Herald of an Archivist最新文献

{"title":"Acquisition of the Green Vault Treasure Collection of Augustus the Strong and His Son Augustus III by Soviet State Repository for Precious Metals and Its Transfer to the German Democratic Republic (1945–58)","authors":"A. Knyazeva","doi":"10.28995/2073-0101-2022-2-421-434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2022-2-421-434","url":null,"abstract":"The article reviews the exportation history of the Green Vault treasure, a jewels collection of the Saxon rulers, from Germany to the USSR in 1945, and that of their receipt in the State Repository (Gokhran) of the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs of the USSR. The article discusses features of accounting, studies operations with valuables in the Gokhran. The process of the Green Vault treasure transfer to the German Democratic Republic (GDR) in 1958 is described in detail. Scientific research on the history of the Dresden treasure focuses mostly on the collection’s formation in the 16th – 18th centuries, while its stay in the USSR is addressed fragmentarily, as the sources were declassified only in 2014. The article is to study the period in the history of the Green Vault treasure associated with its admission to and storage in the Gokhran in 1945–58. The author has studied documents from the Russian State Archive of Economics (fond 7733 Ministry of Finance of the USSR): inventories of the Dresden treasure, certificates, correspondence, acts, reports on the commissions’ work, balance books, etc. The documents highlight issues of the valuables receipt in the USSR, their description, classification, restoration by Soviet experts, and transfer to Germany. The methodological basis is comparative-historical, systematic, descriptive, and archival heuristics methods. The comprehensive study of archival documents enables to trace the fate of the Green Vault treasure in the Gokhran. All received valuables were credited to a special balance account. Soviet experts described 1,848 Green Vault items of high material value and great museum significance. The Green Vault treasure was returned to the GDR in November 1958; the statement of release and acceptance provides the exact number of Green Vault items in the Gokhran: 2,092 inventory numbers; 3,152 pieces and precious stones. Involvement of a large range of archival documents previously unknown in the scholarship highlights the history of the valuables’ receipt in the Gokhran, composition of the collection, degree of its preservation, and features of accounting in the Gokhran. A commission of art experts worked on the valuables’ attribution, as they were delivered without accompanying documents. The restoration preserved the treasure for future generations.","PeriodicalId":41551,"journal":{"name":"Herald of an Archivist","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69379008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of the Process of Formation of the Regional Organization of the RCP (B) of the Mari Autonomous Region in 1921–23: Archival Materials","authors":"Yuri N. Timkin","doi":"10.28995/2073-0101-2022-2-384-395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2022-2-384-395","url":null,"abstract":"The article draws on archival materials from the State Archive of the Mari El Republic and Central State Archive of the Kirov Region to study the emergence and development of the Mari regional organization of the RCP (B) in 1921–23. It is to analyze the process of formation of the Mari regional organization of the RCP (B) and to identify its specifics. The author sets himself two tasks: to clarify the features of the process of formation of the organization and the course of the intra-party conflict between “krasnokokshaytsy” and “kozmodemyantsy,” “local” and “appointees.” The novelty is determined by the fact that this is the first attempt since 1991 to analyze the process of formation of the Mari regional organization of the RCP (B). The research is written on archival material using principles of historicism and historical institutionalism. The Mari regional organization of the RCP (B) was formed in January 1921, shortly after the creation of the autonomous region. The first provisional bureau of the obkom and the revkom included the same people, producing a unified management system. This circumstance slowed down the formation of the party structures. The situation was aggravated by the fact that there were practically no industrial enterprises and corresponding infrastructure, and cultural level of the population was insufficient. The personnel shortage in the party and Soviet structures had its specifics: there were not enough trained Mari workers. However, circulars from the Central Committee demanded their engaging, as well as taking into account local specifics. In 1921–22, the situation in the party organizations worsened due to corrupting influence of the New Economic Policy, famine, and fires engulfing the region. Due to lack of educated, dedicated, and active communists, a huge responsibility fell on the local party elite from among the Mari intelligentsia. At the end of 1921, the “kozmodemyansky” conflict broke out, which nearly ended in armed clashes. The Central Committee intervened, sending party workers. Analysis of the process of formation of the Mari regional organization of the RCP (B) has shown that from its early days it faced great difficulties in its activities; in terms of social composition, it was a peasant organization. Ethno-cultural peculiarities of the region left an imprint on the relationships between the party members and caused conflicts. Overcoming them was hampered by arbitrariness of the “appointees,” as well as their resorting to repression and using contradictions between groups in their own interests.","PeriodicalId":41551,"journal":{"name":"Herald of an