Renewable Energy最新文献

{"title":"Heteropolyacid catalyzed direct transformation of biomass-derivable platform chemicals into alkyl levulinates","authors":"Gopika Jagannivasan ,&nbsp;Jayasree G. Elambalassery ,&nbsp;Swathi Mukundan ,&nbsp;Jorge Beltramini ,&nbsp;Suja Haridas","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.123672","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.123672","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biomass, an abundant and sustainable feedstock, offers significant potential for reducing fossil fuel dependence and advancing a circular economy. Sustainable biomass valorisation bids a viable solution to biomass disposal and attainment of ‘carbon neutrality’. The catalytic valorisation of biomass-derived intermediates is crucial for sustainable production of industrially significant bio-based chemicals. Among these, alkyl levulinates have garnered considerable attention as bio-derivable fuel additives and high-value fine chemicals. This study explores the selective synthesis of alkyl levulinates <em>via</em> heteropolyacid-catalyzed esterification of levulinic acid, achieving high yields within a short reaction time. Additionally, the direct conversion of carbohydrates demonstrated the feasibility of transforming glucose, fructose, and sucrose into ethyl levulinate, with yields of 34 ± 2 %, 32 ± 2 %, and 68 ± 2 %, respectively. These findings highlight the potential of carbohydrate feedstocks in sustainable catalytic transformations and establish heteropolyacids as efficient catalysts for biomass based ester production. In addition to esterification, the catalyst exhibited notable transesterification efficiency, underscoring its versatility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 123672"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medium to long-term optimization model and scheduling strategy for cascade hydropower plants under high penetration of variable renewable energy","authors":"Wang Peng ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Jiang ,&nbsp;Yichao Xu ,&nbsp;Zenghai Zhao ,&nbsp;Fangliang Zhu ,&nbsp;Jie Gao ,&nbsp;Peng Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.123739","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.123739","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The integration of high penetration of variable renewable energy (VRE) into cascade hydropower plants exacerbates the need for operational reliability, necessitating decision support technologies to manage the increased complexity. This study proposes a medium to long-term optimization model for a hydro-wind-photovoltaic system to accommodate high VRE penetration. The model employs a logical constraint approach to balance water spillage and power curtailment, and a Variational Time Scale (VTS) framework is developed to improve computational efficiency. Model validation and scheduling strategy analysis confirm that the model boosted computational efficiency, reduced water spillage and prevented unnecessary spillage when the reservoir was not full. The optimization model successfully facilitated the transition of hydropower from the flood season to the pre-flood period, and significantly increased the total power generation by reducing the power curtailment during flood season. The differences in the regulating capacities of hydropower plants and variations in hydrological conditions have a significant impact on scheduling strategies. In wet years, the reservoir water level tends to drawdown more deeply, often entering the drawdown phase as early as February. These results confirm the active compensation potential of cascade hydropower plants under high penetration of VRE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 123739"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eco-friendly derived Cu-TiO2/g-C3N4 nanocomposite for photocatalytic degradation and water remediation","authors":"Ezhaveni Sathiyamoorthi ,&nbsp;Jintae Lee ,&nbsp;Mysoon M. Al-Ansari ,&nbsp;Rithika M ,&nbsp;Rajasree Shanmuganathan","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.123718","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.123718","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One strategy that shows promise for addressing both the energy crisis and global warming is the photocatalytic reduction of CO₂. Enhancing photocatalytic activity through inexpensive, high-performance co-catalysts is an effective strategy. In this study, green Cu nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) have been loaded onto a TiO₂/g-C₃N₄ nanocomposite, which acts as an excellent electron conductor. One method used to create Cu-TiO₂/g-C₃N₄ nanocomposites was a sequential deposition method, where 5 % TiO₂/g-C₃N₄ was modified with various Cu concentrations (5, 15, 20, 25, and 30 mg), labeled as ACT, BCT, CCT, DCT, and ECT, respectively. UV–vis DRS, SEM, XPS, and XRD analyses were used to evaluate the photocatalysts. Among these, CCT (20 mg Cu-NPs) exhibited the maximum level of photocatalysis CO₂ reduction activity in sunlight, achieving 5.1 