methylsulfonyl-5-nitrobenzaldehyde","authors":"Marole M. Maluleka ,&nbsp;Malose J. Mphahlele","doi":"10.1016/j.rechem.2024.101896","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rechem.2024.101896","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rising levels of breast and cervical cancers among women have become public health problem with high economic burden globally and more especially in low- and middle-income countries. This necessitates discoving new and potent anticancer drugs with reduced or no side effects. The hydrazones derived from 2-formyl-4-nitrophenyl methanesulfonate were characterized using a combination of spectroscopic and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The compounds were, in turn, evaluated for antigrowth effect <em>in vitro</em> against the human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) and human cervical cancer (HeLa) cell lines and for cytotoxicity against the African Green Monkey kidney (Vero) cell line. The presence of a chlorine atom on the <em>para</em> position of the phenylhydrazone moiety of <strong>3b</strong> resulted in increased cytotoxicity against the MCF-7 and the HeLa cell lines compared to camptothecin (IC₅₀ = 9.15 ± 0.84 µM and 3.71 ± 0.16 µM, respectively) with IC₅₀ values of 5.64 ± 0.84 µM and 2.40 ± 0.13 µM, respectively. Compounds <strong>2</strong>, <strong>3a</strong> and <strong>3b</strong> were found to exhibit significantly reduced toxicity against the Vero cells compared to the anti-cancer drugs, doxorubicin (IC₅₀ = 0.78 ± 0.04 µM) and nintedanib (IC₅₀ = 0.24 ± 0.02 µM) with the IC₅₀ values of 17.86 ± 1.12, 11.89 ± 1.01 and 24.42 ± 0.70 µM, respectively. The hydrazones <strong>3a</strong> and <strong>3b</strong> exhibited a strong inhibitory effect against the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) tyrosine kinase (IC₅₀ = 5.78 ± 0.039 μM and 5.79 ± 0.053 µM, respectively) compared to the carbaldehyde precursor <strong>2</strong> (IC₅₀ = 8.01 ± 0.052 µM) though less active compared to nintedanib (IC₅₀ = 1.05 ± 0.193 µM). The hydrazone derivatives exhibited significant 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity compared to ascorbic acid and the parent 2-formyl-4-nitrophenylmethanesulfonate. <em>In silico</em> molecular docking studies revealed the binding potential of the hydrazones at the active site of VEGFR-2 tyrosine kinase and cytochrome <em>c</em> peroxidase.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":420,"journal":{"name":"Results in Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 101896"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of research fields involving wastewater-based epidemiology and interdisciplinary spillovers using a structural topic model","authors":"Michio Murakami ,&nbsp;Yoshitaka Nishikawa ,&nbsp;Masaaki Kitajima","doi":"10.1016/j.rechem.2024.101897","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rechem.2024.101897","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To further the academic development and practical application of wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE), a greater understanding of its impact across various research fields, academic disciplines, and interdisciplinary spillovers is required. However, no previous studies have applied the structural topic model to WBE papers to characterize different topics or to study the interdisciplinary spillover effects between topics. Therefore, we used a structural topic model to provide an overview of the topics involved in WBE in various research fields and elucidate their characteristics. The topics in the literature cited by high-impact papers and the literature citing high-impact papers were also analyzed to identify spillovers in WBE research between fields. A total of 2842 papers were extracted using Scopus on July 3, 2023, and classified into 5 topics related to WBE using the structural topic model, with the manual exclusion of topics highly relevant to non-WBE papers. WBE topics included “illicit drugs,” “SARS-CoV-2 detection,” “virus and genotype,” “public health and COVID-19,” and “COVID-19 and clinic.” The average publication years for “virus and genotype” and “illicit drugs” were 2017 and 2019, which were earlier than those of COVID-19-related papers (2020–2022). Furthermore, “virus and genotype” had fewer papers (<em>N</em> = 241) and citations (arithmetic mean, 21.8), whereas “illicit drugs” had a higher