Archivist","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69379394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personnel Component in the Process of Transformation of Internal Affairs Agencies of the USSR: Ratio of Goals and Consequences: 1953–62","authors":"Vyacheslav Zh. Dorohov","doi":"10.28995/2073-0101-2022-2-557-570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2022-2-557-570","url":null,"abstract":"This article, based on principles of objectivity and systematicity of scientific analysis, uses historical-genetic, comparative-historical, and structural-functional methods to substantiate transformations of the law enforcement system in 1953–61 with regard to one-dimensional political task of strengthening the personal power of the new Soviet leadership. Consideration of the process of transformation of the internal affairs bodies in 1953–61 in historical and political context not only reveal the circumstances, but also substantiate the ultimate goal of the transformations. Law enforcement agencies, by nature of their construction and activities, attract attention of both state leaders and general public. Often it is the action or inaction of internal affairs bodies that accompanies changes in political situation. In the Russian history, the internal affairs bodies most often fulfilled government order to facilitate a political course. This explains periodical internal transformations of the law enforcement system. Depending on strategic or tactical goals, the state either weakened or strengthened the security wing. One of such points in the history of internal affairs bodies were the events of 1953–62, when the Soviet law enforcement agencies were subjected to a profound transformation and there was a large-scale renewal of the Ministry of Internal Affairs personnel, both in the center and the periphery. A comprehensive scientific study of the issue has not yet been conducted. Most of the works available today are devoted to some particular point (staffing, educational level of personnel, etc.), while synthetical analytical study remains to be carried out. One of the negative results of the implementation of this task was destruction of professional personnel, both in the central apparatus and in its territorial agencies. The large-scale purge of personnel, alongside with systematic criticism of the government and unflattering publications in the media, caused serious damage to prestige and authority of the entire law enforcement. Party and government goals were to reduce unjustifiably high role of the security wing in state mechanism and to replace the leaders of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, thus placing law enforcement agencies under total control of the party and the government. Systematic solution of this task resulted in constant shortage and turnover of personnel, low educational level of common and commanding staff, and decreased efficiency of almost entire structure of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Attempts to remedy the personnel problems at ministerial and local level were doomed to failure without radical change in party and government policy.","PeriodicalId":41551,"journal":{"name":"Herald of an Archivist","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69380036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“A Mold Foreign to Leninism Fetters the Forces of the Party”: A Veteran of the Ruling Party S. S. Starostin on the Problems of the USSR of Mid-1980s in a Letter Addressed to M. S. Gorbachev","authors":"Yury S. Nikiforov","doi":"10.28995/2073-0101-2022-3-891-903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2022-3-891-903","url":null,"abstract":"The article studies public discussions concerning development of the USSR by 1985. The relevance of the topic is due to the need to study various points of view existing in the Soviet society at the dawn of Perestroika. The basis of the study is classical methods of source analysis: narrative and historical-genetic. The scientific significance is due to the fact that the analytical note by S.S. Starostin on the problems of late Soviet society is being introduced into scientific use for the first time. The study fills the gap in scientific knowledge on public discussions in the USSR by mid-1980s, when the policy of Perestroika prompted both reformers and relative “conservatives” to discuss a new path of the country’s development. Of particular interest are Starostin’s ideas, which the authorities tried to implement at the final stage of Perestroika. The basis for the study is archival document found in the fond of the former chairman of the Soviet Council of Ministers N. I. Ryzhkov (fond 653 of the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History). In April 1985, Starostin’s note was sent to M. S. Gorbachev, who had recently assumed the post of General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU. The article is to study the nostalgic view on the development of the USSR on the eve of Perestroika. It attempts to reconstruct the value system of the author of the letter. The study is based on traditional methodology of classical source studies. The analyzed document is a monument of social thought reflecting disappointment with the Brezhnev era and hopes for a new Soviet leader. It has been established that, according to his ideological views, Starostin can be called a supporter of the mobilization model of economy built on moral and political incentives. He favoured a retrospective presentation of problems in comparison with the Stalin period. The main problem of the USSR indicated in his text is political mistakes of the authorities after J. V. Stalin. Starostin harshly criticized A. N. Kosygin and departmentalism. He analyzed personnel policy and symptoms of the crisis of the Soviet society and political system of the USSR and stated moral degeneration of the Soviet elite and ordinary citizens. In his