Herald of an Archivist最新文献

{"title":"Memoirs and Autobiographical Fragments in Official Documents of the 19th Century on the Example of the Siberian Governors’-General Reports","authors":"N. Matkhanova","doi":"10.28995/2073-0101-2023-1-34-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2023-1-34-44","url":null,"abstract":"The article reflects on boundary line of ego-documents and their inherent features. The author reviews the existing notions and offers her own approach. One traditional approach identifies memoir and/or autobiographical fragments in other types of documents. Another expands the corpus of ego-documents by including sources containing memoir and/or autobiographical fragments. Adherers of the latter approach postulate that professional autobiographies, official letters, formal requests, etc. convey personal traits, providing information about their authors and their feelings and emotional state. This article proposes a compromise solution: to include such texts in the corpus of ego-documents, placing them to its periphery, if size and significance of memoir and/or autobiographical fragments is substantial; in other instances, to indicate the presence of such fragments, noting their significance for characterization of the author’s personality. The article develops a definition, according to which memoir and/or autobiographical fragment is a thematically or plot-completed textual fragment reflecting personality or memory of certain person(s), incorporated in a text that is not memoir in its origin and purpose, created at the initiative of an author and containing direct personal statements. In order to identify such fragments, the article analyzes reports of the Siberian governor-generals of the 19th century; discovers circumstances and factors, under which memoir and/or autobiographical fragments most often appear in these official documents. These are: (1) first impressions of the region; (2) highlighting issues of personal interest; (3) sharing impressions that gave rise to strong emotions. The article concludes by arguing that memoir fragments often appear in the reports of governor-generals who could be characterized as enterprising, empathic people of high intellectual level, who enjoyed the emperor's trust, but (relatively) rarely had the opportunity for personal audience. These fragments are closely related to the reports’ agenda; they reflect the personality and individuality of the authors. At the same time, fragments do not change the nature of the document, thus preventing their attribution to ego-documents. Identification of such fragments and their methodical study can expand our understanding of significance and diversity of historical sources of this type, complement and enrich information about their authors. The very idea of identifying memoir and/or autobiographical fragments in documents of different types, including official government documents, seems promising and has potential for further research.","PeriodicalId":41551,"journal":{"name":"Herald of an Archivist","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69386671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organization of Archiving in the Komi Region in the 1920s","authors":"A. K. Gagieva","doi":"10.28995/2073-0101-2023-2-364-377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2023-2-364-377","url":null,"abstract":"The article is to show the organization of archiving in the Komi region in the 1920s. Thus, the following tasks have been solved: considering the conditions for formation of the regional archive and archives of organizations, their activities in acquisition and preservation of archival materials, role of regional and uezd authorities in the management of archives. A number of fundamental works are devoted to the history of national archiving formation in the 1920s; however, the organization of archiving in various regions has been studied insufficiently. The relevance of the study is enhanced by the Komi Republic archiving celebrating its centenary anniversary in 2022. The accumulated historical experience can be successfully applied today. This is especially true of the period under study, when the foundations of archiving were laid out, documents actively collected, criteria for interaction between the authorities and archival institutions determined. The article draws on published and unpublished sources deposited in the fonds of the National Archive of the Komi Republic. They are well known to researchers; however, a number of documents have not yet been presented to scholars, these are being introduced into scientific use for the first time. In addition to archival sources, published sources have also been used. In 1922, the Komi Regional Archive was opened in Ust-Sysolsk (Syktyvkar). One of the reasons for the appearance of the first archival institution in the Komi region was the first decrees and resolutions of the Soviet government in the field of archiving. The local history movement played an important role, as well as enthusiasm of some representatives of the national intelligentsia. The opening of the archive was accompanied by certain difficulties: there was practically no funding, not enough qualified personnel, etc. Only by the end of the studied period, the situation improved somewhat: district archives were opened, training of archival workers began. Considering the organization of archiving in the Komi region in the 1920s, it should be noted that archival construction began, the regional archive was acquiring and describing documents, measures were taken to preserve unique sources and to use documents for the purposes of national economic. At the same time, there was no archiving in organizations and institutions, no conditions for storing documents, almost no personnel.","PeriodicalId":41551,"journal":{"name":"Herald of an Archivist","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69388033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oil Scientist F. A. Trebin’s Letter to L. P. Beria on the State of Oil Industry