Greenhouse Gas Measurement and Management最新文献

{"title":"Fugitive greenhouse gas emissions in ventilation air from Australian underground coal mines","authors":"Stuart J Day, R. Fry, B. Halliburton","doi":"10.1080/20430779.2012.725054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20430779.2012.725054","url":null,"abstract":"Seam gas released during coal mining is a substantial source of fugitive greenhouse gas emissions worldwide. Most of these emissions originate from underground mining; however, lack of robust global data means that the scale of emissions remains uncertain. Some coal-producing countries are attempting to improve the quality of emission estimates by using ventilation data to calculate emissions from individual mines. Legislation recently introduced in Australia now requires coal mine operators to estimate and report annual fugitive emissions. This article examines the methodology currently used at most Australian mines to meet these requirements. To assess the performance of this methodology, we compared the results of routine measurements of ventilation air flow rate and gas composition to those made with reference methods. The primary sources of uncertainty in the techniques are identified and their contributions to the uncertainty of the reported fugitive emission fluxes are estimated.","PeriodicalId":411329,"journal":{"name":"Greenhouse Gas Measurement and Management","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115157055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of two methods for the estimation of greenhouse gas flux from rice ecosystems in India","authors":"A. Datta, S. Das, K. Manjunath, T. Adhya","doi":"10.1080/20430779.2012.699771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20430779.2012.699771","url":null,"abstract":"In India the greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural field are mainly measured by conventional closed chamber (CCC) method. An experiment was conducted to compare the methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) flux from rice fields using the CCC method and the modified closed chamber (MCC) method. The air-circulatory pump and Tedler® sampling bag in the CCC method were replaced with a power supply (18 V) and three-way valve attached glass syringe, respectively, to reduce the operational cost and ensure safe transportation of samples to the laboratory for analysis. The experiment was conducted under irrigated, upland and deepwater rice growing ecosystems in Odisha, India. The study demonstrates that there was no significant difference in the CH4 and N2O flux measured with the CCC and MCC methods throughout the rice growing season under irrigated condition. However, in the upland rice ecosystem, significantly higher CH4 flux was recorded with the MCC method during maximum tillering stage of rice. N2O flux was recorded higher in deepwater rice ecosystem during the maximum tillering stage with the MCC method. These maybe attributed to high spatial variability of CH4 flux from upland area and higher dissolve rate of N2O in water. As the study has recorded no significant differences in CH4 and N2O emissions measurement using the two methods from different rice growing environments during most of the crop growth stages, the cost-effective MCC method maybe used for large-scale field sampling.","PeriodicalId":411329,"journal":{"name":"Greenhouse Gas Measurement and Management","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129976519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A pragmatic method for estimating greenhouse gas emissions from leakage for Improved Forest Management projects under the Verified Carbon Standard","authors":"S. Sharma, M. Telfer, Samuel T.G. Phua, Helen C Chandler","doi":"10.1080/20430779.2012.696237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20430779.2012.696237","url":null,"abstract":"Under the Verified Carbon Standard (VCS), adjustments must be made for leakage when calculating the net greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions for an Improved Forest Management (IFM) project. Leakage can be distinguished as either activity shifting leakage or market leakage, based on the agent doing the shifting, and the forest location where the timber harvesting occurs. The current VCS method of applying default market leakage discount factors to determine market leakage can significantly affect the feasibility of IFM projects. In addition, the VCS requirement to demonstrate ‘no leakage’ for activity shifting leakage may also jeopardize a project's viability. An empirical ex post method for accounting for leakage of an IFM project has been proposed in this article. Annual timber harvesting data gathered during the historical reference period and the monitoring period of an IFM project is applied and tested in case studies under various timber harvesting scenarios. The recommended method for activity shifting requires regular monitoring of all potential leakage areas comprising forestlands existing or newly acquired by the IFM Project Proponent. Quantification of market leakage using directly measured data from a national database reduces both the risk and the uncertainty of market leakage attributed to an IFM project.","PeriodicalId":411329,"journal":{"name":"Greenhouse Gas Measurement and Management","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114247208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping concentrations of airborne matter to quantify the fugitive emissions discharge rate from a landfill","authors":"Colin L. Y. Wong, R. Wyles","doi":"10.1080/20430779.2012.706192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20430779.2012.706192","url":null,"abstract":"The concentrations of methane in an emission plume from a demolition waste landfill located on Shxwhá:y Village land in Chilliwack, British Columbia, Canada were mapped in cross-section and the methane emission discharge rate was quantified using the airborne matter mapping (AMM) method. Application of the AMM method involved the measurement of wind velocity at the site, mounting a GPS and a fast, high-resolution concentration measurement instrument on a helicopter and then travelling through the plume along a measurement path, with each sampling run at different elevations. The data were contoured to produce a map of concentrations in cross-section through the plume on a measurement surface. The methane concentration data were also projected with the wind flow direction onto a flux plane and, when the wind speed was applied and an adjustment made for the background concentrations, the net mass flow rate of methane across