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Paradoxes of Experience: Questioning the Limits of Phenomenality in E. Levinas and J.-L. Marion 经验的悖论:对列维纳斯和J.-L.现象性极限的质疑。马里恩
IF 0.1 4区 哲学
Problemos Pub Date : 2022-12-27 DOI: 10.15388/problemos.priedas.22.9
Laurynas Norus
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引用次数: 0
What is Politics? 什么是政治？
IF 0.1 4区 哲学
Problemos Pub Date : 2022-12-27 DOI: 10.15388/problemos.priedas.22.2
A. Jokūbaitis
{"title":"What is Politics?","authors":"A. Jokūbaitis","doi":"10.15388/problemos.priedas.22.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/problemos.priedas.22.2","url":null,"abstract":"The division of political scientists into philosophers and sociologists is an important factor behind their inability to understand politics. Sociologists are incapable of grasping the whole, philosophers are bad at understanding particularities. The aim of the paper is to show the inadequacy of both of these forms of knowledge. Immanuel Kant’s conception of aesthetic judgement allows us to gain a better understanding of politics. Hannah Arendt attempted to explain Kant’s Critique of Judgment as an important treatise for political philosophy. The power of judgement opens up a broad horizon for our imagination. Ideas can be associated with various different appearances and this is why reliable theoretical definition of politics is impossible. It is impossible to ascribe an adequate object of experience to the idea of politics and for this very reason various substitutes are used. The formation of these substitutes corresponds to the requirements of the power of judgement that connects universality to particularity. The analysis of the aesthetic judgement reveals why attempts to define politics face unsolvable difficulties. Philosophers and sociologists attempt to gain a theoretical understanding of an object which belongs to the realm of aesthetic judgement. The article does not provide an answer to the problem of definition of politics, it shows why such a definition is impossible.","PeriodicalId":41448,"journal":{"name":"Problemos","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49600636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Violence of Being. The Holocaust in the Philosophy of Emmanuel Levinas 存在的暴力。列维纳斯哲学中的大屠杀
IF 0.1 4区 哲学
Problemos Pub Date : 2022-12-27 DOI: 10.15388/problemos.priedas.22.7
D. Pollefeyt
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引用次数: 0
On Reality and Law, or What was Plato Doing in Syracuse? 论现实与法律，还是柏拉图在锡拉丘兹做什么?
IF 0.1 4区 哲学
Problemos Pub Date : 2022-12-27 DOI: 10.15388/problemos.priedas.22.4
Rita Šerpytytė
{"title":"On Reality and Law, or What was Plato Doing in Syracuse?","authors":"Rita Šerpytytė","doi":"10.15388/problemos.priedas.22.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/problemos.priedas.22.4","url":null,"abstract":"The article critically reconsiders the attitude of Giorgio Agamben, which indicate the “unreality” of the action denoted by the term “realization” as opposite to reality. This question is primarily projected into Hegel’s philosophy, in which reality is not equated with actuality (Wirklichkeit) and realization with actualization. It is considered what could be the basis of such Agamben’s approach, which does not see the need to distinguish between reality (Realität) and actuality (Wirklichkeit). The reliance on Aristotle’s metaphysics, the division of dynamis and energeia is of crucial importance in Agamben’s philosophy. It is this point that allows Agamben to apply the term “reality” to only ontologically treated realtà and at the same time contrast it with the movement of an ontic nature – realization. When raising the question – what does it mean to realize laws? – the controversial relationship between the law and reality is considered.","PeriodicalId":41448,"journal":{"name":"Problemos","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45292153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Jūratė Baranova and the Way of Philosophy to the Lithuanian School Jūratė巴拉诺瓦和立陶宛学派的哲学之路
IF 0.1 4区 哲学
Problemos Pub Date : 2022-12-27 DOI: 10.15388/problemos.priedas.22.1
L. Duoblienė
{"title":"Jūratė Baranova and the Way of Philosophy to the Lithuanian School","authors":"L. Duoblienė","doi":"10.15388/problemos.priedas.22.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/problemos.priedas.22.1","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyses the contribution of Professor Jūratė Baranova to the introduction of philosophy teaching into the Lithuanian general school. There is a discussion about the need of philosophy teaching, the initiatives of Baranova and her colleagues’ mutual activities preparing textbooks and other teaching tools. The courses initiated, the philosophy education programmes for teachers and teacher re-skilling programmes, as well as students’ Philosophy Olympiads are presented.  The educational projects of Baranova and her co-authors are reviewed, focusing on teaching cultural literacy at school whilst using dialogue, argumentation and multimodality. The author concludes that Baranova was one of the key contributors amongst Lithuanian professors and teachers, who made an input to the introduction and development of philosophy education at schools.","PeriodicalId":41448,"journal":{"name":"Problemos","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41923244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
G. Agamben and the Biopolitical Understanding of the Shoah G.阿甘本与Shoah的生物政治理解
IF 0.1 4区 哲学
Problemos Pub Date : 2022-12-27 DOI: 10.15388/problemos.priedas.22.5
Luc Anckaert
