Vestnik Permskogo Universiteta-Istoriya-Perm University Herald-History最新文献_第2页

WHITE HOUSE AND UNITED STATES CAPITOL: BATTLE FOR THE SUPREME COURT (SECOND HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY) 白宫与美国国会大厦:最高法院之争(20世纪下半叶)

Vestnik Permskogo Universiteta-Istoriya-Perm University Herald-History Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.17072/2219-3111-2023-2-84-95

A. I. Makurin

{"title":"WHITE HOUSE AND UNITED STATES CAPITOL: BATTLE FOR THE SUPREME COURT (SECOND HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY)","authors":"A. I. Makurin","doi":"10.17072/2219-3111-2023-2-84-95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17072/2219-3111-2023-2-84-95","url":null,"abstract":"The U.S. Constitution requires the President to submit Supreme Court nominees to the Senate for its advice and consent. The appointment of a Supreme Court Justice is an event of major significance in American politics. Since the early 20th century, Presidents have submitted 62 nominations for the Court, including those for the post of Chief Justice. Of this total, 55 were confirmed (seven declined to serve). The article dissects the crucial constitutional disputes between the executive and legislative branches of government from the Eisenhower administration to the end of the Clinton administration, and examines the day-to-day working relations between the President and Congress, which go beyond the traditional discussions of Supreme Court decisions. The article analyzes the conflicts between the President and Congress in the field of shared power – nomination and confirmation of the Supreme Court Justices in the Senate. The research is based on historical and statistical data on the Supreme Court: its institutional development; decision trends; background, nomination; its relations with public, governmental, and other judicial bodies; and its influence. A special place in the article is given to the analysis of the policies of the Nixon, Reagan and Clinton administrations.","PeriodicalId":41257,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Permskogo Universiteta-Istoriya-Perm University Herald-History","volume":"158 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136367332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

THE OFFICER’S SKAZKA OF THE RUSSIAN SCOT 这名军官是俄罗斯苏格兰人

Vestnik Permskogo Universiteta-Istoriya-Perm University Herald-History Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.17072/2219-3111-2023-2-36-40

K. N. Stankov

{"title":"THE OFFICER’S SKAZKA OF THE RUSSIAN SCOT","authors":"K. N. Stankov","doi":"10.17072/2219-3111-2023-2-36-40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17072/2219-3111-2023-2-36-40","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, an attempt is made to publicize an important historical source from the Russian State Military Historical Archive. This document is an officer’s “skazka” of the Scottish brigadier of the Russian army James Gordon. In the Russian army, the officer’s “skazka” was the main document containing information about the staff of the commanders before using the questionnaire. This document is of special importance because it reports about a remarkable person. James Gordon was the son of Tsar Peter I’s friend – General Patrick Gordon. James was an experienced officer and took part in many battles. After a short military service in Russia, he boosted his military career in England, where he served in the Guard of the king James II Stuart. After the “Glorious Revolution” of 1688–1689, when James II was overthrown, James Gordon took part in the Jacobite movement. During the First Jacobite rebellion, J. Gordon participated in many battles on land and sea, including the famous battle of Killiecrankie, where he was badly wounded. After his return to Russia, he participated in the Azov Campaigns and in the Great Northern War. The Swedes took James captive twice. Besides that, J. Gordon was the first person born in Russia to become a Count of the Holy Roman Empire and a knight of the Order of Malta. The aim of this publication is to attract attention to this person and to the problem of the Scots’ service in the Russian army.","PeriodicalId":41257,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Permskogo Universiteta-Istoriya-Perm University Herald-History","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136367335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

AMERICAN CONSERVATIVES AND IMMIGRATION POLICY DURING GEORGE W. BUSH PRESIDENCY 布什总统任期内的美国保守派和移民政策

Vestnik Permskogo Universiteta-Istoriya-Perm University Herald-History Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.17072/2219-3111-2023-2-96-107

