{"title":"Exploring the feasibility of prestressed anchor cables as an alternative to temporary support in the excavation of super-large-span tunnel","authors":"Shunhua Zhou, Yuyin Jin, Zhiyao Tian, Chunhua Zou, Heming Zhao, Zengrun Miao","doi":"10.1007/s40534-024-00340-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40534-024-00340-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Excavating super-large-span tunnels in soft rock masses presents significant challenges. To ensure safety, the sequential excavation method is commonly adopted. It utilizes internal temporary supports to spatially partition the tunnel face and divide the excavation into multiple stages. However, these internal supports generally impose spatial constraints, limiting the use of large-scale excavation equipment and reducing construction efficiency. To address this constraint, this study adopts the “Shed-frame” principle to explore the feasibility of an innovative support system, which aims to replace internal supports with prestressed anchor cables and thus provide a more spacious working space with fewer internal obstructions. To evaluate its effectiveness, a field case involving the excavation of a 24-m span tunnel in soft rock is presented, and an analysis of extensive field data is conducted to study the deformation characteristics of the surrounding rock and the mechanical behavior of the support system. The results revealed that prestressed anchor cables integrated the initial support with the shed, creating an effective “shed-frame” system, which successively maintained tunnel deformation and frame stress levels within safe regulatory bounds. Moreover, the prestressed anchor cables bolstered the surrounding rock effectively and reduced the excavation-induced disturbance zone significantly. In summary, the proposed support system balances construction efficiency and safety. These field experiences may offer valuable insights into the popularization and further development of prestressed anchor cable support systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":41270,"journal":{"name":"Railway Engineering Science","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141259581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qiliang Li, Yuqing Sun, Menghan Ouyang, Zhigang Yang
{"title":"Flow and sound fields of scaled high-speed trains with different coach numbers running in long tunnel","authors":"Qiliang Li, Yuqing Sun, Menghan Ouyang, Zhigang Yang","doi":"10.1007/s40534-024-00330-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40534-024-00330-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Segregated incompressible large eddy simulation and acoustic perturbation equations were used to obtain the flow field and sound field of 1:25 scale trains with three, six and eight coaches in a long tunnel, and the aerodynamic results were verified by wind tunnel test with the same scale two-coach train model. Time-averaged drag coefficients of the head coach of three trains are similar, but at the tail coach of the multi-group trains it is much larger than that of the three-coach train. The eight-coach train presents the largest increment from the head coach to the tail coach in the standard deviation (STD) of aerodynamic force coefficients: 0.0110 for drag coefficient (<i>C</i><sub>d</sub>), 0.0198 for lift coefficient (<i>C</i><sub>l</sub>) and 0.0371 for side coefficient (<i>C</i><sub>s</sub>). Total sound pressure level at the bottom of multi-group trains presents a significant streamwise increase, which is different from the three-coach train. Tunnel walls affect the acoustic distribution at the bottom, only after the coach number reaches a certain value, and the streamwise increase in the sound pressure fluctuation of multi-group trains is strengthened by coach number. Fourier transform of the turbulent and sound pressures presents that coach number has little influence on the peak frequencies, but increases the sound pressure level values at the tail bogie cavities. Furthermore, different from the turbulent pressure, the first two sound pressure proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) modes in the bogie cavities contain 90% of the total energy, and the spatial distributions indicate that the acoustic distributions in the head and tail bogies are not related to coach number.</p>","PeriodicalId":41270,"journal":{"name":"Railway Engineering Science","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141259477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yihao Chi, Hong Xiao, Yang Wang, Zhihai Zhang, Mahantesh M. Nadakatti
