{"title":"Du nouveau sur la géographie de l’Éthiopie. Poggio Bracciolini, Biondo Flavio et le témoignage de l’ambassade éthiopienne au concile de Ferrare-Florence","authors":"Nathalie Bouloux","doi":"10.4000/afriques.2008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/afriques.2008","url":null,"abstract":"En aout 1441, une ambassade composee de huit moines (quatre issus de la communaute copte du Caire et quatre moines ethiopiens de Jerusalem) arrive au concile de Florence. Deux humanistes, Poggio Bracciolini et Biondo Flavio, sont temoins de l’evenement qu’ils rapportent dans leurs ecrits. Dans le livre IV du De varietate fortunae, Poggio dresse le portrait d’une Ethiopie prospere et exotique, tandis que Biondo, en transcrivant dans son Historiarum ab inclinatione Romanorum imperii decades l’interrogatoire des moines mene par une commission de cardinaux, montre les tensions entre les diverses representations des realites ethiopiennes et leurs implications. Ces textes attestent la fascination de certains humanistes italiens pour les pays lointains et les diverses modalites d’insertion de l’Ethiopie dans l’imago mundi.","PeriodicalId":41436,"journal":{"name":"Afriques-Debats Methodes et Terrains d Histoire","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2017-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45375183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A historical overview of the Wärğəḥ Muslim community in the Christian highland of Šäwa","authors":"Deresse Ayenachew","doi":"10.4000/afriques.1944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/afriques.1944","url":null,"abstract":"The Wargəh Muslim community constitutes more than 22,000 people in Ethiopia. They live in diverse parts of the country, but the largest number of Wargəh are found in north Sawa and near Dəre Dawa. In north Sawa, the community of Wargəh has established scattered pockets of villages between Dabra Berhan and Sabata towns. Linguistically, they speak Oromo and also Amharic. Fragmentary medieval Ethiopian historical sources describe the Wargəh as inhabitants of the lowlands of south-east Sawa. They were herdsmen, particularly camel keepers. Post-16th century sources record that the Wargəh transformed their way of life to become traders following the great medieval caravan trade routes. Due to their resistance against expansions, they were described as warriors and a ferocious people. For the purpose of this paper, we have gathered oral accounts from 13 local villages of north Sawa to identify how these people reconstruct their history and to understand how all these villages networked with each other to endure the waves of dynamic religious and population movements of these periods. Funerary stelae were also surveyed to determine whether their styles could be related to the megalithic cultures of south-west Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":41436,"journal":{"name":"Afriques-Debats Methodes et Terrains d Histoire","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70419469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ewosṭateans at the Council of Florence (1441): Diplomatic Implications between Ethiopia, Europe, Jerusalem and Cairo","authors":"S. Kelly","doi":"10.4000/afriques.1858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/afriques.1858","url":null,"abstract":"This article argues that at the Council of Florence, arguably the most important instance of European–Ethiopian diplomacy before the 16th century, the delegates representing the Ethiopian Orthodox Church were Ewosṭatean monks—schismatics, whose positions were not yet accepted by Ethiopian religious authorities nor permitted to other Ethiopian Christians. It further proposes that the monks’ participation in the Council of Florence was part of the Ewosṭateans’ larger strategy of pressuring Ethiopian authorities to adopt their own religious positions, at a time when the king’s sympathy for their views was not yet clear; that the Council of Florence highlighted Ethiopian tensions with the Coptic patriarch in a way that furthered the Ewosṭateans’ goals; and that subsequent events suggest that their participation in the Council did indeed contribute to their full incorporation in the Ethiopian Church, and possibly to King Zara Ya‘ǝqob’s interest in continued European diplomacy.","PeriodicalId":41436,"journal":{"name":"Afriques-Debats Methodes et Terrains d Histoire","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70419392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"À propos d'un projet en cours d'édition de manuscrits arabes de Tombouctou et d'ailleurs","authors":"B. Salvaing","doi":"10.4000/afriques.1804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/afriques.1804","url":null,"abstract":"Apres un rapide historique des etudes menees en rapport avec les manuscrits arabes ouest-africains, l’auteur constate que cet enorme gisement documentaire est encore a peine effleure, en particulier en ce qui concerne l’edition scientifique de ceux-ci.On a explique ce retard par les strategies coloniales face a l’islam noir. Il faut egalement souligner les prejuges des chercheurs – hormis quelques pionniers, la plupart anglophones – face a des documents qui les deroutent et dont l’exploitation exige une connaissance approfondie de la langue arabe, qui est peu encouragee chez les africanistes par les institutions scientifiques francaises, tandis que les arabisants negligent l’islam peripherique.Cependant, depuis 2009, une equipe d’arabisants et d’africanistes, dirigee par Georges Bohas, a edite pres de vingt textes et traduit certains d’entre eux. L’auteur fait un rapide inventaire de ces documents et de leur contenu, en soulignant les avancees de la connaissance qu’ils promettent.","PeriodicalId":41436,"journal":{"name":"Afriques-Debats Methodes et Terrains d Histoire","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2015-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70419837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"En Afrique, pourquoi