opinion, the era of Khrushchev and Brezhnev was characterized by a growth of social deviations (deceit, corruption, falsification of figures, theft, absenteeism) and bureaucracy. Starostin insisted on the need to develop institutions of direct democracy, referendums.","PeriodicalId":41551,"journal":{"name":"Herald of an Archivist","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69381880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Scenes in the Soviet Russia. Summer of 1930”: Frank Fetter`s Film about His Soviet Trip in 1930","authors":"R. Abilova, Tatiana P. Krasheninnikova","doi":"10.28995/2073-0101-2022-4-1025-1041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2022-4-1025-1041","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents results of studying the amateur film “Scenes in the Soviet Russia. Summer of 1930” by the American economist Frank Whitson Fetter (1899–1991) filmed in the Soviet Union in the summer of 1930. Firstly, it reviews historiography of amateur cinema and notes methods used in the research on Fetter's film. The section “Context of creation” reconstructs conditions of filming the movie in the USSR and circumstances of its currency. Fetter came to the country with intention of becoming expert in Soviet economics. He came well prepared: he had a Leica camera, a 16 mm Bell & Howell movie camera, and large supply of films. Fetter spent six days in Moscow and six weeks in Kazan, voyaged on the Volga and the Caspian Sea, visited the Caucasus, and then returned to Moscow for three days and went back to the United States. During his trip, he took about 300 photographs and made a 40-minute movie. While photographs have already been introduced into scientific use, the film remains unknown to scholars and wide audience. The section “Movie content and aesthetics” considers plot and film techniques and elements. The movie consists of three parts: his stay in Moscow, his visit to the Autonomous Tatar Republic (ATSSR), cruise on the Volga and the Caspian Sea. The starting point for the analysis was Pierre Bourdieu's research on amateur photography. According to his conclusions, each group of people chooses a certain range of objects, genres, and compositions for shooting, and thus, the image is socially constructed. Fetter's cinematic area was determined by his research interests and experience. His draft notes confirm that his focus during filming was on the economic sphere. The movie aesthetics direct the viewer's eye to these plots. While observing everyday life, Fetter captured urban and rural transport infrastructure, trade relations, purchase and sale process and range of goods, queues. When visiting the countryside, Fetter observed the harvest and filmed various stages of the process. The film focuses on production and material base of individual and collective farms, organization and conditions of peasants work, residential and farm buildings, details of everyday life. The Volga-Caspian voyage permitted to capture the state of water transport, conditions of passenger and goods transportation. He devoted particular attention to filming propaganda materials. Thus, the film represents his professional interests and highlights socio-economic situation during the New Economic Policy dismantlement and transition to forced industrialization and collectivization.","PeriodicalId":41551,"journal":{"name":"Herald of an Archivist","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69383106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcripts of the Leningraders’ Narratives as a Source on the History of the Blockade: 1941–44","authors":"A. N. Chistikov","doi":"10.28995/2073-0101-2022-3-704-714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2022-3-704-714","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the history of creation and characterization of transcripts of narratives of the Leningrad citizens who lived in the besieged city during the war. The article is to determine the significance of this historical source for the study of the siege of Leningrad. The idea to collect materials on the wartime city emerged in autumn 1941 and was implemented by the staff of the Leningrad Institute for the History of the CPSU, who began to prepare chronicles of Leningrad and its region during the Great Patriotic War. A notable part of this work was stenography of stories of the soldiers and partisans who fought in the Leningrad region and of the residents of the besieged city. The work of the Leningrad historians began in spring 1942, intensified in April 1943, and was completed in early 1948. The prepared shorthand notes were preserved in series 10 of the fond R-4000 of the Central State Archive of Political and Historical Documents of St. Petersburg. Over 350 of the 650 archival documents are records of conversations with the Leningrad residents. In the 1960s, 130 items (duplicates) were transferred to the St. Petersburg Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, forming the body of fond 332 of the Scientific-Historical Archive of the St. Petersburg Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences. As a rule, the respondents were middle-ranking executives: directors and chiefs, chairmen and secretaries of district executive committees (raikoms); but there also were ordinary workers and engineers, teachers and policemen, scientists and artists. Questionnaires were prepared for representatives of some professions and positions in 1944–45, which permitted to identify common features in the life of citizens and specifics of the respondents' activities. Varied scope of the interviewees and wide range of questions were supplemented by the possibility for the narrator to use various documents in their answers. The \"freshness of memories\" and narration to a Leningrad resident, who had undergone the same ordeal, contributed to creation of voluminous and relatively objective