{"title":"Experimental study and numerical simulation of the impact of under-sleeper pads on the dynamic and static mechanical behavior of heavy-haul railway ballast track","authors":"Yihao Chi, Hong Xiao, Yang Wang, Zhihai Zhang, Mahantesh M. Nadakatti","doi":"10.1007/s40534-024-00337-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40534-024-00337-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Laying the under-sleeper pad (USP) is one of the effective measures commonly used to delay ballast degradation and reduce maintenance workload. To explore the impact of application of the USP on the dynamic and static mechanical behavior of the ballast track in the heavy-haul railway system, numerical simulation models of the ballast bed with USP and without USP are presented in this paper by using the discrete element method (DEM)—multi-flexible body dynamic (MFBD) coupling analysis method. The ballast bed support stiffness test and dynamic displacement tests were carried out on the actual operation of a heavy-haul railway line to verify the validity of the models. The results show that using the USP results in a 43.01% reduction in the ballast bed support stiffness and achieves a more uniform distribution of track loads on the sleepers. It effectively reduces the load borne by the sleeper directly under the wheel load, with a 7.89% reduction in the pressure on the sleeper. Furthermore, the laying of the USP changes the lateral resistance sharing ratio of the ballast bed, significantly reducing the stress level of the ballast bed under train loads, with an average stress reduction of 42.19 kPa. It also reduces the plastic displacement of ballast particles and lowers the peak value of rotational angular velocity by about 50% to 70%, which is conducive to slowing down ballast bed settlement deformation and reducing maintenance costs. In summary, laying the USP has a potential value in enhancing the stability and extending the lifespan of the ballast bed in heavy-haul railway systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":41270,"journal":{"name":"Railway Engineering Science","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141151943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuchen Liu, Xiaoqin Lyu, Mingyuan Chang, Qiqi Yang
{"title":"Low-frequency oscillation of train–network system considering traction power supply mode","authors":"Yuchen Liu, Xiaoqin Lyu, Mingyuan Chang, Qiqi Yang","doi":"10.1007/s40534-023-00328-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40534-023-00328-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The low-frequency oscillation (LFO) has occurred in the train–network system due to the introduction of the power electronics of the trains. The modeling and analyzing method in current researches based on electrified railway unilateral power supply system are not suitable for the LFO analysis in a bilateral power supply system, where the trains are supplied by two traction substations. In this work, based on the single-input and single-output impedance model of China CRH5 trains, the node admittance matrices of the train–network system both in unilateral and bilateral power supply modes are established, including three-phase power grid, traction transformers and traction network. Then the modal analysis is used to study the oscillation modes and propagation characteristics of the unilateral and bilateral power supply systems. Moreover, the influence of the equivalent inductance of the power grid, the length of the transmission line, and the length of the traction network are analyzed on the critical oscillation mode of the bilateral power supply system. Finally, the theoretical analysis results are verified by the time-domain simulation model in MATLAB/Simulink.</p>","PeriodicalId":41270,"journal":{"name":"Railway Engineering Science","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139911161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Taifeng Li, Kang Xie, Xiaobin Chen, Zhixing Deng, Qian Su
{"title":"Computer vision-aided DEM study on the compaction characteristics of graded subgrade filler considering realistic coarse particle shapes","authors":"Taifeng Li, Kang Xie, Xiaobin Chen, Zhixing Deng, Qian Su","doi":"10.1007/s40534-023-00325-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40534-023-00325-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The compaction quality of subgrade filler strongly affects subgrade settlement. The main objective of this research is to analyze the macro- and micro-mechanical compaction characteristics of subgrade filler based on the real shape of coarse particles. First, an improved Viola–Jones algorithm is employed to establish a digitalized 2D particle database for coarse particle shape evaluation and discrete modeling purposes of subgrade filler. Shape indexes of 2D subgrade filler are then computed and statistically analyzed. Finally, numerical simulations are performed to quantitatively investigate the effects of the aspect ratio (AR) and interparticle friction coefficient (<i>μ</i>) on the macro- and micro-mechanical compaction characteristics of subgrade filler based on the discrete element method (DEM). The results show that with the increasing AR, the coarse particles are narrower, leading to the increasing movement of fine particles during compaction, which indicates that it is difficult for slender coarse particles to inhibit the migration of fine particles. Moreover, the average displacement of particles is strongly influenced by the AR, indicating that their occlusion under power relies on particle shapes. The displacement and velocity of fine particles are much greater than those of the coarse particles, which shows that compaction is primarily a migration of fine particles. Under the cyclic load, the interparticle friction coefficient <i>μ</i> has little effect on the internal structure of the sample; under the quasi-static loads, however, the increase in <i>μ</i> will lead to a significant increase in the porosity of the sample. This study could not only provide a novel approach to investigate the compaction mechanism but also establish a new theoretical basis for the evaluation of intelligent subgrade compaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":41270,"journal":{"name":"Railway Engineering Science","volume":"164 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138553090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yue Zhou, Xi Wang, Hongbo Que, Rubing Guo, Xinhai Lin, Siqin Jin, Chengpan Wu, Yu Hou
