Renewable EnergyPub Date : 2025-04-04DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.122988
Kiet Tuan Hoang , Sjoerd Boersma , Ali Mesbah , Lars Struen Imsland
{"title":"Multi-objective Bayesian optimisation over sparse subspaces for model predictive control of wind farms","authors":"Kiet Tuan Hoang , Sjoerd Boersma , Ali Mesbah , Lars Struen Imsland","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.122988","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.122988","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As model mismatch (uncertainty) is inevitable, fine-tuning control strategies with closed-loop performance data is critical. This is relevant for model predictive control (MPC) in wind farms (WFs), as inaccurate wake models affect performance. However, challenges such as conflicting control objectives, limited closed-loop data due to expensive experiments, and the high-dimensional design spaces of these MPC formulations make tuning non-trivial. Inspired by the notion of performance-oriented learning, we propose a multi-objective (MO) Bayesian optimisation (BO) framework over sparse subspaces to address these challenges systematically for increased closed-loop MPC performance. To show the efficacy of the BO approach, a simulation case study with a 3x3 WF is investigated where the control objective is to provide secondary frequency regulation while minimising dynamic loading for an MPC with 28 design parameters to auto-tune. Simulations show that the proposed framework achieves a good balance between two conflicting WF control objectives, where dynamic loading is reduced by 51.59% compared to a nominal MPC whose performance is not tuned using closed-loop data while still achieving similar tracking performance. The proposed method is general and can be applied regardless of a closed-loop control goal, WF specifications (complexity, topology, location), or controller formulation for multi-objective constrained control of WFs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 122988"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143792154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Renewable EnergyPub Date : 2025-04-04DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.123030
Yunyu Guo , Yuchen Jiang , Lihua Wang , Linghui Kong , Chao Li , Yangfan Zhang , Shu Zhang , Xun Hu
{"title":"Activating reaction intermediates in steam reforming with microwave heating for suppressing coke formation","authors":"Yunyu Guo , Yuchen Jiang , Lihua Wang , Linghui Kong , Chao Li , Yangfan Zhang , Shu Zhang , Xun Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.123030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.123030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microwave heating in steam reforming (SR) could selectively agitate reaction intermediates with polar functionalities including precursors of coke, which might affect tendency of coking and properties of coke. This was verified here by conducting SR of acetic acid, glycerol, toluene, and guaiacol with microwave heating and furnace heating at 300–600 °C with Ni/Mg-Al-LDH as a catalyst. The results showed that microwave heating promoted catalytic activity via enhancing mobilizing reaction intermediates and their collision/reactions. This accelerated gasification of carbonaceous intermediates with steam, forming less coke in SR of all the reactants. Specifically, coke from SR of toluene with microwave heating was only ca. 65 % of that from furnace heating, while the ratio of coke formed from microwave heating to furnace heating in SR of guaiacol even reached ca. 54 %. Enhanced gasification of carbonaceous species with microwave heating also formed aliphatic structures in coke. Generally, the coke from microwave heating was very aromatic with significantly higher C/H ratio and more disordered structures than that from furnace heating. Enhanced aromatization of reaction intermediates to carbon nanotubes was observed in SR of acetic acid with microwave heating, while the coke from furnace heating was highly amorphous. Abundant hydrocarbon intermediates from toluene and oxygen-rich intermediates from glycerol or guaiacol formed nanotube-form coke of smooth or rough surfaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 123030"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143792257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thermogravimetric, kinetic and thermodynamic behaviour of raw and hydrothermally pretreated oil cakes during pyrolysis and TG-FTIR analysis of the gaseous products","authors":"Aleksandra Petrovič , Sabina Vohl , Sven Gruber , Klemen Rola , Tjaša Cenčič Predikaka , Lidija Čuček , Danijela Urbancl","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.123041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.123041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pyrolysis of raw and hydrothermally (HTC) pretreated pumpkin (PC) and hemp (HC) oilseed cakes was investigated for the first time using thermogravimetric, kinetic and thermodynamic analyses. The influence of the HTC pretreatment and the type of reaction liquid (whey or water) on the pyrolysis was investigated and the pyrolysis gases were analysed.</div><div>The HTC pretreatment increases the biochar yield with values of up to 44 wt% compared to raw oil cakes (∼27 wt%). The HTC pretreatment with whey resulted in a higher energy and biochar yield and better biochar properties than the pretreatment with water. The tested oil cakes provided comparable energy yields, although HC provided higher biochar yields, while PC biochar showed higher hydrophobicity. The kinetic modelling shows that the activation energies (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>E</mi><mi>α</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>) for the pyrolysis of the raw oil cakes varied between 93.6 and 529.9 kJ/mol for PC and between 71.3 and 669.9 kJ/mol for the HC sample. HTC pretreatment in water media increased the <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>E</mi><mi>α</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> values, while the use of whey led to a decrease in the <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>E</mi><mi>α</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> values. TG-FTIR analysis of the emitted gases showed that the HTC treatment affected the release of CO<sub>2</sub> and hydrocarbons as well as the pyrolysis mechanism and reaction pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 123041"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Renewable EnergyPub Date : 2025-04-03DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.123033
