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The Impact of Aid on Total Government Expenditures: New Evidence on Fungibility 援助对政府总支出的影响:关于可替代性的新证据
ERN: Other Microeconomics: Welfare Economics & Collective Decision-Making (Topic) Pub Date : 2015-04-17 DOI: 10.1111/rode.12286
Łukasz Marć
{"title":"The Impact of Aid on Total Government Expenditures: New Evidence on Fungibility","authors":"Łukasz Marć","doi":"10.1111/rode.12286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rode.12286","url":null,"abstract":"Foreign aid’s effectiveness remains one of the most debated topics in development economics. This thesis investigates an important channel of the impact of aid on the recipient country’s economy: the government’s fiscal response to aid. Firstly, the impact of total aid, of onand off-budget aid, and of bilateral and multilateral aid on government expenditures and revenues is estimated. Secondly, this thesis explores instrumental variable methods that have been used to account for potential endogeneity of aid in these regressions. Thirdly, the causal links between government expenditures and on-budget aid are analyzed. Aid is found to partially increase government expenditures, which indicates that governments adjust domestic revenues or net borrowing in response to aid. This suggest that aid’s impact on development indicators is a sum of increased spending, increased private consumption and savings, and potential improvements in the structure and quality of government expenditures due to donor involvement.","PeriodicalId":410371,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Microeconomics: Welfare Economics & Collective Decision-Making (Topic)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125643514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
How Fast are Semiconductor Prices Falling? 半导体价格下跌有多快?
ERN: Other Microeconomics: Welfare Economics & Collective Decision-Making (Topic) Pub Date : 2015-04-01 DOI: 10.1111/roiw.12308
David M. Byrne, Stephen D. Oliner, Daniel E. Sichel
{"title":"How Fast are Semiconductor Prices Falling?","authors":"David M. Byrne, Stephen D. Oliner, Daniel E. Sichel","doi":"10.1111/roiw.12308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/roiw.12308","url":null,"abstract":"The Producer Price Index (PPI) for the United States suggests that semiconductor prices have barely been falling in recent years, a dramatic contrast to the rapid declines reported from the mid-1980s to the early 2000s. This slowdown in the rate of decline is puzzling in light of evidence that the performance of microprocessor units (MPUs) has continued to improve at a rapid pace. Over the course of the 2000s, the MPU prices posted by Intel, the dominant producer of MPUs, became much stickier over the chips' life cycle. As a result of this change, we argue that the matched-model methodology used in the PPI for MPUs likely started to be biased after the early 2000s and that hedonic indexes can provide a more accurate measure of price change since then. MPU prices fell rapidly through 2004 on every price measure we present, with the PPI declining at an even quicker pace than the hedonic indexes. However, from 2004 to 2009, our preferred hedonic index fell faster than the PPI, and from 2009 to 2013 the gap widened further, with our preferred index falling at an average annual rate of 42 percent, while the PPI declined at only a 6 percent rate. Given that MPUs currently represent about half of U.S. shipments of semiconductors, this difference has important implications for gauging the rate of innovation in the semiconductor sector.","PeriodicalId":410371,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Microeconomics: Welfare Economics & Collective Decision-Making (Topic)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130943446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 70
Tax Competition and Economic Integration 税收竞争与经济一体化
ERN: Other Microeconomics: Welfare Economics & Collective Decision-Making (Topic) Pub Date : 2015-02-01 DOI: 10.1111/rode.12124
K. Hafner
{"title":"Tax Competition and Economic Integration","authors":"K. Hafner","doi":"10.1111/rode.12124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rode.12124","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the role of tax competition and economic integration in a core–periphery setting, where agglomeration forces are present. I present a New Economic Geography model, which accounts for firm entry/exit and international mobility of skilled labor employed in the public R&D sectors. In contrast to other literature on tax competition, I focus on its impact on labor migration and net earnings of skilled and unskilled labor. Economic integration is modeled as trade liberalization, an easing of factor mobility restrictions and technology diffusion. I find that tax competition favors skilled labor when trade costs are reduced. In contrast, unskilled labor benefits when factor mobility restrictions are eased and technology diffusion is enhanced.","PeriodicalId":410371,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Microeconomics: Welfare Economics & Collective Decision-Making (Topic)","volume":"99 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126054366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Christmas Economics - A Sleigh Ride 圣诞经济学——雪橇之旅
ERN: Other Microeconomics: Welfare Economics & Collective Decision-Making (Topic) Pub Date : 2014-11-17 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2526055
