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M. Bakhtin’s Chronotope: between Epistemology and Socio-Constructivism 巴赫金的时空:在认识论与社会建构主义之间
IF 0.1 4区 哲学
Problemos Pub Date : 2022-10-19 DOI: 10.15388/problemos.2022.102.11
Dominykas Barusevičius
{"title":"M. Bakhtin’s Chronotope: between Epistemology and Socio-Constructivism","authors":"Dominykas Barusevičius","doi":"10.15388/problemos.2022.102.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/problemos.2022.102.11","url":null,"abstract":"This paper raises the hypothesis that M. Bakhtin’s creative category of chronotope is within the dynamic of epistemology and socio-constructivism. To this end, two philosophical conceptions are analyzed: Bakhtin’s theory of chronotope as a formally constitutive category of literature and Kant’s transcendental aesthetics and transcendental schematism. This comparative analysis shows that chronotope surpasses its primary field of literary analysis and is interpretable not only as an epistemological category which determines the sense experience of the observer, but also as socio-constructivist category which provides reality with an image of a totality of symbolic social institutes. In this way, it is proposed to understand the concept of reality as the multidimensional image.","PeriodicalId":41448,"journal":{"name":"Problemos","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48322795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Capabilities Approach as a Metapolitical Category: Analysis of M. Nussbaum’s Conception of Justice 作为元政治范畴的能力方法——对努斯鲍姆正义观的分析
IF 0.1 4区 哲学
Problemos Pub Date : 2022-10-19 DOI: 10.15388/problemos.2022.102.7
Laisvūnas Čekavičius
{"title":"Capabilities Approach as a Metapolitical Category: Analysis of M. Nussbaum’s Conception of Justice","authors":"Laisvūnas Čekavičius","doi":"10.15388/problemos.2022.102.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/problemos.2022.102.7","url":null,"abstract":"Many critics of Martha Nussbaum claim that her account of the capabilities approach is a perfectionist theory that does not provide a unique standpoint to political justice and only complements Rawls’ conception of primary goods. The purpose of this article is to show that the capabilities approach differs from primary goods in a sense that the former is orientated towards the ends of a good life, while the latter towards the means. The author argues that the capabilities approach takes an intermediate position between neutrality and perfectionism, maintains a position of relative autonomy, and in turn it can be viewed as a unique metapolitical category, that is to say, a principle of politics capable of accommodating different political views.","PeriodicalId":41448,"journal":{"name":"Problemos","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42977972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Moral Self-Realization in Kant and Spinoza 康德与斯宾诺莎的道德自我实现
IF 0.1 4区 哲学
Problemos Pub Date : 2022-10-19 DOI: 10.15388/problemos.2022.102.2
Wojciech Kozyra
{"title":"Moral Self-Realization in Kant and Spinoza","authors":"Wojciech Kozyra","doi":"10.15388/problemos.2022.102.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/problemos.2022.102.2","url":null,"abstract":"Spinoza and Kant are considered to be polar opposites with respect to ethics. The radical difference between them is supposed to consist in Spinoza’s ethical egoism, or interest-based Strebensethik, and Kant’s duty-cantered, deontological Sollensethik. I challenge this opposition and argue that both in Kant and Spinoza we deal with a notion of the self’s realization that is “interest”-based and therefore does not involve self-sacrifice. I show, on the one hand, that the streben in Spinoza’s Strebensethik consists in realising one’s essentially human interest, which resides in ethical-rational action, and, on the other hand, that sollen in Kant’s Sollensethik is in fact a streben of the Kantian “proper self” (eigentliches Selbst) after the realization of its ethical-rational interest.","PeriodicalId":41448,"journal":{"name":"Problemos","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46747854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Witnessing Arvydas Šliogeris Life and Work – a Philotopical Glance 目睹阿维达斯Šliogeris生活与工作——哲学的一瞥