the measurement surface and the mass emission discharge rate from the fugitive emission source were calculated to be 2.3 g/s. However, a portion of the plume was not mapped.","PeriodicalId":411329,"journal":{"name":"Greenhouse Gas Measurement and Management","volume":"939 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127003781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CO2 emissions from cropland in Norway estimated by IPCC default and Tier 2 methods","authors":"S. Borgen, Arne Grønlund, O. Andrén, T. Kätterer, O. E. Tveito, L. Bakken, K. Paustian","doi":"10.1080/20430779.2012.672306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20430779.2012.672306","url":null,"abstract":"Monitoring changes in soil organic carbon is linked not only to atmospheric CO2 dynamics, but also to the sustainability of agricultural systems, maintaining food security, reducing water pollution and soil erosion. In accordance with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) methodology, a Tier 2 method for estimating CO2 emissions from cropland on mineral soils in Norway was developed and the results were compared with those of the default Tier 1 method. A soil C balance model, the introductory carbon balance model (ICBM) was used to calculate country-specific soil organic carbon (SOC) stock change factors for cropland management systems for the Tier 2 method. Annual CO2 emissions from cropland management were substantially higher when estimated by the default Tier 1 method (313 Gg CO2 per year) compared with Tier 2 (149 Gg CO2 per year). The differences between the results were mainly due to the default Tier 1 stock change factors for crop rotations without manure application, which led to greater CO2 emissions compared with the ICBM-based factors. Reduction in livestock numbers and reduced manure application to arable land were the main causes of net emissions from soil for both the methods. Policies to stabilize or increase livestock numbers could reduce soil CO2 emissions, although the impacts on other agricultural emissions sources, particularly methane from livestock, would need to be considered.","PeriodicalId":411329,"journal":{"name":"Greenhouse Gas Measurement and Management","volume":"219 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122473080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon management as a strategic challenge for SMEs","authors":"H. Hendrichs, T. Busch","doi":"10.1080/20430779.2012.687358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20430779.2012.687358","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change poses a challenge to politicians and business managers alike. Small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) cannot ignore the potential impact of climate change and the related institutional adjustments on their daily business activities. They need to assess how both climate change mitigation and adaptation should be reflected in their corporate strategies. This article focuses on climate change mitigation and discusses the challenges SMEs face when incorporating a strategy for greenhouse gas measurement and management. We outline an SME-specific carbon management framework and discuss key findings and lessons learned from a case study of a medium-sized company in Switzerland which has successfully used this framework. We summarize our findings for SMEs incorporating such a strategic approach and provide recommendations for further research.","PeriodicalId":411329,"journal":{"name":"Greenhouse Gas Measurement and Management","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126212152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Kyoto Protocol reporting and review process","authors":"T. Pulles","doi":"10.1080/20430779.2012.699810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20430779.2012.699810","url":null,"abstract":"1. The Kyoto commitment period emissions reporting Annex I Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) have recently submitted their 2012 annual emission inventories covering greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for the time period 1990–2010 (see UNFCCC, 2012). These submissions were due by 15 April 2012, by which time the opportunities to reduce real-world emissions before the end of the Kyoto commitment period (2008–2012) were almost over. Parties negotiated a 15-month period between the end of a year and the submission of their inventories (UNFCCC, 1999). This time lag is needed, as the collection of a large body of mainly statistical data to estimate emissions needs time. EU Member States must report their GHG inventories under the EU Monitoring Mechanism Decision (European Union, 2004) 3 months prior to the UNFCCC deadline, to enable the European Union to ensure availability of these data to compile the EU wide inventory in line with its own reporting obligations as one of the Parties to UNFCCC. As a result, the time series included in these most recent emission inventory submissions covers only three of the 5 years of the Kyoto commitment period. So Parties have reported emissions data for a bit over half of the commitment period while this commitment period has almost fully passed. Annual submissions are prepared by Parties in a welldefined format: a set of about 60 linked tables, known as the Common Reporting Format (CRF) and a companion National Inventory Report that follows a prescribed outline and details the methods, data and results of the inventory compilation process (UNFCCC, 2003). The latest submissions from Parties, past submissions and a database of national GHG data are available from UNFCCC (2011).","PeriodicalId":411329,"journal":{"name":"Greenhouse Gas Measurement and Management","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127958534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing a facility-level reporting programme for sources of non-CO2 gases: the United States experience","authors":"Lisa Hanle, Suzanne Kocchi, Shaun Ragnauth","doi":"10.1080/20430779.2012.696238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20430779.2012.696238","url":null,"abstract":"Many countries are considering opportunities to develop mandatory greenhouse gas (GHG) reporting programmes to support policy analysis. A primary focus of these reporting programmes is reporting of CO2 emissions. However, it would be a mistake to overlook non-CO2 emission sources. Recognizing the importance of these emissions, the U.S. GHG Reporting Program (GHGRP) covers major sources of CH4, N2O and fluorinated gases. The GHGRP includes reporting of non-CO2 emissions from adipic and nitric acid production, several industries