Laura Birg, Anna Goeddeke
{"title":"Christmas Economics - A Sleigh Ride","authors":"Laura Birg, Anna Goeddeke","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2526055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2526055","url":null,"abstract":"Do you believe that at Christmas time the gas prices, the economy and the number of suicides peak? Do you think that the value of presents you are giving to your beloved is of importance? We show in this paper that conventional wisdom about Christmas is often doubtful. Furthermore, we give an idea of how Santa Claus - and maybe you - is able to finance Christmas celebrations, why emergency departments are a place to especially avoid during this time of the year and why Christmas tree growers might care to explain the differences across species to you this year. We cannot clearly establish whether Christmas entails a welfare loss or gain, however, we give you an idea as to which institutional settings might reduce a potential welfare loss. Also, we give advice about which behaviours might get you more Christmas presents from Santa this year. Finally, we find that more research is needed to give conclusive reasons why Santa Claus actually brings presents to (nearly) everyone.","PeriodicalId":410371,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Microeconomics: Welfare Economics & Collective Decision-Making (Topic)","volume":"51 12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123041018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Export Competition between Landlocked and Coastal Countries: An Analysis of Strategic Export Policies 内陆国家与沿海国家的出口竞争:战略出口政策分析
ERN: Other Microeconomics: Welfare Economics & Collective Decision-Making (Topic) Pub Date : 2014-11-01 DOI: 10.1111/rode.12120
Bakar Normizan, Ishii Yasunori
{"title":"Export Competition between Landlocked and Coastal Countries: An Analysis of Strategic Export Policies","authors":"Bakar Normizan, Ishii Yasunori","doi":"10.1111/rode.12120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rode.12120","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes economic rivalry between two firms using an international Cournot duopoly model, where a firm from a landlocked country (LC) and a firm from a coastal country (CC) compete in a third-country market. It is assumed that the landlocked country firm adopts a transport-cost reducing R&D subsidized by its government, while the CC government imposes a toll fee on the LC firm. The findings show since a change in the LC's transport-cost reducing R&D subsidy has a positive effect on its export and a negative effect on the CC's export, both measures have effective strategic export policies.","PeriodicalId":410371,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Microeconomics: Welfare Economics & Collective Decision-Making (Topic)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131402954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Foreign Direct Investment and the External Wealth of Nations: How Important is Valuation? 外国直接投资与国家外部财富:估值有多重要?
ERN: Other Microeconomics: Welfare Economics & Collective Decision-Making (Topic) Pub Date : 2014-06-01 DOI: 10.1111/roiw.12098
Jannick Damgaard, Thomas Elkjaer
{"title":"Foreign Direct Investment and the External Wealth of Nations: How Important is Valuation?","authors":"Jannick Damgaard, Thomas Elkjaer","doi":"10.1111/roiw.12098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/roiw.12098","url":null,"abstract":"type=\"main\"> While the balance sheet approach has increased the focus on position data, differences in valuation practices for foreign direct investment (FDI) make cross-country comparisons difficult. To enhance comparability, the IMF's Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual, sixth edition, which some countries have already implemented and others will implement in the coming years, recommends seven methods for valuation of unlisted FDI. This paper demonstrates that both the valuation method and simple differences in estimation techniques can fundamentally change a country's financial balance sheet. Using Denmark as an illustration, unlisted FDI equity liabilities vary from 22 to 156 percent of GDP when applying different estimation techniques, but just one valuation method, price to earnings. These measurement uncertainties can lead to important misunderstandings and affect policy recommendations, thus pointing to the need for further international harmonization. While the results are presented in an FDI context, the uncertainties also apply to other macroeconomic datasets, including national accounts statistics.","PeriodicalId":410371,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Microeconomics: Welfare Economics & Collective Decision-Making (Topic)","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121346021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
Can We Manage First Impressions in Cooperation Problems? An Experimental 在合作问题中，我们能管理好第一印象吗?一个实验
ERN: Other Microeconomics: Welfare Economics & Collective Decision-Making (Topic) Pub Date : 2014-05-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1788915
C. Engel, Sebastian Kube, Michael Kurschilgen