number of papers (<em>N</em> = 475) and citations (32.3). Although research on COVID-19 has only recently begun, “SARS-CoV-2 detection” had a higher number of papers (<em>N</em> = 348) and citations (32.8). Analysis of the sources and effects of high-impact papers on each topic showed that public health-driven studies referred to numerous illicit drugs and created connections with subsequent COVID-19-related papers. Studies that link existing research fields with future risk factors for major public health crises indicate the direction for innovative interdisciplinary research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":420,"journal":{"name":"Results in Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 101897"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PD-1 agonist: A novel therapeutic approach to resolve atherosclerosis","authors":"Jiahui Chen ,&nbsp;Wanqian Yu ,&nbsp;Le Liao ,&nbsp;Linghua Fu ,&nbsp;Pingping Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.rechem.2024.101892","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rechem.2024.101892","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Atherosclerosis, which is the primary cause of several leading fatal diseases worldwide, has long been a challenge, and thus the need for effective treatments is urgent. The discovery of the immune checkpoint proteins programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), which are negative regulators that inhibit immune responses, has led to the development of immunotherapeutic strategies for the management of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis mainly occurs as an adaptive immune response that results in an increased ratio of M1/M2 macrophages, and PD-1 can suppress this increased ratio through T-cell-mediated and macrophage-mediated pathways, thus controlling the course of atherosclerotic inflammation. Currently, 6 confirmed PD-1 agonists have been shown to inhibit inflammatory processes, which indicates the potential of PD-1 agonists as drugs for the treatment of atherosclerosis and other inflammatory diseases. PD-1 agonists have demonstrated their anti-inflammatory effects in both preclinical studies and clinical trials. These drugs also show considerable clinical potential when used in combination with aspirin and statins. In the future, PD-1 agonists are expected to become a novel treatment for atherosclerosis and other inflammatory diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":420,"journal":{"name":"Results in Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 101892"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure activity relationships of antischistosomal N-phenylbenzamides by incorporation of electron-withdrawing functionalities","authors":"Ameera Mohammed Dawoodjee ,&nbsp;John Sichinga ,&nbsp;Harrison Banda ,&nbsp;Steve Mbaya ,&nbsp;Evelyn Funjika ,&nbsp;Godfrey Mayoka ,&nbsp;Christabel Hikaambo ,&nbsp;Karol R. Francisco ,&nbsp;Yujie Uli Sun ,&nbsp;Lawrence J. Liu ,&nbsp;Conor R. Caffrey ,&nbsp;Peter Mubanga Cheuka","doi":"10.1016/j.rechem.2024.101890","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rechem.2024.101890","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For the adult <em>Schistosoma mansoni</em> flatworm pathogen, we report further structure activity relationships (SAR) of 19 <em>N</em>-phenylbenzamide analogs. Our previous SAR studies, designed by selecting representative substituents from the Craig plot, identified <strong>9</strong> and <strong>11</strong> which possessed electron-withdrawing groups that benefited potency. This study sought to enhance the potency of this chemotype by incorporating other electron-withdrawing functionalities not studied previously and to overcome the potential pharmacokinetic liabilities associated with the high lipophilicity of frontrunner compounds. Compared to the most potent compound, <strong>9</strong> (EC₅₀ = 80 nM), from our previous work, the most potent compounds in the current study (<strong>32</strong> (EC₅₀ = 1.17 µM), <strong>34</strong> (EC₅₀ = 1.64 µM) and <strong>38</strong> (EC₅₀ = 1.16 µM)) were less active although they retained single digit micromolar potency. Furthermore, compound <strong>38</strong> generated a CC₅₀ value of &gt; 20 µM in counter toxicity screens using HEK 293 cells, translating to a wide selectivity index of &gt; 17.