emitting fluorinated gases, landfills, manure management, coal mines, petroleum and natural gas systems and wastewater. Some sources of non-CO2 emissions can be incorporated in a facility-level reporting programme with relative ease (e.g. aluminum production). For other sources, developing a facility-level reporting programme can pose challenges. The article reviews the sources of non-CO2 emissions most amenable to facility-level reporting considering existing quantification methods and the size and number of reporters, as well as challenges associated with these sources. Finally, relative cost-effectiveness of reporting ($/ton CO2e reported) is presented for facilities with non-CO2 compared with facilities reporting primarily combustion and process-related CO2 emissions. Throughout the article key issues are highlighted that may be useful for policymakers to consider when developing their own GHG reporting programme.","PeriodicalId":411329,"journal":{"name":"Greenhouse Gas Measurement and Management","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128577178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon Management in Tourism: Mitigating the Impacts on Climate Change","authors":"Mike Burnett","doi":"10.1080/20430779.2011.637672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20430779.2011.637672","url":null,"abstract":"carbon management in tourism mitigating the impacts on carbon management in tourism is the first book devoted to carbon emission reductions and to showcase a wide range of practical mitigation measures this book provides a comprehensive overview by combining theory and practice of climate change mitigation in global tourism addressing various levels of scale such as global national and regional tourism systems as well as individual tourism businesses, carbon management in tourism mitigating the impacts on climate change is one of the single most important global environmental issues facing the world today and is emerging as a major topic in tourism studies tourism is one of the world s largest industries it both contributes to and will be notably affected by climate change, carbon management in tourism mitigating the impacts on this item carbon management in tourism mitigating the impacts on climate change routledge international series in tourism business and management set up a giveaway there s a problem loading this menu right now, carbon management in tourism mitigating the impacts on carbon management in tourism is the first book devoted to carbon emission reductions and to showcase a wide range of practical mitigation measures this book provides a comprehensive overview by combining theory and practice of climate change mitigation in global tourism addressing various levels of scale such as global national and regional tourism systems as well as individual tourism businesses, carbon management in tourism mitigating the impacts on carbon management in tourism mitigating the impacts on climate change g ssling stefan lu 2010 in routledge international series in tourism business and management mark, carbon management in tourism mitigating the impacts on carbon management in tourism mitigating the impacts on climate change s g ssling routledge 2011 345 pp price 29 99 hbk isbn 978 0 415 56632 2 pbk, carbon management in tourism mitigating the impacts on get this from a library carbon management in tourism mitigating the impacts on climate change stefan g ssling climate change is one of the single most important global environmental issues facing the world today and is emerging as a major topic in tourism studies this book is devoted to carbon emission, carbon management in tourism mitigating the impacts on carbon management in tourism mitigating the impacts on climate change routledge international series in tourism business and management ingl s tapa blanda 1 dic 2010 de gossling stefan autor, carbon management in tourism mitigating the impacts on carbon management in tourism mitigating the impacts on climate change routledge international series in tourism business and management english edition 1st edition format kindle, carbon management in tourism mitigating the impacts on request pdf on jan 1 2010 stefan g ssling and others published carbon management in tourism mitigating the impacts on climate change","PeriodicalId":411329,"journal":{"name":"Greenhouse Gas Measurement and Management","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127200751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy efficiency offset projects under the Alberta-based Offset Credit System: a protocol and programme-level policy assessment","authors":"T. Tarnoczi","doi":"10.1080/20430779.2011.647013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20430779.2011.647013","url":null,"abstract":"Under the Canadian Province of Alberta's Climate Change Strategy, offset credits are one of four compliance mechanisms that large greenhouse gas (GHG) emitters can use to meet their mandatory emissions intensity reduction target. Although offset credit purchases account for 55% of all GHG reductions by regulated emitters, only one energy efficiency offset project has been registered and verified in the Alberta-based Offset Credit System. Barriers to energy efficiency offset project development include: lack of historical energy monitoring, onerous project measurement requirements, complications with establishing ownership and limited offset volume creation. It is possible to overcome these barriers while maintaining the integrity of an emission reduction claim. By allowing for overly conservative quantification methods, the precision, frequency and duration of measurement and monitoring could be reduced. Alternative measuring and monitoring techniques include: data extrapolation, utilization of equipment output ratings and conservative calibration of models. While these alternative techniques would increase flexibility with regard to data collection requirements, such protocol changes would not result in increased project development until Alberta Environment's programme accuracy requirements are addressed. Faced with the administrative burden of an increasingly complex offset system, as well as criticism from the provincial Auditor General, Alberta Environment has upheld the offset programme's accuracy requirements and has pursued the implementation of policies that will create further barriers to the development of energy efficiency offset projects.","PeriodicalId":411329,"journal":{"name":"Greenhouse Gas Measurement and Management","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133849339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}