{"title":"Torque effect on vibration behavior of high-speed train gearbox under internal and external excitations","authors":"Yue Zhou, Xi Wang, Hongbo Que, Rubing Guo, Xinhai Lin, Siqin Jin, Chengpan Wu, Yu Hou","doi":"10.1007/s40534-023-00323-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40534-023-00323-3","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The high-speed train transmission system, experiencing both the internal excitation originating from gear meshing and the external excitation originating from the wheel–rail interaction, exhibits complex dynamic behavior in the actual service environment. This paper focuses on the gearbox in the high-speed train to carry out the bench test, in which various operating conditions (torques and rotation speeds) were set up and the excitation condition covering both internal and external was created. Acceleration responses on multiple positions of the gearbox were acquired in the test and the vibration behavior of the gearbox was studied. Meanwhile, a stochastic excitation modal test was also carried out on the test bench under different torques, and the modal parameter of the gearbox was identified. Finally, the sweep frequency response of the gearbox under gear meshing excitation was analyzed through dynamic modeling. The results showed that the torque has an attenuating effect on the amplitude of gear meshing frequency on the gearbox, and the effect of external excitation on the gearbox vibration cannot be ignored, especially under the rated operating condition. It was also found that the torque affects the modal parameter of the gearbox significantly. The torque has a great effect on both the gear meshing stiffness and the bearing stiffness in the transmission system, which is the inherent reason for the changed modal characteristics observed in the modal test and affects the vibration behavior of the gearbox consequently.","PeriodicalId":41270,"journal":{"name":"Railway Engineering Science","volume":"121 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134956885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Traction power systems for electrified railways: evolution, state of the art, and future trends","authors":"Haitao Hu, Yunjiang Liu, Yong Li, Zhengyou He, Shibin Gao, Xiaojuan Zhu, Haidong Tao","doi":"10.1007/s40534-023-00320-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40534-023-00320-6","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Traction power systems (TPSs) play a vital role in the operation of electrified railways. The transformation of conventional railway TPSs to novel structures is not only a trend to promote the development of electrified railways toward high-efficiency and resilience but also an inevitable requirement to achieve carbon neutrality target. On the basis of sorting out the power supply structures of conventional AC and DC modes, this paper first reviews the characteristics of the existing TPSs, such as weak power supply flexibility and low-energy efficiency. Furthermore, the power supply structures of various TPSs for future electrified railways are described in detail, which satisfy longer distance, low-carbon, high-efficiency, high-reliability and high-quality power supply requirements. Meanwhile, the application prospects of different traction modes are discussed from both technical and economic aspects. Eventually, this paper introduces the research progress of mixed-system electrified railways and traction power supply technologies without catenary system, speculates on the future development trends and challenges of TPSs and predicts that TPSs will be based on the continuous power supply mode, employing power electronic equipment and intelligent information technology to construct a railway comprehensive energy system with renewable energy.","PeriodicalId":41270,"journal":{"name":"Railway Engineering Science","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134956871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis of mesoscopic mechanical dynamic characteristics of ballast bed with under sleeper pads","authors":"Xiong Yang, Liuyang Yu, Xuejun Wang, Zhigang Xu, Yu Deng, Houxu Li","doi":"10.1007/s40534-023-00319-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40534-023-00319-z","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The meso-dynamical behaviour of a high-speed rail ballast bed with under sleeper pads (USPs) was studied. The geometrically irregular refined discrete element model of the ballast particles was constructed using 3D scanning techniques, and the 3D dynamic model of the rail–sleeper–ballast bed was constructed using the coupled discrete element method–multi-flexible-body dynamics (DEM–MFBD) approach. We analyse the meso-mechanical dynamics of the ballast bed with USPs under dynamic load on a train and verify the correctness of the model in laboratory tests. It is shown that the deformation of the USPs increases