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":420,"journal":{"name":"Results in Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 101890"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-nucleophilic base promoted synthesis of azo-linked oxazolone-pyrazole hybrids: Antimicrobial, antitubercular, anticancer evaluations and in-silico modeling insights","authors":"Bonny Y. Patel ,&nbsp;Vidhi Joshi ,&nbsp;Sangeetha Subramanian ,&nbsp;Gopal Italiya ,&nbsp;Prasanna Srinivasan Ramalingam ,&nbsp;Sivakumar Arumugam ,&nbsp;Sanjay D. Hadiyal ,&nbsp;Al-Anood Mohamed Al-Dies","doi":"10.1016/j.rechem.2024.101887","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rechem.2024.101887","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ten new non-nucleophilic base (DBU) catalyzed oxazolone-bearing pyrazole derivatives were created to treat infectious diseases caused by bacterial, mycobacterial strains, and cancerous cell lines. Compounds <strong>7b</strong> and <strong>7c</strong> showed excellent antibacterial and antifungal activity. Compound <strong>7b</strong> was highly effective against <em>M. tuberculosis</em> H37Rv, with a MIC of 0.06 μg/mL and significant binding affinities to AcrB of <em>E. coli</em> (−12 Kcal/mol), TriABC of <em>P. aeruginosa</em> (−12.5 Kcal/mol), and MepR of <em>S. aureus</em> (−10.6 Kcal/mol). Based on the findings, compounds <strong>7b</strong>, <strong>7c</strong>, and <strong>7e</strong> exhibit proficient binding affinity with two essential targets, namely Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase and Topoisomerase I, of <em>M. tuberculosis</em>. Compound <strong>7b</strong> showed superior cytotoxic activity against all cancer types except leukemia with GI₅₀ values of 1.26–1.83 µM and LC₅₀ values of 5.36–7.88 µM. Compound <strong>7a</strong> demonstrated remarkable anticancer activity against colon, melanoma, ovarian, renal, and breast cancer cell lines with GI₅₀ values of 1.60–2.55 µM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":420,"journal":{"name":"Results in Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 101887"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Ag–Te alloys on pH sensitivity of Ag2O–TeO2 glass/stainless steel enamel","authors":"Tadanori Hashimoto ,&nbsp;Tomonari Kuno ,&nbsp;Atsushi Ishihara ,&nbsp;Takuhisa Komi ,&nbsp;Yuji Nishio","doi":"10.1016/j.rechem.2024.101889","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rechem.2024.101889","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glass pH sensors are unsuitable for in vivo biomedical, clinical, or food applications because of brittleness of glass, the difficulty in measurement of small volumes and complex matrices, and the need for calibration. Herein, a novel enamel reference electrode for pH sensors is developed using a binary <em>x</em>Ag₂O·(100–<em>x</em>)TeO₂ glass/stainless steel (SUS) electrode. Subsequently, the effects of Ag₂O content on the precipitated crystalline phases and pH sensitivity of Ag₂O–TeO₂ glass/SUS electrodes are examined. The results indicate that the <em>x</em>Ag₂O·(100–<em>x</em>)TeO₂ glass/SUS samples exhibit relatively low pH sensitivity. The pH sensitivities of the samples can be classified into two distinct groups. The first group, comprising samples with an Ag₂O content of 25 mol% or more, exhibits a pH sensitivity higher than 10 %. The second group, comprising samples with an Ag₂O content of 22 mol% or less, exhibits a pH sensitivity of less than 10 %. The pH sensitivity tends to decrease with increase in stutzite fraction in Ag–Te alloys. Results of X-ray diffraction measurements and transmission electron microscopy observations indicate that the hessite and stutzite Ag–Te alloys, which are minor and conductive, are the primary contributors to the low pH sensitivity observed. Moreover, the pH sensitivity of <em>x</em>Ag₂O·(100–<em>x</em>)TeO₂/SUS is observed to be between those of the Ag–Te alloy and the Ag₂O–TeO₂ glass matrix. We propose occurrence of an electrical shunt should occur between the Ag–Te alloy and the Ag⁺-ion conductive Ag₂O–TeO₂ glass matrix. Regarding <em>x</em>Ag₂O·(100–<em>x</em>)TeO₂ glass/SUS, the 20Ag₂O·80TeO₂ glass/SUS to 21Ag₂O·79TeO₂ glass/SUS compositions represent promising candidates as for KCl-leakage-free reference electrodes for pH sensors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":420,"journal":{"name":"Results in Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 