{"title":"Una crítica de la economía política del Banco Central Europeo","authors":"Mario Del Rosal","doi":"10.5209/PADE.64469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5209/PADE.64469","url":null,"abstract":"Este trabajo pretende esbozar una introducción a la crítica de la economía política del Banco Central Europeo. Para ello, desarrollaremos un análisis en varias fases. Primero, revisaremos el origen, la naturaleza y las funciones tradicionales del Banco Central como institución nuclear del modo de producción capitalista. En segundo lugar, repasaremos los antecedentes, la génesis y la evolución del BCE, con el objetivo de compararlo con la figura tradicional del Banco Central descrita en el punto anterior. En tercer lugar, describiremos el marco teórico fundamental que caracteriza a esta institución, centrándonos para ello en tres de sus elementos esenciales: el control de la inflación como objetivo único, la independencia política y la prohibición expresa de financiar a los Estados o de responsabilizarse de su deuda. En cuarto lugar, compararemos las políticas monetarias ordinarias del BCE antes y después del estallido de la actual crisis, con el fin de comprobar el cambio cualitativo hacia estrategias mucho más expansivas de lo permitido por los tratados originales. Por último esbozaremos algunas conclusiones a tenor de los resultados alcanzados.","PeriodicalId":41107,"journal":{"name":"Papeles de Europa","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5209/PADE.64469","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49021149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Social Care and Gender: Who Cares for Dependent Adults in Spain?","authors":"V. De Vera, D. Ondé, Martín Martín-González","doi":"10.5209/PADE.64474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5209/PADE.64474","url":null,"abstract":"Care work encompasses a series of tasks of distinct social and economic importance; however, it has not been a traditional object of study in Economics. The main objective of this article is to analyze the factors that intervene in informal care work in Spain. To approach this, an econometric analysis will be conducted using the National Health Survey (ENS as its Spanish acronym) carried out by the Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE) of Spain. The results show that, in Spain, dependent adults do not receive the institutional support they need to perform basic daily activities. In fact, practically all of the care they receive is informal. This article will demonstrate that, within the household, women are responsible for informal care work whenever a family member is in need of such services. Our research shows that this is a consistent pattern regardless of the carer’s personal characteristics and level of education as well as the characteristics of the dependent adult living in the household. These findings reveal the necessity of reorienting public policies in order to help reduce gender inequalities caused by this socio-economic reality.","PeriodicalId":41107,"journal":{"name":"Papeles de Europa","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5209/PADE.64474","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49055355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Éxitos y fracasos del ordoliberalismo: la flexiseguridad alemana como modelo de desarrollo europeo","authors":"Marta Cazorla Rodríguez","doi":"10.5209/PADE.64471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5209/PADE.64471","url":null,"abstract":"El presente trabajo es un análisis del modelo de flexiseguridad, enmarcada en la tradición ordoliberal alemana y su modelo de cogestión. Su objetivo es dilucidar los factores de éxito y de fracaso de las reformas estructurales que se llevaron a cabo en Alemania a principios de nuestro siglo a partir del análisis de su impacto en una serie de variables laborales, sociales y macroeconómicas. Los datos muestran que la generalización del empleo precario ha provocado una dependencia de la demanda externa por parte de la economía alemana, lo cual a su vez ha impulsado un régimen de acumulación guiado por las exportaciones, que explota y agrava las divergencias dentro de la UEM.","PeriodicalId":41107,"journal":{"name":"Papeles de Europa","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5209/PADE.64471","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49079731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Notes on Race and Gender in the USA: Poverty and Intersectionality","authors":"P. Castanyer","doi":"10.5209/PADE.64468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5209/PADE.64468","url":null,"abstract":"This is the first of a series of multidisciplinary notes with one goal in common: to draw a much needed “bigger picture” on some basic human rights in the USA. To achieve this, we will present data from different studies as well as from the USA census. \u0000In this first note, we will examine overall poverty, unemployment, and wealth distribution in the USA while analyzing the unremitting socio-economic differences amongst the American population due to race and gender. Unfortunately, it is impossible for us to explain in depth all the reasons behind both racism and sexism due to the fact that these are rather ingrained complex issues with a long stance in America, despite multiple efforts to the contrary. We will, however, explore here the eugenics movement, which was quite influential during a good part of the 20th century, informing policies that would affect both women and people of color for decades. Unfortunately, the basic core beliefs of this movement are still present in the American ethos today and, under this new administration, basic human rights are constantly under attack, aggravating the already existing levels of poverty and equality amongst women and people of color. \u0000Subsequent notes will focus on women’s rights.","PeriodicalId":41107,"journal":{"name":"Papeles de Europa","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5209/PADE.64468","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48902681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efectos de la política monetaria del Banco Central Europeo sobre la desigualdad","authors":"Lorena Chacón Piñero","doi":"10.5209/PADE.64473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5209/PADE.64473","url":null,"abstract":"La política monetaria puede alterar de forma heterogénea el bienestar individual y la desigualdad, incluso aunque consiga alcanzar sus principales objetivos, como la estabilidad de precios. Debido a que la desigualdad es un problema que está aumentando a nivel internacional, en este artículo se estudia cómo y a través de qué canales la política monetaria puede influir sobre ésta. De este modo, los efectos se pueden producir a través de las variaciones en los tipos de interés y del crecimiento del ingreso, entre otras variables que son comprendidas en el mecanismo de transmisión de la política monetaria.","PeriodicalId":41107,"journal":{"name":"Papeles de