in Venezuela (1949)","authors":"Kseniia S. Shevyakova","doi":"10.28995/2073-0101-2023-1-197-207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2023-1-197-207","url":null,"abstract":"The article is accompanied by publication of the report of oil scientist Foma Andreevich Trebin written during his tenure as Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Ambassador of the USSR in Venezuela (1946–49) and addressed to the Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR L.P. Beria. Appointment of F. A. Trebin to the post was connected to the \"oil\" factor, which became more significant in the foreign policy of the USSR with growing rivalry with the United States and the beginning Cold War. The Soviet government considered it strategically necessary to achieve a leading position in the oil industry, so one of the important tasks of the Soviet foreign policy was to study the experience of large oil-producing countries; especially attractive in this regard was Latin American region and, in particular, Venezuela, zone of geopolitical presence of England and the USA. The document found in the fond of the Council of Ministers of the USSR of the State Archive of the Russian Federation (GARF) in the file “On organization of geological exploration for oil and ... on changes in the oil industry of Venezuela in the first half of 1949” reflects main features of this foreign policy period. In addition to the published letter, there has been found F. A. Trebin’s report for 1948, based mostly on information taken from periodicals and thus of lesser information value than the letter. Dating identified documents allows the author to assess the delivery time of F. A. Trebin's reports to the secretariat of L. P. Beria. The reports are written in free form and differ in content: the 1948 document contains data on the export of Venezuelan oil and petroleum products to various countries, while the analytical report of 1949 is devoted to the changes in the Venezuelan oil industry in the first half of 1949. The documents differ in their informative value and style (of varying degrees of formality). After working with documents, the publisher concludes that the sources met the challenges of their time; they testify to well-established coordinating practices of the period. Thematically, the published source lies at the intersection of several topical problematic fields: history of science and technology in its \"engineering\" dimension and history of international relations in the period of intense competition between the USSR and \"bourgeois\" countries in the Latin American region in the late 1940s.","PeriodicalId":41551,"journal":{"name":"Herald of an Archivist","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69386165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kazan Pedagogical Institute in the Days of Great Terror: Kh. Gimadi's letters to the Central Committee of the CPSU (B) and Party Organization (1938)","authors":"Alina T. Galimzyanova","doi":"10.28995/2073-0101-2023-3-849-860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2023-3-849-860","url":null,"abstract":"The article reveals the degree of influence of the Great Terror policy on the formation of behavioral practices in the scientific, pedagogical, and student environment of the Kazan State Pedagogical Institute (KSPI). The author analyzes letters addressed to the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and party organizations of the KSPI. The letters, dated April 1938, were written by Khairi Gimadi, one of the leading historians of the TASSR, who stood at the origins of the Soviet historiography of the national republic. The article is to show the source studies significance of epistolary heritage in study of the Soviet humanities development in the context of ideological campaigns. Besides principles of historicism, objectivity, and integrated approach, the study uses hermeneutic method to interpret the texts content, taking into account the author’s age, marital and social status, his attitude to power, and also state’s ideological pressure on society. Having survived the days of repression, Kh. Gimadi became a candidate of historical sciences, senior researcher at the Academy of Sciences of the USSR with a degree in history of Tatarstan. He was engaged in research activities until his death in 1961. After his death, his wife carefully collected notes that he had torn, grouped them according to their content, and filed into two separate notebooks. One of these contains Kh. Gimadi's letters of application. They reflect a form of corporate ethics developed during the Great Terror and relationship between teachers and students. The study shows politically unstable living conditions of the humanitarian intelligentsia, enduring fear for the fate of loved ones. In order to survive, Soviet people often had to overstep moral boundaries and comply with the system. This inevitably led to the destruction of traditional foundations of the society and the breakdown of social ties. This led to the false notion that the only source of justice was the party. This is the reason why H. Gimadi's letters of application were written. The significance of these historical documents lies in the fact that, in addition to highlighting moral and political atmosphere in the days of mass repression, they make it possible to understand the reason behind conciliatory behavior and even complicity in mass arrests. The presented study may be of interest to specialists studying the development of Soviet historical science in the national republics and everyday life in the era of Stalinism.","PeriodicalId":41551,"journal":{"name":"Herald of an Archivist","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136208249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collection of Scientific Articles “Golden Honeycombs” Has Been Published to Celebrate the RGGU Professor E. V. Pchelov’s Anniversary","authors":"Elena Yu. Nuykina","doi":"10.28995/2073-0101-2023-3-953-959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2023-3-953-959","url":null,"abstract":"The