meurt-on ? Essai sur l’histoire d’un mythe africain","authors":"J. L. Quellec","doi":"10.4000/afriques.1717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/afriques.1717","url":null,"abstract":"Parmi les mythes d’origine de la mort, celui du message perverti presente en Afrique une repartition tres particuliere. Son areologie et l’etude de ses mythemes a l’aide d’outils phylogenetiques montrent que sa variante la plus archaique, a un seul messager, est enracinee dans l’aire khoisane. Selon ce recit, Lune mandate Lievre pour porter a l’humanite un message de vie. Lievre modifie le message, ce qui introduit la mort chez les hommes, qui depuis lors le haissent ; en punition, Lievre est frappe et en garde la levre fendue. Ce type primitif fut ulterieurement modifie par l’introduction d’un second messager animal rivalisant avec le premier. Selon ce nouveau type, largement diffuse par des peuples parlant des langues non khoisanes, le Createur mandate un messager pour porter aux humains un message de vie ; ce messager marche lentement ; pendant qu’il musarde, un second coursier part de son propre chef, et c’est lui qui arrive le premier, mais il modifie le message, ce qui introduit la mort chez les hommes. La repartition des versions du type archaique conforte l’hypothese d’une ancienne aire linguistique initialement etendue de l’est a l’extreme sud de l’Afrique, qui aurait ete scindee en deux par l’expansion bantoue et dont l’aire khoisane serait un reste meridional.","PeriodicalId":41436,"journal":{"name":"Afriques-Debats Methodes et Terrains d Histoire","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2015-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70419809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transmettre l’histoire de l’Afrique","authors":"B. Hirsch","doi":"10.4000/afriques.1698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/afriques.1698","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41436,"journal":{"name":"Afriques-Debats Methodes et Terrains d Histoire","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2015-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70419754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Penser et écrire l’histoire d’un Moyen Âge en Afrique","authors":"Claire Bosc-Tiessé","doi":"10.4000/afriques.1702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/afriques.1702","url":null,"abstract":"Cette note de lecture montre comment Francois-Xavier Fauvelle-Aymar, dans son livre Le rhinoceros d’or. Histoires du Moyen Âge africain, entend tout a la fois renouveler le regard que l’on porte sur les documents et la maniere decrire l’histoire de l’Afrique medievale. Surtout, elle met en exergue le propos sous-jacent du livre, definir un Moyen Âge africain en fonction de l’histoire globale, ici en rapport aux evolutions du monde musulman, et comment l’auteur procede pour construire sa proposition.","PeriodicalId":41436,"journal":{"name":"Afriques-Debats Methodes et Terrains d Histoire","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2015-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70419778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bourdonnements des insectes et musique de David : image sonore de l’Éthiopie chez le père franciscain Remedius Prutký (1752)","authors":"Anne Damon-Guillot","doi":"10.4000/afriques.1521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/afriques.1521","url":null,"abstract":"L’article analyse l'image sonore que le franciscain Remedius Prutky donne de l'Ethiopie dans son Itinerarium redige au milieu du xviiie siecle, et qui a fait l’objet d’editions et de traductions recentes. La prise en compte de l’oreille missionnaire permet une lecture sensible du recit et donne acces a des modes de representation de l’autre encore peu explores. D’une part, dans une rhetorique maitrisee, les sons entendus sont investis par l’auteur d’un sens symbolique souvent biblique, rendant audible l’heresie de l’Ethiopie chretienne. D’autre part, la description de pratiques musicales ethiopiennes, particulierement en contexte religieux, offre un interet pour la musicologie historique et revele aussi des choix dans le rapport missionnaire qui visent a diffuser une certaine connaissance de la musique liturgique ethiopienne en Occident.","PeriodicalId":41436,"journal":{"name":"Afriques-Debats Methodes et Terrains d Histoire","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70419604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vie et miracles de Daniel de Qorqor. Édition du texte guèze","authors":"G. Colin","doi":"10.4000/afriques.1489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/afriques.1489","url":null,"abstract":"Cette edition et traduction de la Vie et des miracles de Daniel est basee sur un manuscrit toujours conserve dans l’eglise de Qorqor Māryām. Relie avec des ais de bois, il mesure 34,5 x 30 x 9 cm et comprend 115 folios de parchemin. Il a ete acheve en l’an 1968 de l’ere ethiopienne (= 1975-76 ap. J.-C.).","PeriodicalId":41436,"journal":{"name":"Afriques-Debats Methodes et Terrains d Histoire","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2014-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70419508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vie et miracles de Daniel de Qorqor. Traduction française","authors":"G. Colin","doi":"10.4000/afriques.1495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/afriques.1495","url":null,"abstract":"Cette edition et traduction de la Vie et des miracles de Daniel est basee sur un manuscrit toujours conserve dans l’eglise de Qorqor Māryām. Relie avec des ais de bois, il mesure 34,5 x 30 x 9 cm et comprend 115 folios de parchemin. Il a ete acheve en l’an 1968 de l’ere ethiopienne (= 1975-76 ap. J.-C.).","PeriodicalId":41436,"journal":{"name":"Afriques-Debats Methodes et Terrains d Histoire","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2014-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70419581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}