μmolg⁻¹h⁻¹ for CO and 1.2 μmolg⁻¹h⁻¹ for CH₄. The yield of CH₄ in the visible range was twice that in the UV range for CCT. The sequential deposition method effectively created a strong Cu-TiO₂/g-C₃N₄ interface, facilitating the division of electron-hole pairs produced by photosynthesis. TiO₂ acted as an electron acceptor, enhancing the participation of electrons produced by photosynthesis in the CO₂ reduction process. Cu-TiO₂/g-C₃N₄ proved to be a potent catalyst for the photocatalytic reduction of potassium dichromate (Cr(VI)) under visible light, achieving a high degradation rate of 92.15 %. This dual functionality highlights the versatility of Cu-TiO₂/g-C₃N₄ materials for environmental remediation and sustainable energy applications. The fabrication of Cu-TiO₂/g-C₃N₄ composites for catalytic CO₂ reduction will address existing challenges and hold promise for future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 123718"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144272166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal adaptability analysis and thermal performance optimization of breathable and heterogeneous phase change material (B&H-PCM) walls","authors":"Chenxiao Zheng ,&nbsp;Shijie Zhang ,&nbsp;Guanyuan Feng ,&nbsp;Man Fan ,&nbsp;Kaiyong Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.123688","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.123688","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phase change materials and ventilation significantly enhanced thermal performance of walls, while different parameter combinations exhibited varying effects, particularly for heterogeneous phase change materials across different seasons. This study aimed to identify the optimal parameter combination of composite phase change materials (CPCMs) for breathable and heterogeneous phase change material (B&amp;H-PCM) walls to improve seasonal adaptability in winter and summer. A numerical model of B&amp;H-PCM wall was established, examining the effects of phase change temperature, latent heat, thermal conductivity and thickness of double-layer CPCMs, and the optimization was performed using the Taguchi method. To comprehensively assess the energy-saving potential and thermal comfort level of B&amp;H-PCM wall, a measure of key response (MKR) was introduced. The optimal parameter combination for CPCMs across different seasons were determined as: for paraffin wax/porous silica in the exterior layer, the phase change temperature, latent heat, thermal conductivity and thickness were 30∼36 °C, 150 kJ/kg, 0.1 W/(m·K) and 33 mm respectively, and for paraffin wax/expanded graphite in the interior layer, the corresponding values were 22∼26 °C, 200 kJ/kg, 2.2 W/(m·K) and 43 mm respectively. Following optimization, the thermal performance of B&amp;H-PCM wall improved significantly, with MKR values increasing by 59.3 % in summer and 138.2 % in winter.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 123688"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144253489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel efficient solar-gas assisted hydrogen-electricity cogeneration system based on photo-thermal energy cascade conversion: modeling and performance analysis","authors":"Zihui Xu,&nbsp;Shiquan Shan,&nbsp;Biao Zhang,&nbsp;Zhihua Wang,&nbsp;Zhijun Zhou,&nbsp;Kefa Cen","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.123698","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.123698","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, an efficient solar-gas assisted hydrogen-electricity cogeneration system is proposed. It constructs from thermos-photovoltaics (TPV), supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle (SCO₂-BC) and Cu-Cl chemical cycle according to photo-thermal energy cascade conversion. A system thermophysical analysis model is established and the effect of parameters on the electricity/hydrogen production efficiency and irreversible loss are investigated based on second law. The design concept is proposed that using by-product oxygen from hydrogen generation to assist combustion for system stable running. Besides, the superiority of the novel system is discussed by comparing with different configurations. The results show that the concentration ratio, TPV area, and turbine inlet temperature can be used to adjust the ratio of electricity/hydrogen production. In actual applications, the system can keep continuous and efficient by appropriately increasing the oxygen ratio when solar energy input is insufficient. The second law analysis shows the exergy destruction factor of TPV module is the largest (about 30 %), followed by receiver module (11.68 %). The system energy efficiency can reach 61.26 % for electricity/hydrogen cogeneration, and the equivalent electrical efficiency can reach 52.98 %, which has obvious advantages compared with other different system configurations. This work provides guidance for the development of solar high-efficiency hydrogen/electricity cogeneration technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 