article is a review of the collection of articles \"Golden Honeycombs,\" published in 2022 to celebrate the anniversary of professor of the Russian State University for the Humanities, specialist in the field of auxiliary historical disciplines E.V. Pchelov, author of more than 900 published works, member of national and foreign societies, including the Historical and Genealogical Society in Moscow, the Russian Genealogical Society, the Russian Historical Society, the Russian Association of Antiquarians, the International Historical Society \"Catherine the Great\" (Zerbst, Germany), and others. The collection has been prepared by his friends, colleagues and students; it can be divided into three parts. The first part is devoted to scientific, pedagogical, and educational activities of Evgeny Vladimirovich and characterizes his extensive scientific activities, showing his connection with scientific and pedagogical school of the History and Archives Institute. The range of Evgeny Vladimirovich’s scientific interests is extensive, covering issues of ancient Russian history, genealogy of ancient Russian princes, genealogical and dynastic history of the Rurikovs and the Romanovs, history of science and art, semiotic research on the history of Russian state symbols, various problems in the field of onomastics, historical chronology, bibliography, sphragistics, numismatics, and other auxiliary historical disciplines. The second part of the collection includes articles written by E.V. Pchelov’s colleagues and friends. The publications analyze various sources covering the period from the Early Middle Ages to Modern times and touching upon problems of the history of science and everyday life, archival studies, source studies, sphragistics, genealogy, chronology, emblematics, heraldry. The most relevant historiography is demonstrated, articles are accompanied by colorful and helpful illustrations. The third section contains materials on E.V. Pchelov’s biography and work and includes a biographical reference and a list of published works from 1993 to 2021. The bibliography of published works includes monographs, textbooks and manuals, articles, abstracts, reviews of educational and methodological materials, reference publications, amounting to 939 titles. The collection can be considered a comprehensive and relevant scientific publication, expanding modern scientific knowledge on national and foreign history and auxiliary historical disciplines and contributing to expansion of the historiography of scientific areas covered in the collection.","PeriodicalId":41551,"journal":{"name":"Herald of an Archivist","volume":"135 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136208030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On Oddity of the Left Socialist Revolutionaries Uprising in the Zhizdra Uezd of the Kaluga Gubernia, July 7–14, 1918: A Source Studies Aspect","authors":"Irina B. Belova","doi":"10.28995/2073-0101-2023-1-100-116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2023-1-100-116","url":null,"abstract":"The revolt of the Left SRs (Socialist-Revolutionaries) in Moscow in July 1918 was used by the Left SR organization of the Zhizdra uezd of the Kaluga gubernia, which was supportive of the program of its Central Committee, as a pretext to remove the communists from power. The SRs counted on the fact that they held all the decision-making positions in the uezd military commissariat and were in charge of weapons. Moreover, some of the local peasants, who were the main producers of marketable bread, saw in food dictatorship and in Poor Peasants Committees a direct threat to their economic activities. They viewed the SRs as their mouthpiece and defenders of their interests and therefore supported them in their political struggle against the Bolsheviks. Having learned about the events in Moscow by early morning of July 8, 1918, the Left SRs of Zhizdra gathered several hundred peasants in the town and handed them weapons. Until July 10, the armed peasants received allowance in the uezd military commissariat. The communists of Zhizdra, having established the approximate number of armed peasants by covert observation, fled the town and left their posts. We still do not know what happened next in Zhizdra on July 8-10. On the night of July 11, an armed detachment from Kaluga arrived to help the communists of Zhizdra, but found no one, neither armed peasants, nor their leaders. This suggests that the fugitives knew the date and time of the detachment arrival in advance. Almost immediately upon his arrival, detachment commander Saltykov issued an order, announcing the establishment of martial law in the town and uezd, starting July 11. The population was ordered to hand over their weapons by 4 p.m. the following day. The uezd military commissar Trunov, who had fled, was outlawed “for counter-revolutionary actions” and was to be seized. It is worth mentioning that all this happened on the eve of the Uezd Congress of Soviets, which was to be held on July 12. The Left SRs planned to conduct and head the congress; by July 11, 25 delegates had arrived. On that day, the Zhizdra communists, no longer threatened, held a meeting and decided to thwart the congress and offered the executive committee to hold in its stead a meeting in order to inform about political events in Moscow and their local repercussions. On the same day, members of the communist faction overtook all key positions in the Uezd Executive Committee previously held by the Left SRs. As the Zikeevo volost refused to hand over weapons in peasants’ possession, Saltykov received an additional deterrent artillery gun and a group of Latvian riflemen. Having intimidated the population, the detachment entered the village of Zikeevo on July 13. There the chairman of the volost council handed over to Saltykov only 24 rifles, but promised to collect the remaining weapons and transport them to Zhizdra on the following day, July 14. Whether Saltykov received the weapons is