Greenhouse Gas Measurement and Management最新文献_第8页

The global nitrous oxide budget revisited 全球一氧化二氮预算重新审视

Greenhouse Gas Measurement and Management Pub Date : 2011-02-01 DOI: 10.3763/ghgmm.2010.0007

Alfi Syakila, C. Kroeze

引用次数: 519

MRV under the UN climate regime: paper tiger or catalyst for continual improvement? 联合国气候机制下的MRV:纸老虎还是持续改善的催化剂?

Greenhouse Gas Measurement and Management Pub Date : 2011-02-01 DOI: 10.3763/ghgmm.2010.0009

A. Niederberger, M. Kimble

{"title":"MRV under the UN climate regime: paper tiger or catalyst for continual improvement?","authors":"A. Niederberger, M. Kimble","doi":"10.3763/ghgmm.2010.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3763/ghgmm.2010.0009","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most contentious issues at the 2009 UN Climate Summit in Copenhagen, and one which has persisted in the successive rounds of negotiation since then, is, in diplomatic lingo, ‘MRV’ (monitoring, reporting and verification). Expanding the MRV regime to include mitigation actions is an opportunity to support, rather than burden, developing countries in their efforts to improve their climate performance over time, consistent with sustainable development—if done in a sensible way. The article reviews the essence of this debate and suggests one pragmatic approach to ensure that national actions are indeed measurable, reportable and verifiable, namely adopting a certification scheme for national climate management systems (NCMS, which would require countries to establish a climate policy, set national goals and timetables, secure resources to implement related national actions and track their progress over time). Based on the high level of agreement among Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) on the need for comprehensive frameworks to facilitate forestry and energy sector mitigation by developing countries, supported by financial resources, technology and capacity building, an NCMS certification scheme is well suited to add value to the existing MRV regime both for developed and developing countries.","PeriodicalId":411329,"journal":{"name":"Greenhouse Gas Measurement and Management","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123070529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 23

Stochastic income statement planning as a basis for risk assessment in the context of emissions trading 随机损益表规划作为排放交易环境下风险评估的基础

Greenhouse Gas Measurement and Management Pub Date : 2011-02-01 DOI: 10.3763/ghgmm.2010.0006

H. Dannenberg, W. Ehrenfeld

引用次数: 2

NAMA crediting: how to assess offsets from and additionality of policy-based mitigation actions in developing countries NAMA信贷:如何评估发展中国家基于政策的缓解行动的抵消和额外性

Greenhouse Gas Measurement and Management Pub Date : 2011-02-01 DOI: 10.3763/ghgmm.2010.0002

Yuri Okubo, D. Hayashi, A. Michaelowa

{"title":"NAMA crediting: how to assess offsets from and additionality of policy-based mitigation actions in developing countries","authors":"Yuri Okubo, D. Hayashi, A. Michaelowa","doi":"10.3763/ghgmm.2010.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3763/ghgmm.2010.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Climate policies in developing countries—called nationally appropriate mitigation actions (NAMAs) in negotiation jargon—are likely to generate greenhouse gas emissions credits after 2013. To guarantee credibility of the international climate policy regime, robust measurement, reporting and verification procedures are required. Compared to concrete emission reduction projects, assessment of the additionality of NAMAs is difficult. As only a subset of policy options leads to directly quantifiable emission reductions, the challenge is to define procedures that are conservative and still provide incentives to embark on policies with long-term and indirect effects. This requires a combination of an approach using default parameters and monitoring of key factors. Experience from methodologies used under the Clean Development Mechanism should be taken into account. Analysis of a renewable energy feed-in tariff in Korea and a nationwide demand-side management programme in Thailand shows that for the former, additionality and emission impacts of policies can be assessed, but require centralized, transparent data collection systems, an effective sector organization. The latter is probably not suitable for NAMA crediting under a stringent approach. To provide incentives for a greater number of developing countries, more standardized approaches would be required to allow covering policies that are more difficult to quantify.","PeriodicalId":411329,"journal":{"name":"Greenhouse Gas Measurement and Management","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127264160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 27

An output-based intensity approach for crediting greenhouse gas mitigation in agriculture: explanation and policy implications 以产出为基础的强度方法计入农业温室气体减排:解释和政策影响

Greenhouse Gas Measurement and Management Pub Date : 2011-02-01 DOI: 10.3763/ghgmm.2010.0004

B. Murray, J. Baker

{"title":"An output-based intensity approach for crediting greenhouse gas mitigation in agriculture: explanation and policy implications","authors":"B. Murray, J. Baker","doi":"10.3763/ghgmm.2010.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3763/ghgmm.2010.0004","url":null,"abstract":"US legislators have recently proposed output-based emissions intensity metrics as an approach to credit greenhouse gas (GHG) offsets from agriculture and other uncapped sectors. This article explains the features and rationale of the output-based offset (OBO) approach, outlines a candidate accounting methodology, discusses the potential advantages and limitations of such an approach relative to the area-based offset (ABO) approach that is standard practice in some settings, and introduces possible policy implications. By incentivizing improvements in agricultural efficiency, the OBO approach strives to achieve the dual goals of food security and climate change mitigation. It expands the toolkit for achieving reductions in agricultural emissions, rewards technological advancement in both emission reductions and yields, and offers promise for addressing the problem of accounting for leakage. But because it is based on improvements in GHG efficiency in agriculture rather than on absolute reductions, emissions and climate risks could continue to rise while credits are being issued. An OBO approach might work best as a transitional strategy to address emissions from sectors or countries likely to remain outside a strict regulatory cap. Because it is the total atmospheric concentration of GHGs that creates the environmental threat of climate change, policies should ultimately focus not on the intensity of emissions but rather on their absolute levels.","PeriodicalId":411329,"journal":{"name":"Greenhouse Gas Measurement and Management","volume":"235 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133396772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Filling a gap in climate change education and scholarship 填补气候变化教育和奖学金的空白

Greenhouse Gas Measurement and Management Pub Date : 2011-02-01 DOI: 10.3763/ghgmm.2010.0012

M. Gillenwater

{"title":"Filling a gap in climate change education and scholarship","authors":"M. Gillenwater","doi":"10.3763/ghgmm.2010.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3763/ghgmm.2010.0012","url":null,"abstract":"With few exceptions, universities and other educational institutions have yet to undertake the necessary innovations and transformations that will be needed to prepare a future workforce on the scale necessary to address the challenge of greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation in a way that instils public and policy-maker confidence. Irrespective of the form or timing of climate change policies, the foundation of policy design and implementation measures to address the root cause of climate change is reliable metrics on GHG emissions (and removals). There is currently minimal infrastructure in place to develop or support this workforce. I define GHG measurement and management, which also serves as the title of this journal, as the application of science, engineering and economic principles to improve the way in which society mitigates the anthropogenic causes of global climate change by developing and providing reliable performance metrics related to GHG emissions and removals, and managing activities intended to reduce emissions to, and/or increase removals from, the atmosphere. This journal's unique purpose, as part of the growing literature focused on climate change, is to help us expand this literature to include critical and unexplored questions of implementation.","PeriodicalId":411329,"journal":{"name":"Greenhouse Gas Measurement and Management","volume":"138 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126596459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6