V. R. Zolotykh

{"title":"AMERICAN CONSERVATIVES AND IMMIGRATION POLICY DURING GEORGE W. BUSH PRESIDENCY","authors":"V. R. Zolotykh","doi":"10.17072/2219-3111-2023-2-96-107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17072/2219-3111-2023-2-96-107","url":null,"abstract":"Immigration reform in the United States is one of the hottest topics in politics, causing a split in American society. Numerous attempts by presidents and Congress to reform this sphere ended either in failure or in half-hearted measures that dissatisfied both supporters of immigration and its opponents. The article examines the role of American conservatives in blocking the liberal immigration reform of the George W. Bush administration in 2006–2008. I a very short period, representatives of various currents of the U.S. conservative movement were able to consolidate their positions on the basis of an anti-immigrant platform and use new tools of influence, both in relation to congressmen and in the formation of public opinion. The article analyzes the role of social networks and a new phenomenon in the conservative movement (the name was originally proposed by The New York Times) such as a “New Internet-linked national constituency”, which managed to very quickly and effectively close ranks among the opponents of the president’s “grand bargain” and destroy the unity of the pro-immigrant-minded elite. The article evaluates the actions of George W. Bush to initiate the immigration reform and explores the nature of the conflict between conservatives and the president. Analysis of various aspects of the political conflict that arose in 2006–2008 between the restrictionists and the president helps in better understanding of the situation within the conservative movement and the prospects for its development.","PeriodicalId":41257,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Permskogo Universiteta-Istoriya-Perm University Herald-History","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136367850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

«... We say goodbye to you "forever"...»: correspondence of N.M. Bubnov and S.F. Platonov (1901-1917) «……我们“永远”和你说再见……»:布布诺夫与普拉托诺夫的通信(1901-1917)

IF 0.1

Vestnik Permskogo Universiteta-Istoriya-Perm University Herald-History Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.53549/27132374_2023_4_1_8

V. Mitrofanov

引用次数: 0

KUNGUR TIKHVIN CONVENT DURING THE PERIOD OF CHURCH REFORMS OF THE FIRST HALF OF THE 18TH CENTURY 18世纪上半叶教会改革时期的昆古尔季赫温修道院

Vestnik Permskogo Universiteta-Istoriya-Perm University Herald-History Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.17072/2219-3111-2023-1-173-185

E. V. Kustova

{"title":"KUNGUR TIKHVIN CONVENT DURING THE PERIOD OF CHURCH REFORMS OF THE FIRST HALF OF THE 18TH CENTURY","authors":"E. V. Kustova","doi":"10.17072/2219-3111-2023-1-173-185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17072/2219-3111-2023-1-173-185","url":null,"abstract":"The history of Russian female monasticism of the first half of the 18th century is a poorly studied topic in Russian historiography. The article is devoted to the last women's monastery created in the Urals in the pre-Synodal era. Various aspects of its life during the difficult period of church reforms of Peter I and his successors are revealed. Based on new archival documents of the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts and the Central State Archive of the Kirov Region, the 50-year history of the monastery is presented in a comprehensive manner for the first time. A brief review of the development of the Kungur lands and their Christianization is given, the prerequisites and circumstances for the emergence of the monastery are analyzed. The formation of its architectural ensemble is shown, the view of the temple and its interior decoration is described, a brief analysis of the book collection is given. The article examines the personalities of the abbesses of the monastery and gives a description of the age and social composition of the sisters. The questions of «survival» of the monastery in the course of Peter the Great reforms, the sources of its existence are analyzed. Since the monastery was worldly, the role of benefactors in its development, strengthening its material level in difficult historical conditions is especially noted. The attempt to close the monastery in 1724–1725 and the reasons for its slow death in the next quarter of a century are considered. The history of the Tikhvin icon of the Mother of God is revealed in connection with the history of the Kungur monastery. Its importance in the life of the town after the closure of the convent is shown, in particular, in connection with the history of the uprising of Yemelyan Pugachev.","PeriodicalId":41257,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Permskogo Universiteta-Istoriya-Perm University Herald-History","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136302281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