123698"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144321197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on load distribution characteristics and wind-resistant performance of standstill wind turbines considering the effect of wind veer","authors":"Tao Wu ,&nbsp;YiEr Cheng ,&nbsp;Ying Sun ,&nbsp;Jian Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.123726","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.123726","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing size of wind turbines has amplified the effects of wind veer, leading to significant differences in the response of wind turbines under varying wind fields. This study, based on Ekman theory, uses CFD simulations to investigate the effect of wind veer on wind load distribution of DTU 10 MW wind turbine under shutdown state. The effectiveness of the numerical method is verified by comparing the node pressure of tower, blade and rotor thrust with results from OpenFAST. A numerical model of the wind turbine is developed in ANSYS to assess its wind-resistance performance. The results indicate that wind veer significantly alters the responses of wind turbine. Specifically, compared with the wind field without veering, the lateral thrust of the wind turbine at 30° veering angle increases by nearly 6 times, while the torque around the z-axis increases by nearly 8 times, resulting in more pronounced torsional deformation of the wind turbine. Moreover, the wind veer changes the locations of maximum displacement and stress on wind turbine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 123726"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144306380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic fragility analysis of near-fault mountainous wind turbines considering source-path-site effects","authors":"Wenze Wang ,&nbsp;Jianze Wang ,&nbsp;Kaoshan Dai ,&nbsp;Zhenning Ba ,&nbsp;Mengtao Wu ,&nbsp;Baofeng Zhou ,&nbsp;Reza Sharbati ,&nbsp;Ashraf El Damatty","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.123706","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.123706","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the increasing demand for renewable energy, the deployment of wind turbines (WTs) in mountainous areas has surged, raising concerns about the associated seismic risk. The seismic fragility of these turbines is governed by a combination of factors, including the characteristics of the seismic source, the propagation paths, and the site-specific conditions. However, there is limited understanding of how these coupled source-path-site effects impact WT fragility, creating a critical knowledge gap that impedes the development of reliable seismic design guidelines for wind farms in mountainous areas. To address this issue, a physics-based method for fragility assessment is proposed, combining scenario-specific ground motion simulations with a hybrid semi-analytical-numerical modeling approach. This methodology integrates three computational components: (i) the frequency-wavenumber (FK) technique to compute the semi-analytical Green's function for a semi-infinite crustal space, (ii) the spectral element method (SEM) for efficient wavefield simulations in heterogeneous terrains, and (iii) the finite element method (FEM) for detailed nonlinear modeling of WT structural responses. The FK-SEM-FEM framework enables end-to-end simulation of seismic wave propagation from fault rupture to the nonlinear structural response of the WTs. The study analyzes the effects of key parameters on the seismic performance of WTs in mountainous regions, and introduces, for the first time, a fragility model for WTs considering diverse mountain geometries. The results indicate that the seismic response of WTs on mountaintops can be amplified by 1.16–3.02 times compared to those at the base. The combined effect of fault rupture mode and local site effects leads to spatially variable damage patterns, making WTs on mountaintops more susceptible to failure. The findings reveal that current seismic design codes for WTs in mountainous areas are inadequate, highlighting the need for immediate updates to address these risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 123706"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144306274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards a sustainable future with renewable energy and load capacity factor: Institutions, technology, energy and climate policy uncertainties","authors":"Ugur Korkut Pata","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.123710","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.123710","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>China is a country with high levels of ecological pollution, uncertainties in energy and climate policies, and significant technological investment. The improvement of environmental quality and progress in renewable energy in China can spill over to other countries through the spillover effect and contribute to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Against this background, the study examines the effects