A study on long-term operation and performance loss rates of various PV technologies in eastern Poland

IF 9.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable Energy Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI:10.1016/j.renene.2025.124548

Slawomir Gulkowski , José Vicente Muñoz Díez , Jorge Aguilera Tejero , Piotr Dragan , Gustavo Nofuentes

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Abstract

Despite Poland's rapid PV deployment, long-term system performance studies are virtually nonexistent. This paper analyzes the four-year performance of four small PV systems in Bordziłówka, eastern Poland, each using a different technology: polycrystalline silicon (pc-Si), amorphous silicon (a-Si), cadmium telluride (CdTe), and copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS). The analysis focuses on energy yields, yield losses, performance metrics and performance loss rates (PLR, in %·y⁻¹), the latter calculated via Classical Series Decomposition and Year-on-Year methods. Pc-Si outperformed the others, with an average annual yield 2 % higher than CIGS and 25–60 % higher than a-Si and CdTe. Performance ratio (PR) values ranged from 0.88 to 0.85 for pc-Si and 0.87–0.82 for CIGS, while a-Si and CdTe showed lower PR (0.66–0.63 and 0.46–0.26, respectively). CdTe exhibited the highest degradation with PLR of −15.2 ± 4.45 %·y⁻¹ (YoY), contrasting with pc-Si's PLR −0.67 ± 0.89 %·y⁻¹ (YoY), which aligns with warranty standards and global literature.

Although based on a limited sample, the results offer valuable insights for PV deployment not only for Poland, but for cold-temperate climates, with relevance to Eastern Europe, Central Asia, and northern North America. The study highlights the importance of long-term, region-specific monitoring to guide technology selection and energy policy.

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波兰东部各种光伏技术的长期运行和性能损失率研究

尽管波兰的光伏发电部署迅速，但长期的系统性能研究几乎不存在。本文分析了波兰东部Bordziłówka四个小型光伏系统的四年性能，每个系统使用不同的技术：多晶硅（pc-Si），非晶硅（a- si），碲化镉（CdTe）和铜铟硒化镓（CIGS）。分析的重点是能源产量、产量损失、性能指标和性能损失率（PLR，单位为%·y−1），后者通过经典序列分解和年同比方法计算。Pc-Si表现优异，平均年收益率比CIGS高2%，比a-Si和CdTe高25 - 60%。pc-Si的性能比（PR）为0.88 ~ 0.85，CIGS为0.87 ~ 0.82，而a-Si和CdTe的PR较低，分别为0.66 ~ 0.63和0.46 ~ 0.26。CdTe表现出最高的降解率，其PLR为- 15.2±4.45%·y−1 (YoY)，而pc-Si的PLR为- 0.67±0.89%·y−1 (YoY)，这与保修标准和全球文献一致。虽然基于有限的样本，但研究结果不仅为波兰的光伏部署提供了有价值的见解，而且还为东欧、中亚和北美北部的寒温带气候提供了宝贵的见解。这项研究强调了长期的、针对特定地区的监测对指导技术选择和能源政策的重要性。

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来源期刊

Renewable Energy 工程技术-能源与燃料

CiteScore

18.40

自引率

9.20%

发文量

1955

审稿时长

6.6 months

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