THE “PARIS COMMITTEE” PLOT: CONSPIRACY THEORIES AND IMPERIAL ELITES IN RUSSIA IN THE LATER YEARS OF ALEXANDER I’S REIGN “巴黎委员会”阴谋:亚历山大一世统治后期俄罗斯的阴谋论与帝国精英

Vestnik Permskogo Universiteta-Istoriya-Perm University Herald-History Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.17072/2219-3111-2023-1-134-145

Y. S. Abdullaev

{"title":"THE “PARIS COMMITTEE” PLOT: CONSPIRACY THEORIES AND IMPERIAL ELITES IN RUSSIA IN THE LATER YEARS OF ALEXANDER I’S REIGN","authors":"Y. S. Abdullaev","doi":"10.17072/2219-3111-2023-1-134-145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17072/2219-3111-2023-1-134-145","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the recent surge of interest in studies of conspiracy theories in Russia and post-Soviet countries, scholars still largely neglect the early nineteenth-century period, which is nonetheless crucial for the understanding of the Russian conspiratorial tradition. This paper aims to bridge the existing gap by offering a new interpretation of the conspiracism and dynamics of its production and dissemination in the later years of Alexander I’s reign. Echoing ongoing historiographical debates, it identifies the 1820s as a starting point for the intervention of the conspiratorial discourse into Russian political culture and public opinion. Several crucial factors predetermined the actualization of the myth of global conspiracy at this time: the reception of Western conspiracy theorists’ works, growing mystical sentiments in the court, and the revolutionary crisis in Southern Europe. By applying the “generative” model from the latest conspiracy studies and the theory of political myth, the essay argues that functionality was a core element of the conspiracy mythology in Alexandrine Russia. Civil servants, diplomats, and clergymen at multiple levels of the ruling hierarchy utilized conspiracy narratives to satisfy their demands. Through the myth’s articulation, they helped themselves to comprehend the causality of political events, solve various career problems, pledge loyalty to the monarchy, identify with power hegemony, and struggle in an intra-elite competition. To substantiate the outlined theses, a wide array of archival and published materials related to specific cases of conspiracy rhetoric’s implementation was deployed and analyzed. Overall, the findings presented here might help to open unexplored perspectives for the reexamination of the instrumental relevance of conspiracy theories for the educated classes, to come up with a modified approach for studying Russian conspiratorial culture and the continuity of its modern form with the imperial one.","PeriodicalId":41257,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Permskogo Universiteta-Istoriya-Perm University Herald-History","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136302753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

LETTERS TO THE EDITORIAL BOARD TO THE SOVIET REGIONAL PRESS IN 1985–1991 AS A FORM OF HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL ACTIVISM (ON THE MATERIALS OF THE PERM REGION) 1985-1991年给苏联地区媒体编辑部的信，作为一种历史和文化行动主义(关于彼尔姆地区的材料)

Vestnik Permskogo Universiteta-Istoriya-Perm University Herald-History Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.17072/2219-3111-2023-2-172-185

A. R. Ekhlakova, G. A. Yankovskaya

{"title":"LETTERS TO THE EDITORIAL BOARD TO THE SOVIET REGIONAL PRESS IN 1985–1991 AS A FORM OF HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL ACTIVISM (ON THE MATERIALS OF THE PERM REGION)","authors":"A. R. Ekhlakova, G. A. Yankovskaya","doi":"10.17072/2219-3111-2023-2-172-185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17072/2219-3111-2023-2-172-185","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers “letters to the editors” addressed to the regional Soviet newspapers in 1985–1991as a kind of “letters to the authorities” and an important channel for this type of social and political communication. In the second half of the 1980s, the scale of the epistolary activities of Soviet citizens increased significantly. The departments of letters in central and local newspapers and magazines “drowned” in the flow of letters written on a wide range of issues – from the current political agenda to personal biographies of newspaper readers. History, the past, historical and cultural heritage have become a distinctive feature of the “letters to the editor” during perestroika. The paper focuses on a complex of unpublished written sources – letters from readers to the editorial office of the popular newspapers Molodaya Gvardiya and Vechernyaya Perm, published in the capital of the Perm region. The data of the local press are supplemented by the archival files of the all-Union weekly Literaturnaya Gazeta. The study shows that letters to the editor of the period under research represent the hierarchical nature of communication between readers and the editors from the bottom up, demonstrate the inequality of the potentials of the sender and recipient of letters. Letters to the editor often were often written according to the formats that had developed in the previous decades of Soviet history. On the other hand, the sources make it possible to reveal the discursive features of the letters of the perestroika era in terms of composition, rhetorical devices and themes. Letters to the editor are interpreted as one of the channels for promoting local historical and cultural initiatives, activism on issues of local identity, etc.","PeriodicalId":41257,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Permskogo Universiteta-Istoriya-Perm University Herald-History","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136367624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