Europa","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5209/PADE.64473","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44313392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Aproximación al modelo de desarrollo nasserista. Posibilidades y límites de la experiencia de modernización económica","authors":"Salua Youssef Méndez","doi":"10.5209/PADE.64470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5209/PADE.64470","url":null,"abstract":"La experiencia nasserista durante el período 1952-1970 permitió formas alternativas de desarrollo económico a las que existían hasta ese momento en la región, constituyendo, además, la génesis del panarabismo entendido como la expresión de un deseo de desarrollo independiente y nacional que rompiera con la dominación occidental e imperialista a la que estaban sujetos la mayoría de los países árabes durante estos años. \u0000A lo largo de esta investigación abordamos el análisis de la experiencia nasserista en términos de posibilidades y límites, así como sus especificidades a nivel económico. A partir del marco teórico del paradigma de la modernización y mediante el examen de las principales estrategias implementadas, defendemos la existencia de una forma egipcia de intentar superar el subdesarrollo. Lejos de ser un modelo de desarrollo perfecto, su impacto en la economía fue positivo pero limitado: permitió un proceso de modernización económica, pero no logró un cambio estructural de la economía.","PeriodicalId":41107,"journal":{"name":"Papeles de Europa","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5209/PADE.64470","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49394197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Internacionalización de la economía española e incorporación a la Comunidad Económica Euroipea: política económica y distribución de la renta (1959-1997)","authors":"Carlos Raya Rodríguez","doi":"10.5209/PADE.63634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5209/PADE.63634","url":null,"abstract":"Este trabajo estudia la vía de internacionalización de la economía española desde los años sesenta hasta finales del siglo XX, incidiendo especialmente en su entrada en la Comunidad Económica Europea, con el fin de analizar si dicha senda de internacionalización impuso la toma de una serie de políticas económicas, primero unas políticas de rentas y después la pérdida de soberanía económica, que funcionaron en detrimento de los ingresos de la clase trabajadora. Para ello se hará uso del método de análisis marxista dado que aporta las mejores herramientas para atender a una perspectiva de clase.","PeriodicalId":41107,"journal":{"name":"Papeles de Europa","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5209/PADE.63634","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48691898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Impact of Unconventional Monetary Policy on Gendered Wealth Inequality","authors":"B. Young","doi":"10.5209/pade.63637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5209/pade.63637","url":null,"abstract":"Unconventional monetary policy was implemented as a result of the financial crisis and resulted in rising asset prices in the stock markets. While the increase in asset prices is not exclusively triggered by unconventional monetary policy, central bankers accept that unconventional monetary policy has resulted in distributional effects on wealth, and that these are not negligible. What is missing are studies analyzing whether these non-standard monetary policies have different distributional effects on women and men. The intent of the paper is to interrogate whether unconventional monetary policy of central banks has a gender bias that operates in favor of men as gender and against women as gender. Relying on insights from feminist economics, the paper uses the results of the ECB Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS) of 62,000 household across 15 euro-area countries. While the results are tentative, they show an asymmetric distributional gendered impact. Since the rich own more assets than the poor, and since monetary easing works in part by raising asset prices, these unconventional policies may unintentionally benefit the wealthier quintile (on average more male) at the expense of the poorer strata of society (on average more female).","PeriodicalId":41107,"journal":{"name":"Papeles de Europa","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5209/pade.63637","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47979917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"El estado desarrollista en el capitalismo chino: formación de vínculos entre agentes","authors":"Anabel Vigil Villodres","doi":"10.5209/PADE.63633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5209/PADE.63633","url":null,"abstract":"El proceso de reformas de la economía china ha permitido conformar un modo de capitalismo donde coexisten procesos “desde arriba” impulsados por el Estado Desarrollista y “desde abajo” basados en la acumulación de capital privado local. En este artículo se analiza el papel del Estado Desarrollista chino como facilitador de vínculos de coordinación entre agentes, tanto público-privados —mediante agencias de desarrollo, empresas estatales y universidades e institutos de investigación—, como inter-empresariales, localizados en clústeres de producción; como forma de profundizar en la articulación interna de la economía y mejorar la posición de sus empresas domésticas en la red de valor global como parte de una estrategia que busca fomentar la competitividad a nivel sistémico.","PeriodicalId":41107,"journal":{"name":"Papeles de Europa","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48857705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"¿Reprimarización en América Latina?: Efectos de la demanda china sobre el patrón exportador latinoamericano y las estructuras económicas internas (1995-2016)","authors":"Néstor Santana Suárez","doi":"10.5209/PADE.63636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5209/PADE.63636","url":null,"abstract":"El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar si la demanda china, dadas sus características propias, estaría incentivando una dinámica reprimarizadora de América Latina en el período 1995-2016. Para ello analizamos el patrón exportador de Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Cuba, Perú, Uruguay y Venezuela centrándonos en los productos primarios y las manufacturas basadas en recursos naturales. Distinguimos el comercio con destino a China y el del resto del mundo; para luego estudiar las consecuencias del cambio en el patrón exportador sobre las estructuras económica nacionales. Las principales conclusiones del trabajo serían que, si bien para la mayoría de los países estudiados, se aprecia un proceso de reprimarización de sus exportaciones; solo Brasil y Perú presentan indicios de una reciente dinámica reprimarizadora de su estructura interna, de aún muy corto recorrido.","PeriodicalId":41107,"journal":{"name":"Papeles de Europa","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5209/PADE.63636","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43383379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}