101889"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of nanocomposite hydrogel based on Fe3O4-TMSPM/poly(HEMA-PEG6MA-IA) for the removal of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution","authors":"Fiorela Ccoyo Ore ,&nbsp;Ana María Lechuga Chacon ,&nbsp;Rosana Leonor Aranzábal Carrasco ,&nbsp;Flor de Liss Meza López ,&nbsp;Ana Cecilia Valderrama Negrón ,&nbsp;Michael Azael Ludeña Huaman","doi":"10.1016/j.rechem.2024.101888","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rechem.2024.101888","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, a new hydrogel poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-polyethylene glycol methacrylate-co-itaconic acid) poly(HEMA-PEG₆MA-IA) covalently crosslinked with Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles functionalized with 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate organosilane (TMSPM) was prepared by free radicals, named Fe₃O₄-TMSPM/HG. FTIR-ATR, TGA, XRD, and TEM experiments were utilized to explore the Fe₃O₄-TMSPM/HG nanocomposite hydrogel. Swelling studies were also carried out in water, in different pH media, and then used in the adsorption of the cationic dye methylene blue (MB) from aqueous media. The factors controlling the adsorption process such as pH, dose, contact time, initial MB concentration, and temperature were investigated. The maximum MB adsorption capacity (270.27 mg/g) using Fe₃O₄-TMSPM/HG was obtained under the best conditions pH 8, dose 0.5 mg/mL, contact time 24 h, and ambient laboratory temperature (≈15 °C). The kinetic and isothermal experiments showed that the adsorption of MB followed the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models. The effect of temperature on the adsorption capacity is related to the swelling, since the Fe₃O₄-TMSPM/HG nanocomposite hydrogel exhibit temperature-responsive. After 5 adsorption–desorption cycles, the adsorption decreased by 19 mg/g compared to the initial adsorption capacity. All the experimental results show that the prepared Fe₃O₄-TMSPM/HG nanocomposite hydrogel has the potential to be applied as an adsorbent for MB dye.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":420,"journal":{"name":"Results in Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 101888"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142592737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proximate analysis in biomass: Standards, applications and key characteristics","authors":"Diego Racero-Galaraga ,&nbsp;Jesús D. Rhenals-Julio ,&nbsp;Stiven Sofan-German ,&nbsp;Jorge M. Mendoza ,&nbsp;Antonio Bula-Silvera","doi":"10.1016/j.rechem.2024.101886","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rechem.2024.101886","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Proximate analysis is a crucial method for characterizing biofuels, as it provides detailed information on moisture, volatile matter, ash, and fixed carbon content. This analysis is essential for evaluating the viability of biomass and optimizing its applications, particularly in renewable energy production. Understanding these parameters helps in comparing different biomass types and determining the best methods for their utilization or pretreatment to enhance efficiency. This study aims to address a gap in the literature by focusing specifically on biomass, in contrast to other fuels like coal and coke, which fall outside the scope of this research. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using the Web of Science database, with a focus on the standards, applications, and characteristics of proximate analysis as they pertain to biomass. The review was organized into four main categories: proximate analysis, volatiles, ash, and fixed carbon. While standards for proximate analysis are well-established for various materials, this study emphasizes the importance of specific protocols tailored to biomass to ensure accurate application. The findings suggest that a clearer understanding of the standards and characteristics of proximate analysis is essential for its accurate implementation and interpretation. This study addresses gaps in current practices and offers recommendations for future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":420,"journal":{"name":"Results in Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 101886"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142587231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}