unknown. Searches in Zhizdra on July 14 ha","PeriodicalId":41551,"journal":{"name":"Herald of an Archivist","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69385488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Historical and Anthropological Sketch on Parish Clergy Drunkenness in the Kazan Eparchy in Mid-19th Century","authors":"A. Khokhlov","doi":"10.28995/2073-0101-2023-1-249-261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2023-1-249-261","url":null,"abstract":"The article covers one of the least studied issues in Russian historiography — behavioral deviations of the Orthodox parish clergy in form of alcohol abuse (drunkenness). According to the authors, addressing this significant, interesting, and, most importantly, underestimated topic, can shed light on poorly studied aspects of the daily life of various social strata of the Russian Empire; reveal their cultural and socio-psychological features, specifics of mentality and mechanisms of everyday communication; expand the existing ideas on the appearance of parish clergy in the heyday of the Synodal era. To this end, the authors turn to archival materials stored in the State Archive of the Republic of Tatarstan. These are investigatory records of the Kazan Spiritual Consistory on priests and clergy of the Kazan diocese of the mid-19th century. Many are yet to come to the attention of researchers. Drawing on these records, a deep and complex scientific problem is identified, which is also yet to be addressed full-on. The article emphasizes the anthropological aspect and attempts to analyze the attitude to the phenomenon of “drunken cleric” in rural social space: diocesan authorities, clergy, and peasants. The study cites instances of addiction of individual representatives of the clergy, thus noting a habitude contributing to moral dissonance with the mission of the church. At the same time, there was a condescending attitude of parishioners to such deviations of their shepherds. One of the possible reasons for this, according to the authors, lies in the inherent desire of peasants to ward off all external interference in the space of rural world (in church terminology, parish), to maintain its closed character and ethical system that was formed and learned in older days. However, this attitude contributed to aggravation of negative trends among the parish clergy, to its polarization; transformed it from fighter against social vices into hostage of circumstances. Further study of this array of archival files is to clarify and expand the portrayal of this side of everyday life of the clergy of late imperial period, thus contributing to objectification of current scientific ideas on the history of the Russian Orthodox Church, its place and role in the Russian society of the second half of the 19th – early 20th century.","PeriodicalId":41551,"journal":{"name":"Herald of an Archivist","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69385905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Documents of the Boundary Archive on Land Management and Land Surveying of the Rostov Uyezd of the Yekaterinoslav Gubernia and the Don Host Lands in the Late 18th – First Half of the 19th Century","authors":"L. Stepanova","doi":"10.28995/2073-0101-2023-2-342-353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2023-2-342-353","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes possibilities of identifying and using previously unknown documents of the Land Survey Archive for studying land management and features of land surveying in the Rostov uezd of the Yekaterinoslav gubernia and the Don Host Lands. The Rostov uyezd differed from other uyezds of the Yekaterinoslav gubernia, as it did not border with it, located inside the Don Host Lands. The processes of settlement and development of new lands in the south of the Russian Empire were reflected in the administrative-territorial structure of these two territorial entities. In contrast to land surveying of the Don Host Land, the Land Surveying Archive has preserved an extensive collection of land surveying materials for the Rostov uezd of the Yekaterinoslav gubernia, in which documents related to the establishment of boundaries between these territories and land disputes with the Don Cossacks have been deposited. The objectives of the study include comparative analysis of the initial land surveying documents identified in the fond of field notes with the data of the Economic Notes on the Rostov uezd of the Yekaterinoslav gubernia and study of controversial and petty cases in order to clarify the features of the land management of two neighboring territories. To obtain statistical data on the Rostov uyezd, a database has been compiled on the basis of the Economic Notes, containing information on demographic and land resources of the uyezd. The analysis of primary documents has shown that the main work on surveying the territory of the Rostov uezd took place in the early 19th century. However, in adjacent territories, land disputes were recorded in the first decades of the 19th century that sprang from granting new lands to the Don Cossacks, settlement of new settlers in the state wasteland of the Rostov uezd, and frequent barring of Cossacks from traveling to their lands through the uezd territories. They delayed land surveying and preparation of the final documents. The study of the field notes materials permits to identify reports (skazki) of the local population and dacha owners, containing initial information for the Economic Notes compiled for the Rostov uezd. Analysis of controversial and petty cases clarifies the mechanism for resolving land disputes, establishing borders, and transferring territories to the Don Cossacks. Surveying documents introduced into scientific use permits to study the features of land management and surveying of neighboring territories, differing in their settlement and development, which in the second half of the 19th century merged into the Don Host Oblast.","PeriodicalId":41551,"journal":{"name":"Herald of an