MAYOR: A RETROSPECTIVE IN THE CONTEXT OF FAMILY CORRESPONDENCE BOOK REVIEW: AGEEVA, MARGARITA (2020), UFA MAYOR ALEXANDER MALLEEV: A STORY IN LETTERS, INFORMREKLAMA LLC, UFA, RUSSIA, 448 Р.: IL. 市长：家庭通信背景下的回顾》书评：Ageeva，Margarita (2020)，《乌法市长亚历山大-马列耶夫：书信中的故事》，informreklama llc，乌法，俄罗斯，448 р.: il.

Vestnik Permskogo Universiteta-Istoriya-Perm University Herald-History Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.17072/2219-3111-2023-1-160-165

G. B. Azamatova

{"title":"MAYOR: A RETROSPECTIVE IN THE CONTEXT OF FAMILY CORRESPONDENCE BOOK REVIEW: AGEEVA, MARGARITA (2020), UFA MAYOR ALEXANDER MALLEEV: A STORY IN LETTERS, INFORMREKLAMA LLC, UFA, RUSSIA, 448 Р.: IL.","authors":"G. B. Azamatova","doi":"10.17072/2219-3111-2023-1-160-165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17072/2219-3111-2023-1-160-165","url":null,"abstract":"The new book by Margarita V. Ageeva presents the family correspondence of the Ufa mayor A.A. Malleev and studies his biography. The epistolary finding and the specific historical context of the story introduce different aspects of the history of urban administration and the everyday life of the provincial nobility in the late 19th – early 20th centuries. The book has become an original contribution to regional historiography, and its author has revised some of the conclusions of his predecessors, based on a metahistorical narrative. Information about the origin and genealogical relations of the family surname sheds light on the formation of the official elite in the eastern provinces as a result of the industrial development of the region in the 18th century and the reforms of local government and the court system in the post-reform period. The epistolary material recreates a portrait of personal qualities of the modernizers and testifies to the formation of new personnel in the provinces – the carriers of a genuine democratic culture. The author analyzes the influence of ethical views of officials on managerial decision-making as a central problem poorly developed in institutional history. The author traced it on the example of the events of the 1905 revolutionary crisis in Ufa. The discourse of private correspondence contains a lot of valuable evidence on the family life of the Malleevs, their religious identity and methods of raising children, on cultural and everyday life of the urban elite of a provincial town. The style and spelling of the letters, as well as the turns of phrase and the accepted spelling of certain words at that time, have remained unchanged, which increases the value of the source. The literal capture of the smallest details of everyday history make the book a practical tool for museum workers, fashion historians and other professionals.","PeriodicalId":41257,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Permskogo Universiteta-Istoriya-Perm University Herald-History","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136303111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

TEMPORAL AND EXPLANATORY CONJUNCTIONS IN DIFFER-ENT TEXTUAL PARTS OF THE KIEVAN CHRONICLE 基辅编年史中不同文本部分的时间和解释性连词

Vestnik Permskogo Universiteta-Istoriya-Perm University Herald-History Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.17072/2219-3111-2023-1-113-123