Shiteng Tan , Zhenghui Zhao , Kai Zhang , Bingdong Zhang , Qianqian Yin , Yue Zhang , Ruikun Wang
{"title":"Digestate derived porous biochar through thermochemical nitrogen self-doping as an efficient cathode catalyst for microbial fuel cells","authors":"Shiteng Tan , Zhenghui Zhao , Kai Zhang , Bingdong Zhang , Qianqian Yin , Yue Zhang , Ruikun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.123033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.123033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a promising technology for sustainable energy production using renewable resources. The development of low-cost and efficient cathode catalysts is an effective way to promote the practical application of MFC. This study proposes a hydrothermal process combined with pyrolysis activation method to convert digestate into nitrogen-rich porous biochar catalysts. The nitrogen in the raw material is effectively embedded into the carbon skeleton during the hydrothermal process, increasing the number of active sites. The three-dimensional porous structure of the material promotes the transport and diffusion of reactants in the catalyst. The results show that the catalyst (HT-PC-KOH) with hydrothermal followed by KOH activation had the highest nitrogen retention rate and excellent pore structure. The maximum power density of the MFC loaded with HT-PC-KOH is 1814 mW/m<sup>2</sup>, which represents 84 % of the power density of Pt/C. This work provides a new method for converting biomass into an oxygen reduction catalyst and makes a significant contribution to the efficient production of renewable energy from MFC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 123033"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143807912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Renewable EnergyPub Date : 2025-04-03DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.122931
J.M. Rodríguez-Muñoz , I. Bove , R. Alonso-Suárez , P.A. Galione
{"title":"On the choice of the parameter identification procedure in quasi-dynamic testing of low-temperature solar collectors","authors":"J.M. Rodríguez-Muñoz , I. Bove , R. Alonso-Suárez , P.A. Galione","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.122931","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.122931","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ISO 9806:2017 standard is widely used to characterize the thermal performance of solar collectors. It permits two test methods: Steady State Testing (SST) and Quasi-Dynamic Testing (QDT). While SST requires high stability and clear sky conditions, which limit its application, QDT offers more flexibility in sky conditions. In contrast, the QDT method adds complexity due to the handling of transient phenomena during data processing. There are two approaches to parameter identification in QDT: multilinear regression (MLR) and dynamic parameter identification (DPI). MLR, the most common tool, faces challenges with certain collector types and its results depend on the data averaging time. DPI, while more complex, has the potential to overcome MLR’s shortcomings. Which of these two methods is most suitable for testing low-temperature solar collectors in a broad sense is an issue that has not yet been addressed. This work provides evidence that the DPI procedure is more convenient than the MLR procedure, especially for evacuated tube collectors with heat pipes. Specifically, it is shown that DPI produces more reliable test results and provides more accurate estimates of useful power, and it exhibits less variability with respect to data averaging time, demonstrating its improved robustness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 122931"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Renewable EnergyPub Date : 2025-04-03DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.123026
Neeraj Budhraja, Amit Pal, R.S. Mishra
{"title":"Vortex flow plasma reforming for hydrogen production from atomized water-methanol mixture and parameter optimization using RSM and ANN-GA","authors":"Neeraj Budhraja, Amit Pal, R.S. Mishra","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.123026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.123026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen energy is the cleanest energy. It has many applications in different sectors, such as power generation, industrial, and transportation. The conventional H<sub>2</sub> production methods are energy-consuming and generate a huge amount of pollution. Hence, a non-polluting method for H<sub>2</sub> production is necessary to utilize the benefit of cleaner fuel. The current work used a vortex flow plasma reforming process to generate H<sub>2</sub> from the methanol-water mixture. The process involved plasmolysis of methanol-water mixture to produce H<sub>2</sub>. Additionally, the process parameters like feed flow rate (0.5–4.5 LPM), methanol concentration (5–35 %) and voltage (4–8 V) were optimized using RSM and ANN-GA models, and the influencing parameters were determined using the ANOVA test. The results showed an optimal hydrogen production rate of 229.2 mol/day (for 0.3 MHz), 265.0 mol/day (for 1.7 MHz) and 285.8 mol/day (for 2.4 MHz) for RSM at 4.5 LPM and 35 % methanol concentration while 267.0 mol/day for ANN-GA at 4.5 LPM, 33.8 % methanol concentration and 7.4 kV input voltage. The optimized parameters were used in the experimental setup, and an error of 4–7 % was observed for the RSM model and 2.5 % for the ANN-GA model. Therefore, the ANN-GA model showed better reliability than the RSM model. Further, the results may be used for commercial-scale H<sub>2</sub> production for various applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 123026"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Renewable EnergyPub Date : 2025-04-03DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.123029
Anderson Gabriel Corrêa , Willian Cézar Nadaleti , Eduarda Gomes de Souza , Maele Costa dos Santos , Pascal Silas Thue , Tracey Temple