IF 0.1 4区 哲学
Problemos Pub Date : 2022-10-19 DOI: 10.15388/problemos.2022.101.13
Justas Kučinskas
{"title":"Witnessing Arvydas Šliogeris Life and Work – a Philotopical Glance","authors":"Justas Kučinskas","doi":"10.15388/problemos.2022.101.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/problemos.2022.101.13","url":null,"abstract":"Daujotytė, V., 2021. Arvydas Šliogeris: „Mano elementorius buvo Homeras“. Vilnius: Odilė, 320 p. ISBN 9786098222432","PeriodicalId":41448,"journal":{"name":"Problemos","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47198030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Tension between the Problem of Unconceived Alternatives and Epistemic Instrumentalism 非设想选择问题与认知工具主义之间的张力
IF 0.1 4区 哲学
Problemos Pub Date : 2022-10-19 DOI: 10.15388/problemos.2022.102.4
Lisa Zorzato
{"title":"The Tension between the Problem of Unconceived Alternatives and Epistemic Instrumentalism","authors":"Lisa Zorzato","doi":"10.15388/problemos.2022.102.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/problemos.2022.102.4","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, I develop a critical assessment of epistemic instrumentalism as advocated by Kyle Stanford (2006). Epistemic instrumentalism is based on the claim that the criterion for the reliability of any theory is the absence of what Stanford calls ‘unconceived alternatives’. This means that the theory is reliable if and only if it does not admit of alternatives. Since most scientific theories do admit of unconceived alternatives, Stanford claims, they cannot be reliable. In contrast, ‘common sense’ claims are not exposed to unconceived alternatives, therefore they are reliable. Here, I analyse the definition of ‘common sense’ and argue that it is equally vulnerable to the ‘problem of unconceived alternatives’, pushing epistemic instrumentalism position to scepticism. The consequence is that the position of epistemic instrumentalist has nothing to stand on.","PeriodicalId":41448,"journal":{"name":"Problemos","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48188890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Amerindian Perspectivism and the Overcoming of the First-Person Perspective 美洲印第安人视角主义与第一人称视角的克服
IF 0.1 4区 哲学
Problemos Pub Date : 2022-10-19 DOI: 10.15388/problemos.2022.102.12
Ignas Šatkauskas
{"title":"Amerindian Perspectivism and the Overcoming of the First-Person Perspective","authors":"Ignas Šatkauskas","doi":"10.15388/problemos.2022.102.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/problemos.2022.102.12","url":null,"abstract":"The paper considers a polemic thesis that Viveiros de Castro’s Amerindian perspectivism is characterized by the overcoming of the first-person perspective. Multi-natural cosmological deictic figures instead of the first-person perspective. This opposes the latter to the perspective of transcendental philosophy. The thesis of multiple worlds is an interpretation of the indigenous perspective which is determined, among other themes, by its point of view toward the West. It implies that Amerindian perspectivism should be understood as resistance to naturalism, akin to phenomenology’s origin as it is conceived in eco-phenomenology. The ontological turn of anthropology is the most concerted attempt to formulate an anthropological version of Husserl’s reduction that reduces the division of first and third-person perspectives to reveal the indigenous cosmological deictics. The opponents of the ontological turn oppose it to phenomenology.","PeriodicalId":41448,"journal":{"name":"Problemos","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46590879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reconsidering the Political: A Realization of a Person or a Way to Depersonalization? 政治反思:人的实现还是去人格化的途径?