picture of life and activities of citizens in besieged Leningrad. Nevertheless, self-censorship was apparent, and while few made direct distortions, exclusion of some “inconvenient” (in narrator’s opinion) details from the final text was quite common. The study of transcripts permits to reveal new facts about the history of wartime Leningrad, to broaden our understanding of the blockade everyday life, and to give impetus to the analysis of the era in terms of history of emotions and micro-history. Most valuable and interesting transcripts can be published in anthologies.","PeriodicalId":41551,"journal":{"name":"Herald of an Archivist","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69444952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“There Are No Obstacles to Issuing Permits to the Said Merchants…” Letters of the Military Governor of the Ural Oblast N. A. Verevkin to the Orenburg Governor General N. A. Kryzhanovskii (1872–73)","authors":"K. A. Abdrakhmanov","doi":"10.28995/2073-0101-2022-1-186-200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2022-1-186-200","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents previously unpublished correspondence between the Orenburg Governor General N. A. Kryzhanovskii and the Military Governor of the Ural Oblast N. A. Verevkin concerning alcoholic beverages distribution by individuals in the steppe fortifications. The messages are written in an official style, as befits the position of correspondents. When describing the documents, the principle of contextual-historical analysis has been applied to establish connections between historical situation and conditions of documents’ creation. The article is to make archival information available to researchers of regional history, administration in the Russian periphery in the 19th century, and pre-revolutionary entrepreneurship, as well as to anyone interested in history. The current assessment of spheres of interaction between state and private sector of economy makes the analysis of such cooperation in historical retrospect more relevant. The problem of regulating the alcohol market, quite relevant in modern Russia, was also reflected in official papers. The analytical part of the study attempts to give an impression of administrative structure of the Orenburg Governorate in the 1870s and is territorial division and raises the question of motives of commanding officers of forts and higher regional authorities in their favorable response to entrepreneurs’ petitions. Despite their relative brevity, the messages contain much information on history and regional lore. They provide names of some Orenburg merchants, outline geography of the alcohol trade outside cities of the Orenburg region, permit to assess the scale of organizational problems. The archival data shows the ambivalent position of commanders who required continuous shipments of wine, food, and basic necessities, but needed to prevent binge drinking of the personnel. The algorithm for processing documents to license sale of weak and strong alcohol inside fortress walls reflects enormousness of bureaucratic apparatus in the gubernia and nationwide. The article concludes that motives of favorable decisions of the Orenburg Governor Generalship administration on the entrepreneurs’ petitions remain unclear, and therefore, the nature of relations between merchants and regional administration in sphere of alcohol shipments to steppe fortresses requires further research.","PeriodicalId":41551,"journal":{"name":"Herald of an Archivist","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69375514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Photo Fond of the State Archive of the Sverdlovsk Region: Issues of Acquisition, Systematization, Search, and Use of Photographic Documents","authors":"Alexandra I. Dmitrieva","doi":"10.28995/2073-0101-2022-1-154-163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2022-1-154-163","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the history of creation of the photo fond in the State Archive of Sverdlovsk Region (GASO), assesses its scientific reference apparatus, and evaluates the efficiency of search for photographic documents by their subject. There is a growing interest towards local history and history of urban environment, which increases demand for photographic documents stored in the archive. However, the use of these documents is limited due to low efficiency and arduousness of search. The author suggests several ways to increase the efficiency of search using modern computer technology. To achieve this goal, the legal frameworks on photographic documents processing in state archives have been analyzed. The unique sources used in the research are detailed interviews with the GASO staff, as well as annual reports on the work of the archive during 1961–72. During this period, much effort was put to creation of the scientific reference apparatus: description, systematization, and cataloging of photographic documents were conducted. The photo fond (fond 1) counts 62265 storage items. Photographs and albums are also stored in other GASO fonds. The acquisition sources were departmental archives of institutions and organizations, the GASO itself, as well as individuals. Photo documents were widely used in the GASO’s educational and popularization work and were available on request of organizations and citizens. The documents have research potential, and yet (according to archival staff and to research) the existing information retrieval systems do not provide complete and effective search due to their limitations. Relevance and fullness ratio of the information retrieval system have been calculated for publicly available electronic inventories of photographic documents. It has been established that search efficiency of highly specialized queries has precision score of 0,003, while noise ratio is 