{"title":"Enhancing biomass energy recovery in Brazil's agro-industrial sector: Innovating biogas, biomethane, and hydrogen production through peach syrup waste management","authors":"Anderson Gabriel Corrêa , Willian Cézar Nadaleti , Eduarda Gomes de Souza , Maele Costa dos Santos , Pascal Silas Thue , Tracey Temple","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.123029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.123029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to assess the potential for energy recovery from waste generated by the peach processing industry in the Brazilan state of Rio Grande do Sul. The generation of semi-solid residues during the production of peach in syrup, as the potential for biogas, CH<sub>4</sub>, and H<sub>2</sub> production through anaerobic digestion, was investigated. The undertaking of two different methodologies allowed us to estimate the potential for H<sub>2</sub> production and to facilitate comparisons. The processing ranges from 216 to 19,200 tons of fruit annually and generates 4800 tons.year<sup>−1</sup>of semisolid residues. The results indicate that CH<sub>4</sub> production could reach 5.79E+05 m<sup>3</sup> year<sup>−1</sup>, giving a total electricity generation of 1.74E+06 kWh.year<sup>−1</sup>. Additionally, a total H<sub>2</sub> production of 5.60E+06 m<sup>3</sup> year<sup>−1</sup> was estimated. These findings suggest that the management of the waste bi-products from peach processing industry has significant potential for contributing to renewable energy generation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 123029"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143792255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Renewable EnergyPub Date : 2025-04-03DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.123031
Parnapalle Ravi , Sivasankara Rao Ede , Jin-Seo Noh
{"title":"A study on rationally designed GaN:ZnO/NiSe2 composite for photocatalytic hydrogen production under artificial as well as natural solar light","authors":"Parnapalle Ravi , Sivasankara Rao Ede , Jin-Seo Noh","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.123031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.123031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study demonstrates the effective synthesis of octahedral shaped GaN:ZnO microparticles using NH<sub>4</sub>Cl as nitrogen source and cubic NiSe<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles utilizing hydrothermal method. Then the GaN:ZnO particles were readily combined with NiSe<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles, leading to the formation of a Schottky barrier at the GaN:ZnO and NiSe<sub>2</sub> interface. The physicochemical and optical properties of the prepared compounds were analysed using XRD, SEM, HR-TEM, XPS, and UV–Vis characterization techniques. The metallic nature and suitable work function of NiSe<sub>2</sub> accelerated the activity of GaN:ZnO. The effect of different weight percentages of NiSe<sub>2</sub> on the GaN:ZnO surface has been investigated. Under the optimal conditions, the photocatalyst achieved a remarkable H<sub>2</sub> evolution rate of 26,400 μmol h<sup>−1</sup>.g<sup>−1</sup><sub>cat</sub>. The enhanced hydrogen evolution rate is attributed to the combined effects of NiSe<sub>2</sub> on GaN:ZnO. As the wt % of NiSe<sub>2</sub> changes, the photocatalytic activity closely aligns with the light penetration effect. Moreover, beyond evaluating the catalytic activity, this study delves into activity under natural sunlight, and reusability over five cycles shows that it retains 88 % of its original performance alongside conversion efficiency of solar-to-hydrogen is also calculated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 123031"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143792156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Renewable EnergyPub Date : 2025-04-03DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.123032
Tao Tan , Zetao Huang , Zuhao Li , Taoli Huhe , Zhige Zhang , Yushu Chen , Yong Chen
{"title":"Introducing an improved rime algorithm combined with gate current unit as an innovative stability monitoring and controlling model for flexible biogas-to-hydrogen/methanol system","authors":"Tao Tan , Zetao Huang , Zuhao Li , Taoli Huhe , Zhige Zhang , Yushu Chen , Yong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.123032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.123032","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 123032"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Day ahead solar forecast using long short term memory network augmented with Fast Fourier transform-assisted decomposition technique","authors":"Abhijeet Rathore , Priya Gupta , Raksha Sharma , Rhythm Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.123021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.renene.2025.123021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work aims to develop a hybrid model for multistep PV power forecasting. The model comprises of decomposition (Noise Assisted Multivariate Empirical Mode Decomposition: NA-MEMD), dimensionality reduction (Fast Fourier Transform: FFT), and advanced deep learning (Attention mechanism-based Long short-term memory: AM-LSTM) methods. NA-MEMD addresses the non-stationary and nonlinear characteristics of complex multivariate time series data by splitting them into a number of subseries known as Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs). A large pool of IMFs is reduced to five sets of subseries using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). Finally, the model incorporates the advanced AM-LSTM technique, where the attention mechanism focuses on essential features while disregarding the irrelevant ones. The proposed N-FFT-AM-LSTM model demonstrates superior performance across multiple locations, with an average RMSE (W/m<sup>2</sup>) | nRMSE (%) | R-value of 62.97 | 6.33 | 0.9721. The proposed model surpasses both the AM-LSTM and N-AM-LSTM models, showcasing % mean RMSE (nRMSE) reduction of 36.86 % (35.25 %) and 12.98 % (11.56 %), respectively. These findings highlight the effectiveness of our approach, that is the N-FFT-AM-LSTM model, in accurately predicting solar irradiance levels across varied geographical regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":419,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy","volume":"247 ","pages":"Article 123021"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143783558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}