IF 0.1 4区 哲学
Problemos Pub Date : 2022-10-19 DOI: 10.15388/problemos.2022.102.6
Aistė Noreikaitė
{"title":"Reconsidering the Political: A Realization of a Person or a Way to Depersonalization?","authors":"Aistė Noreikaitė","doi":"10.15388/problemos.2022.102.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/problemos.2022.102.6","url":null,"abstract":"This paper takes on the highly problematic question whether the political is reconcilable with the conception of a person within Robert Spaemann’s philosophy. Spaemann devotes himself to detailed explication of the moral ontology of the person, however, the political ontology in his thought is only assumed but not developed and it seems to stand in deep conflict with the developed elements of person’s ontology. The aim of the paper is to investigate whether Spaemann’s notion of the political can be reconciled with the rest of the person’s ontology and if this turn to the political rather leads to depersonalization. It is argued that it is possible to develop Spaemann’s personal ontology while integrating the concept of the political within the conception of a person.","PeriodicalId":41448,"journal":{"name":"Problemos","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42510561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Online Hating as Modern Manifestation of Nietzschean Ressentiment 网络仇恨是尼采式怨恨的现代表现
IF 0.1 4区 哲学
Problemos Pub Date : 2022-10-19 DOI: 10.15388/problemos.2022.102.8
M. Sinelnikova
{"title":"Online Hating as Modern Manifestation of Nietzschean Ressentiment","authors":"M. Sinelnikova","doi":"10.15388/problemos.2022.102.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/problemos.2022.102.8","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyses the modern phenomenon of hating in the light of the Nietzschean concept “ressentiment”. It is concluded, that hating can be considered as a kind of the ressentiment experience. This confirms the legitimacy of the “hating ressentiment” concept introduction, which identifies a hater as a person of ressentiment. Hater uses his destructive potential to harass online and persecute everyone whose position or opinion he/she does not share. When all the resources of unfounded criticism of the hater are exhausted, he/she resorts to ressentiment, online. Due to this, ressentiment acquires a new form of expression, namely, hating ressentiment, which is defined as a radical and acute form of ressentiment, corresponding to the form of hatred with which a hater treats everyone in whose place he/she would like to be.","PeriodicalId":41448,"journal":{"name":"Problemos","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45838195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Crossing of Borders 跨越国界
IF 0.1 4区 哲学
Problemos Pub Date : 2022-10-19 DOI: 10.15388/problemos.2022.102.5
Algis Mickūnas
{"title":"The Crossing of Borders","authors":"Algis Mickūnas","doi":"10.15388/problemos.2022.102.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/problemos.2022.102.5","url":null,"abstract":"There are various accounts for the war in Ukraine; this essay is not contesting such accounts but, taking the classical understanding of the war between Sparta and Athens, elucidated by Thucydides, there seems to be a “hidden reason”. The latter is the declining political significance of Sparta and the expanding importance of Athens. The brief analysis of the war by Thucydides is used to establish a framework for clear understanding of behavior of nations and their leaders when, despite an absense of military threat, they opt for war. Given this context, the question arises why Russia, not being threatened militarily, opts for war against its harmless neighbor. The Soviet Union was a global power equivalent to NATO alliance, and this power was inherited by Russia. The latter could not be afraid of military invasion by the West and yet it opted for war aiming to demonstrate that it is as significant as the West. The difference between Traditional Russian autocracy and modern Western democracy is such that the latter “crosses borders” by attraction and not by military power.","PeriodicalId":41448,"journal":{"name":"Problemos","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44642158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Toward a New Theory of Moderate Contingentism: Individuals just are Realized Essences 论适度偶然主义的新理论:个体只是实现的本质
IF 0.1 4区 哲学
Problemos Pub Date : 2022-10-19 DOI: 10.15388/problemos.2022.102.3
Pranciškus Gricius
{"title":"Toward a New Theory of Moderate Contingentism: Individuals just are Realized Essences","authors":"Pranciškus Gricius","doi":"10.15388/problemos.2022.102.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/problemos.2022.102.3","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a new actualist and contingentist modal metaphysics – fundamental essentialism – according to which individuals just are realized essences. Orthodox possible worlds semantics is incompatible with actualism and contingentism since Kripke models in which paradigmatic contingentists propositions are true require possible worlds whose domain contain merely possible individuals. In light of this problem, Plantinga has developed modal metaphysics based on essences, but it has been claimed by Fine, Williamson, and others, that it cannot be upheld because of the problem of unexemplified essences. We answer the latter problem by claiming that individuals just are realized essences. Then, justifying our theory further we refute Williamson’s deductive argument for necessitism. Afterward, we show in what sense fundamental essentialism is contingentist metaphysics.","PeriodicalId":41448,"journal":{"name":"Problemos","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49083420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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