of energy policy uncertainty (ENPU), climate policy uncertainty (CLPU), institutional quality (INS), and ICT on the load capacity factor (LCF) and renewable energy consumption for the period 2003m1-2022m10 using novel quantile-based time series methods. The findings of the Fourier quantile causality test (FQCT) indicate that ENPU and CLPU reduce the LCF, while ICT and INS support the increase in ecological quality. The outcomes also show that ICT is ineffective in terms of REC, while ENPU, CLPU, and INS increase REC. The multivariate quantile-on-quantile approach confirms the robustness of the results with similar findings to FQCT. Based on the results, the Chinese government should consider the impact of ENPU and CLPU in expanding REC, reduce ENPU and CLPU to improve environmental quality under the SDGs, and promote the development of institutional quality to increase REC and LCF.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 123710"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144306270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metallic-like WN as electron harvester decorated on sulfur vacancy rich CdS single crystal for boosting photocatalytic hydrogen production","authors":"Wei Deng ,&nbsp;Yifan Shao ,&nbsp;Xuqiang Hao ,&nbsp;Ping Li ,&nbsp;Zhiliang Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.123689","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.123689","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing efficient, stable, low-cost, and earth-rich cocatalysts has been proven to be an effective strategy for achieving highly active semiconductor-based photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water splitting. Herein, a Schottky junction was rationally fabricated by noble-metal-free metallic tungsten nitride (WN) and sulfur vacancies-rich CdS single crystals (WN/CdS) for competent photocatalytic H₂ evolution. The density functional theory (DFT) calculation results indicated that metallic properties of WN. Systematic investigations reveal that metallic-like WN can be acted as a novel superior electron harvester to rapid capture and transfer photogenerated charges, which can be confirmed by the fluorescence, time-resolved fluorescence spectra (TRPL) and photoelectrochemical characterization and <em>in-situ</em> XPS. And the sulfur vacancies also can act as electron trappers to enhance carrier separation and electron transfer. Thus, the synergistic effect of sulfur vacancies and Schottky junction greatly enhance the photocatalytic H₂ production activity. In addition, the more negative zeta potential of 10 %WN/CdS means the stronger protons adsorption well as promoted hydrogen evolution activity. The maximum photocatalytic H₂ evolution activity of 15.02 mmol g⁻¹ is achieved over 10 % WN/CdS composite, which is about 2.34 folds of pristine CdS, respectively. Meanwhile, a super photostability over ten consecutive cycles of light irradiation of 100 h is also achieved for photocatalytic hydrogen generation. This work certifies the metallic WN is a promising candidate to construct higher-performance heterostructured photocatalyst for efficient energy conversion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 123689"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144261872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modal dynamics of wind turbine wake meandering from lidar observations","authors":"Nicholas Hamilton,&nbsp;Paula Doubrawa,&nbsp;Patrick Moriarty,&nbsp;Stefano Letizia,&nbsp;Regis Thedin","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.123555","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.123555","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Horizontal scans from nacelle-mounted lidars provide time series measurements of wind turbine wakes across diverse atmospheric conditions, enabling analysis of coherent turbulent structures that influence wake meandering through proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). While low-order modes capture the most energetic turbulent structures, our analysis reveals that they do not necessarily dominate wake meandering dynamics. We evaluate more than 16,000 combinatorial reconstructions of the flow field for each inflow case, demonstrating that mode relevance depends on mode symmetry, turbulent kinetic energy content, and inflow characteristics. Cases with low turbulence intensity and large integral timescales show stronger correlations between POD modes and wake meandering, whereas higher turbulence conditions (turbulence intensity <span><math><mo>&gt;</mo></math></span> 7%) are less effectively described by reduced-order models. However, the qualitative similarity of POD modes across varied atmospheric conditions suggests the potential existence of a semi-universal basis for representing wind turbine wakes, with implications for improving engineering wake models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"254 ","pages":"Article 123555"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144298529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}