Archivist","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69387745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Children of Buryatia: Everyday Life in the Conditions of the Great Patriotic War of 1941–45","authors":"A. N. Soboleva","doi":"10.28995/2073-0101-2023-2-390-400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2023-2-390-400","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to little-studied topic of children’s daily life in the provincial rear towns. Studying daily life of wartime childhood drawing regional materials seems an urgent task for historical science, since each region is unique due to its historical, socio-economic, socio-cultural, natural-climatic, and other peculiarities. Such studies expand geographical scope and allow us to identify similarities and differences of regions and country in the whole, to recreate the atmosphere of provincial towns and villages, and to make an important contribution to creation of large-scale objective picture. The study is to identify the main features of everyday practices and adaptation strategies of Buryatia’s children under the conditions of wartime rear reality. The author pays special attention to school education, labor routine, material and domestic conditions, recreational activities, and problems of child neglect in the region in 1941–45. The sources are documents from the State Archive of the Republic of Buryatia, statistical collections, materials of central and local periodicals: newspapers Pravda, Buryat-Mongolskaya Pravda, Komsomolskaya Pravda, Vostochno-Sibirskaya Pravda. Of particular value for reconstruction of children’s wartime everyday life are personal memoirs of participants of the events of the studied period. A significant part of the sources is being introduced into the scientific use for the first time, hence the novelty of the research which permits to reach the set goal. The work uses principle of historicism, as well as special methods, typical for historical research: problem-chronological, comparative-historical, historical-genetic. It has been established that daily reality of children was hard work to meet the needs of the front and their own basic physical and domestic needs. There are known children practices of coping with war, including games offering distraction from harsh everyday realities. The materials of the article can be applied in the preparation of monographs and notes on the history of the Great Patriotic War, for studying everyday life in the rear, as well as for development of seminars and special courses in the field of national history. Children of the Great Patriotic War are a special generation, becoming an object of increasing scholarly attention.","PeriodicalId":41551,"journal":{"name":"Herald of an Archivist","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69388289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“…To Be among the Builders of Socialism.” Revisiting the Political Biography of the Former Member of the Executive Committee of the “Narodnaya Volya” M. F. Frolenko (1935)","authors":"T. Morozova","doi":"10.28995/2073-0101-2023-2-458-473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2023-2-458-473","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents unique documents newly discovered in the Russian State Archive of Contemporary History (RGANI) and draws on them to reconstruct the circumstances of M. F. Frolenko (1848–1938), one of the oldest Russian revolutionaries, former member of the “Narodnaya Volya” and pensioner of republican level, joining the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks). It focuses on M. F. Frolenko’s letter of application addressed to the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the AUCP (B) J. V. Stalin, recommendation letter of the secretary of the party collegium of the Party Control Commission under the Central Committee of the AUCP (B) E. M. Yaroslavskii, and extract from minutes of meetings of the Bureau of the Party Control Commission under the Central Committee of the AUCP (B) dated November-December 1935. The introduction argues the relevance of topic and characterizes broad historical context, necessary for understanding the essence and significance of the published materials. It shows that M. F. Frolenko was not only organizer and participant of several assassination attempts on Emperor Alexander II, but one of the few members of the Executive Committee of the “Narodnaya Volya,” who, despite his arrests and katorga, lived long enough to see the collapse of the Russian monarchy. For 18 years following the establishment of Soviet power, participation of M. F. Frolenko in the socio-political life of the country was limited to public speaking to working youth and students and his membership in the All-Union Society of Political Prisoners and Exiles. Low-profile political activity of M. F. Frolenko may be explained by his advanced age, poor health, and Bolsheviks’ distrust of members of other parties. In the first years after their coming to power, Bolsheviks willingly received former socialists, if they joined the party; however, starting from the mid-1920s, the top party leadership had raised the requirements for this category at least twice. As a result, by the mid-1930s the AUCP (B) almost completely barred members of other political parties from joining it. The more surprising was decision of 87-year-old M. F. Frolenko, who remained nonparty all this time, to become the member of the AUCP (B) in November 1935. The hypothesis suggests itself, that it was initiated by the party leadership. Higher ranks of Bolsheviks wanted M. F. Frolenko to recognize the successes of socialist construction and correctness of the general line of the AUCP (B) publicly. Soon, in 1936, it laid foundations for the concept of “complete ideological defeat of narodnichestvo” formulated by E. M. Yaroslavsky.","PeriodicalId":41551,"journal":{"name":"Herald of an Archivist","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69388570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}