0,997.","PeriodicalId":41551,"journal":{"name":"Herald of an Archivist","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69375917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting the Creation of Colonel D. A. Vyrubov’s Album from the Fonds of the Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (the Kunstkamera) of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Its Real Author","authors":"I. Druzhinina","doi":"10.28995/2073-0101-2022-1-36-53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2022-1-36-53","url":null,"abstract":"The article for the first time raises the question of authorship of one of the key sources on archaeology and ethnography of the peoples of the North Caucasus, first and foremost the Balkars, Kabardins, Karachais, and Abazins — an album with watercolour drawings of fortresses, churches, funerary monuments, elements of costume of mountain peoples, etc. stored in the fonds of the Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (the Kunstkamera). This source is known in historiography under the name of its first owner, D.A. Vyrubov, head of the Nalchik district of the Terek region. The article argues that the author of the album was Ivan A. Vladimirov (1869-1947), Russian and later Soviet artist, archaeologist, and military correspondent. Handwriting experts' examination of handwritten notes in the album and I.A. Vladimirov’s reports on archaeological investigations conducted in the Nalchik district confirms this; chronology and geography of the album coincides with I.A. Vladimirov's travels to the Caucasus. There is interconnected and complementary information on a number of archaeological and ancient architectural monuments, as well as on people who supported Vladimirov in his field research — Dimitri Alekseyevich Vyrubov, the chief of the Nalchik district, and Dadashe Dohshukovich Balkarokov, a Chegem taubian. It is shown that the period from 1892 to 1898, that is, from I.A. Vladimirov’s first appearance in the Nalchik district to Colonel D.A. Vyrubov’s transfer to Vladikavkaz, is the most probable time of the album’s creation. Establishing the identity of the artist who created the album has significantly broadened the information capacity of the source itself, as it now can be considered in conjunction with I. A. Vladimirov's scientific accounts of his archaeological work. This, in turn, facilitates identification of a number of objects, including ancient half-destroyed Christian church near Bylym village. In addition, comparative study of the sources has yielded new information on the monuments. Thus, the album contains drawings and measurements of mausoleums and crypts near the village of Gundelen, church on the Kisanty river, mausoleums and tombs in the same area, while I.A. Vladimirov’s report contains photos of these objects, their site layout plan and drawings. Some previously unknown facts from the history of the first archaeological expedition conducted by I.A. Vladimirov in 1896 have also been revealed.","PeriodicalId":41551,"journal":{"name":"Herald of an Archivist","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69376000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"N. V. Tchaikovsky and A. I. Denikin: Dialogue, Collaboration, and Controversy of the Anti-Bolshevik Movement Leaders in the Days of the Civil War in Russia: Documents from Russian and Foreign Archives","authors":"V. Goldin","doi":"10.28995/2073-0101-2022-1-81-97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2022-1-81-97","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the activities of the anti-Bolshevik movement leaders, N.V. Tchaikovsky in the North and General A.I. Denikin in the South of Russia in the days of the Civil War. The object and aim of the research is to analyze their relations, dialogue, collaboration, and contradicting views on state building, interrelations of civil and military powers, relations with the foreign allies by studying archival documents. Most of the studied documents are from documentary collections of the former Russian Historical Archive Abroad in Prague transferred in 1946 to Moscow and now mostly stored in the State Archive of the Russian Federation: personal provenance fonds of N. V. Tchaikovsky and A. I. Denikin, documentary collection of the “Society of Northerners.” The article analyzes a long letter written by Tchaikovsky and addressed to Denikin (April 1919), where he assesses organization of power in the Northern Region, relations of the military, including foreign allies and Commander-in-Chief of the Entente forces, with the government of the Northern Region. It presents documents on Tchaikovsky’s views on the political process in South Russia at the time when he was a member of the Russian Political Delegation of the Russian Political Conference in Paris; on relations of the White movement with nationalities. The article highlights Tchaikovsky’s meeting with the Polish leader Josef Pilsudski in an attempt to organize a military alliance of Denikin’s forces with Poland. It assesses Tchaikovsky’s participation in the South Russian Government in 1920 and his relations with General Denikin at the same period. Tchaikovsky sought to implement a “middle” course, balancing the “left” and the “right” fractions, civil and military powers; to demonstrate democratic nature of the Government; and to gain support of a considerable part of the population, while General Denikin was in favor of military dictatorship. Neither approach brought success to the anti-Bolshevik movement in the Civil War. However, identifying and introducing into scientific use documents of these two leaders of the anti-Bolshevik movement is important for proper understanding of its history.","PeriodicalId":41551,"journal":{"name":"Herald of an Archivist","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69376636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}