the contact area between the sleeper and the ballast particles, and subsequently the number of contacts between them. As the depth of the granular ballast bed increases, the contact area becomes larger, and the contact force between the ballast particles gradually decreases. Under the action of the elastic USPs, the contact forces between ballast particles are reduced and the overall vibration level of the ballast bed can be reduced. The settlement of the granular ballast bed occurs mainly at the shallow position of the sleeper bottom, and the installation of the elastic USPs can be effective in reducing the stress on the ballast particles and the settlement of the ballast bed.","PeriodicalId":41270,"journal":{"name":"Railway Engineering Science","volume":"75 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134974251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. F. Jackson, R. Mishra, J. M. Rebelo, J. Santos, P. Antunes, J. Pombo, H. Magalhães, L. Wills, M. Askill
{"title":"Modelling dynamic pantograph loads with combined numerical analysis","authors":"F. F. Jackson, R. Mishra, J. M. Rebelo, J. Santos, P. Antunes, J. Pombo, H. Magalhães, L. Wills, M. Askill","doi":"10.1007/s40534-023-00318-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40534-023-00318-0","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Appropriate interaction between pantograph and catenary is imperative for smooth operation of electric trains. Changing heights of overhead lines to accommodate level crossings, overbridges, and tunnels pose significant challenges in maintaining consistent current collection performance as the pantograph aerodynamic profile, and thus aerodynamic load changes significantly with operational height. This research aims to analyse the global flow characteristics and aerodynamic forces acting on individual components of an HSX pantograph operating in different configurations and orientations, such that the results can be combined with multibody simulations to obtain accurate dynamic insight into contact forces. Specifically, computational fluid dynamics simulations are used to investigate the pantograph component loads in a representative setting, such as that of the recessed cavity on a Class 800 train. From an aerodynamic perspective, this study indicates that the total drag force acting on non-fixed components of the pantograph is larger for the knuckle-leading orientation rather than the knuckle-trailing, although the difference between the two is found to reduce with increasing pantograph extension. Combining the aerodynamic loads acting on individual components with multibody tools allows for realistic dynamic insight into the pantograph behaviour. The results obtained show how considering aerodynamic forces enhance the realism of the models, leading to behaviour of the pantograph–catenary contact forces closely matching that seen in experimental tests.","PeriodicalId":41270,"journal":{"name":"Railway Engineering Science","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135855530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xin Wang, Qian Su, Zongyu Zhang, Feihu Huang, Chenfang He
{"title":"Stability analysis of loose accumulation slopes under rainfall: case study of a high-speed railway in Southwest China","authors":"Xin Wang, Qian Su, Zongyu Zhang, Feihu Huang, Chenfang He","doi":"10.1007/s40534-023-00317-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40534-023-00317-1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The high and steep slopes along a high-speed railway in the mountainous area of Southwest China are mostly composed of loose accumulations of debris with large internal pores and poor stability, which can easily induce adverse geological disasters under rainfall conditions. To ensure the smooth construction of the high-speed railway and the subsequent safe operation, it is necessary to master the stability evolution process of the loose accumulation slope under rainfall. This article simulates rainfall using the finite element analysis software’s hydromechanical coupling module. The slope stability under various rainfall situations is calculated and analysed based on the strength reduction method. To validate the simulation results, a field monitoring system is established to study the deformation characteristics of the slope under rainfall. The results show that rainfall duration is the key factor affecting slope stability. Given a constant amount of rainfall, the stability of the slope decreases with increasing duration of rainfall. Moreover, when the amount and duration of rainfall are constant, continuous rainfall has a greater impact on slope stability than intermittent rainfall. The setting of the field retaining structures has a significant role in improving slope stability. The field monitoring data show that the slope is in the initial deformation stage and has good stability, which verifies the rationality of the numerical simulation method. The research results can provide some references for understanding the influence of rainfall on the stability of loose accumulation slopes along high-speed railways and establishing a monitoring system.","PeriodicalId":41270,"journal":{"name":"Railway Engineering Science","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135826190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}