I. S. Yurieva

{"title":"TEMPORAL AND EXPLANATORY CONJUNCTIONS IN DIFFER-ENT TEXTUAL PARTS OF THE KIEVAN CHRONICLE","authors":"I. S. Yurieva","doi":"10.17072/2219-3111-2023-1-113-123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17072/2219-3111-2023-1-113-123","url":null,"abstract":"The paper examines the ratio of synonymous temporal and expository conjunctions within the six parts of the Kievan Chronicle, previously defined by linguistic features. The author analyzes the proper temporal conjunctions egda and koli, as well as the multifunctional yako and kako and unique for the Kievan chronicle ako in terms of temporal function. The author follows the peculiarities of explanatory appendices with multifunctional conjunctions izhe, chto, ako(zhe), kako, azhe, ozhe and jako. The usage of temporal and explanatory conjunctions in different parts of the Kievan Chronicle can be compared with different Old Rus texts, including other chronicles, both using more and less bookish language – for example, with the bookish Galician Chronicle, the archaic Tale of Bygone Years, or, on the contrary, with the Volhynian Chronicle, whose language is close to the living Old Russian. The study shows that in the parts of the Kievan Chronicle, separated by previously found textual seams in the annals for 1144, 1150, 1152, 1171, and 1183–1184, the strategies for using synonymous subordinating conjunctions are also different. In particular, the contexts for temporal conjunctions change (narrative related to the activities of princes; religious narrative; direct speech of churchmen; direct speech of secular people) and the choice of predicate for the explanatory conjunctions differs ('think', 'know, 'speak/tell', 'swear', 'see', 'hear'). This shows that the Kievan Chronicle was probably composed by six different authors who followed different linguistic guidelines, including those concerning temporal and explanatory conjunctions.","PeriodicalId":41257,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Permskogo Universiteta-Istoriya-Perm University Herald-History","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136303112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

COMPARISON OF CHILD MORTALITY RATES IN PERM IN THE 18TH CENTURY ACCORDING TO METRIC CHURCH BOOKS AND SKELETAL REMAINS DATA 根据米制教堂书籍和遗骨数据比较18世纪彼尔姆的儿童死亡率

Vestnik Permskogo Universiteta-Istoriya-Perm University Herald-History Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.17072/2219-3111-2023-2-162-171

P. R. Smertin

{"title":"COMPARISON OF CHILD MORTALITY RATES IN PERM IN THE 18TH CENTURY ACCORDING TO METRIC CHURCH BOOKS AND SKELETAL REMAINS DATA","authors":"P. R. Smertin","doi":"10.17072/2219-3111-2023-2-162-171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17072/2219-3111-2023-2-162-171","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes child mortality in Perm in the 18th century. The data of sex and age definitions of the skeletal remains obtained during excavations of the Peter and Paul Necropolis in 2021, as well as data from the church metric books of the Peter and Paul Cathedral (1792–1796) and some statistical data, were used. At the Peter and Paul necropolis, formed near the Peter and Paul Church, the first citizen of Perm were buried. This is especially relevant in the year of the celebration of the 300th anniversary of the city. Results were obtained on high child mortality – about 70% of the total group. The maximum mortality is recorded in infancy (up to 1 year), it also accounts for 70% of all children. Interestingly, the mortality rate of infancy in lacteous period (from 28 days to 1 year) is significantly higher than in newborns (natus, from birth to 28 days). The causes of child mortality could be different: infectious, gastrointestinal, colds, congenital anomalies, etc. When comparing data on mortality and fertility, it turned out that the born generation lost half of its representatives. The consequence of this is a low natural increase in the population of Perm, even with a high fertility of the population. High child mortality (especially in infancy) was characteristic of pre-industrial society. In Perm province, it has remained consistently high for several centuries, which provides important historical information about the socio-economic development of the country and the region, as well as the sanitary and hygienic condition of the population and the level of the development of medicine.","PeriodicalId":41257,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Permskogo Universiteta-Istoriya-Perm University Herald-History","volume":"158 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136367643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0