{"title":"G. Agamben and the Biopolitical Understanding of the Shoah","authors":"Luc Anckaert","doi":"10.15388/problemos.priedas.22.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/problemos.priedas.22.5","url":null,"abstract":"The Italian philosopher Giorgio Agamben, in his Homo Sacer-cycle, has developed a new paradigm for thinking the Shoah. Departing from Michel Foucault’s biopolitical thought, he argues that modern political power is made possible by the helix-structure of sovereign power and homo sacer. Sovereign power is situated at the threshold of the prevailing juridico-political order and can, in a state of exception, violently suspend or establish the law. In this decision, homo sacer is legally excluded from the law. When the state of exception is made general, the law of sovereignty governs all life and everyone becomes homo sacer. This happened concretely in the Shoah. In the concentration camps, the Muselmann is produced. During the Shoah by Bullet, as happened in Lithuania, the generalised sovereign biopolitics turns into radical thanatopolitics.","PeriodicalId":41448,"journal":{"name":"Problemos","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49592019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Roads of the Others: E. Levinas and T. Adorno 他者之路:列维纳斯和阿多诺
IF 0.1 4区 哲学
Problemos Pub Date : 2022-12-27 DOI: 10.15388/problemos.priedas.22.6
Gintautas Mažeikis
{"title":"The Roads of the Others: E. Levinas and T. Adorno","authors":"Gintautas Mažeikis","doi":"10.15388/problemos.priedas.22.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/problemos.priedas.22.6","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, Levinas’ philosophy is interpreted as an ethical and Talmudic consideration of existential paths. After Auschwitz, the concept of otherness and the diversity of other faces presupposes a free and diverse “being on the road,” an ethics of journey, and denies theodicy and an essentialist interpretation of being. The thesis is proven by comparing Levinas’, Baranova’s and Adorno’s approaches to ethics and Exegesis. Levinas’ philosophy is elaborated by referring to the exegetics of the Exodus and the concept of an incomprehensibility of Auschwitz. The author discusses the philosophies of Levinas and Adorno who both consider the Holocaust as an occurrence not open to interpretation. Levinas advocates the end of theodicy as a justification for divine history and argues the primacy of ethics, while Adorno develops anti-theodicy and presents the relevance of critique of instrumental reason.","PeriodicalId":41448,"journal":{"name":"Problemos","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47028411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Meno: Virtue as οὐσία and εἶδος 美诺：美德是本质和美德
IF 0.1 4区 哲学
Problemos Pub Date : 2022-10-19 DOI: 10.15388/problemos.2022.102.1
Skirmantas Jankauskas
{"title":"Meno: Virtue as οὐσία and εἶδος","authors":"Skirmantas Jankauskas","doi":"10.15388/problemos.2022.102.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/problemos.2022.102.1","url":null,"abstract":"The article is an interpretation of the first part of the Meno (70a-79e), in which Plato deals with the problem of knowledge of virtue. Parmenides’ being, constituted by Justice, becomes a reference point for reflecting on the ontological and cognitive profile of virtue. The polemic with the sophists forces Plato to reflect on the subject of philosophizing and to realize that it is existentially rooted in the ontologised language. Here Plato finds the concept of οὐσία, which becomes for him the cognitive prototype of virtue. For οὐσία as a possession presupposes the property of a thing whose meaning is determined not by the sensually ascertainable properties of a thing, but by its social significance, which is relatively constant and correlated with justice. The distinction between the meanings of a thing and of its possession in the same object conveys the idea that virtue as a human possession, i.e., οὐσία, cannot be known in everyday thinking that hypertrophies the senses, but should be present in an alternative layer of thinking, and thus imply an alternative mode of knowledge. It can therefore be surmised that Plato’s discovery of the duality of the concept of οὐσία inspired in him both the idea of an autonomous world of ideas and the idea of a specific way of accessing it, i.e. the theory of anamnesis.","PeriodicalId":41448,"journal":{"name":"Problemos","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42116947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tractatus de consequentiis (excerpt) 结果痕迹（摘录）
IF 0.1 4区 哲学
Problemos Pub Date : 2022-10-19 DOI: 10.15388/problemos.2022.102.14
Jonas Buridanas
{"title":"Tractatus de consequentiis (excerpt)","authors":"Jonas Buridanas","doi":"10.15388/problemos.2022.102.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/problemos.2022.102.14","url":null,"abstract":"Iš lotynų kalbos vertė, pratarmę ir paaiškinimus parašė Živilė Pabijutaitė","PeriodicalId":41448,"journal":{"name":"Problemos","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43327998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Problem of Interpreting Cluster B Personality Disorders: at the Intersection of Psychiatry and Morality 解读B类人格障碍的问题：在精神病学和道德的交叉点上
IF 0.1 4区 哲学
Problemos Pub Date : 2022-10-19 DOI: 10.15388/problemos.2022.102.9
Daniel Rogoża-Žuklys, Aistė Bartkienė
{"title":"The Problem of Interpreting Cluster B Personality Disorders: at the Intersection of Psychiatry and Morality","authors":"Daniel Rogoża-Žuklys, Aistė Bartkienė","doi":"10.15388/problemos.2022.102.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/problemos.2022.102.9","url":null,"abstract":"In medicine, some personality traits, involving specific patterns of thought, feeling, and behavior, are considered to be pathological. Personality types, characteristic of such pervasive and maladaptive traits, are known under the term “personality disorders.” However, some of these pathological traits, diagnostic of so-called Cluster B personality disorders, largely describe immoral behavior. Hence, the question arises as to how such immoral behavior could be framed also as a medical problem. Moreover, it is not immediately clear whether persons with these disorders could be held responsible for their immoral actions. By drawing on virtue ethics and the concept of responsibility without blame, the article demonstrates how the problem of compatibility between medicalization, cultivation of moral character, and responsibility could be resolved. Thereby, it is suggested that Cluster B personality disorders are best understood as both a moral and medical problem.","PeriodicalId":41448,"journal":{"name":"Problemos","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43975737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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