{"title":"Can We Manage First Impressions in Cooperation Problems? An Experimental","authors":"C. Engel, Sebastian Kube, Michael Kurschilgen","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1788915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1788915","url":null,"abstract":"We study how cooperative behavior reacts to selective (favorable or unfavorable) pre-play information about the cooperativeness of other, unrelated groups within an experimental framework that is sufficiently rich for conflicting behavioral norms to emerge. We find that cooperation crucially depends on pre-play information, coinciding with a change in initial beliefs. Over time, behavior within both types of groups becomes increasingly homogeneous, indicating the formation of two rather different social norms, depending on whether pre-play information was favorable or unfavorable. In addition, we find unfavorable information to substantially reduce the effectiveness of peer punishment. For these differences to emerge it is immaterial whether each member or only one member of a four-person group receives the pre-play information.","PeriodicalId":410371,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Microeconomics: Welfare Economics & Collective Decision-Making (Topic)","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131951449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 21
Gender‐Specific Human Capital, Openness and Growth: Exploring the Linkages for South Asia 性别特定的人力资本、开放与增长:探讨南亚的联系
ERN: Other Microeconomics: Welfare Economics & Collective Decision-Making (Topic) Pub Date : 2014-02-01 DOI: 10.1111/rode.12072
A. Cooray, S. Mallick, Nabamita Dutta
{"title":"Gender‐Specific Human Capital, Openness and Growth: Exploring the Linkages for South Asia","authors":"A. Cooray, S. Mallick, Nabamita Dutta","doi":"10.1111/rode.12072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rode.12072","url":null,"abstract":"Using data covering 1970–2008 for South Asia, this study investigates the influence of human capital disaggregated by gender, on economic growth. We use an extended version of the Solow growth model with per capita gross domestic product (GDP) a function of the key variables, viz. physical capital accumulation, human capital accumulation, trade openness and capital flows, fiscal policy and financial development. The key contribution of this study is to show that openness when interacted with the human capital stock disaggregated by gender, has differential impacts on economic growth. While the positive impact of male secondary schooling captures the direct skill effect relative to primary schooling, the marginal influence of female primary/secondary schooling fails to show a positive impact on growth at higher levels of openness. An implication stemming from this study is that educational opportunities for females at the secondary level should be increased for South Asia.","PeriodicalId":410371,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Microeconomics: Welfare Economics & Collective Decision-Making (Topic)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128525399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 33
Efficiency and Representation of a General Equilibrium with Time-Dependent Preferences 具有时间依赖偏好的一般均衡的效率和表示
ERN: Other Microeconomics: Welfare Economics & Collective Decision-Making (Topic) Pub Date : 2013-11-26 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2207733
P. Dziewulski
{"title":"Efficiency and Representation of a General Equilibrium with Time-Dependent Preferences","authors":"P. Dziewulski","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2207733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2207733","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on the welfare properties of equilibria in exchange economies with time-dependent preferences. We introduce a notion of recursive efficiency and show that any quilibrium allocation is efficient in the sense defined. Therefore, we present a version of the First Fundamental Welfare Theorem for this class of economies. Moreover, we present a social welfare function with maximisers that coincide with recursively efficient allocations, and prove that every equilibrium can be represented by a solution to a social welfare optimisation problem.","PeriodicalId":410371,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Microeconomics: Welfare Economics & Collective Decision-Making (Topic)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125056656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Enterprise Beyond the Firm 超越公司的企业
ERN: Other Microeconomics: Welfare Economics & Collective Decision-Making (Topic) Pub Date : 2013-10-21 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2343204
Bernard Paranque
{"title":"Enterprise Beyond the Firm","authors":"Bernard Paranque","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2343204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2343204","url":null,"abstract":"Capitalist private property opposes \"personal\" private property insofar as it separates the worker from actual production means by seeking, through accumulation, to improve value for value and not the relation with nature. It is necessary to think of enterprise outside of the company context when reflecting upon the end purpose and means of collective, citizen action. Indeed, from the methodological standpoint, to view an enterprise as an organisation without differentiating it from the company, when studying entrepreneurial collective action, leads to a deadlock. Indeed, the absence of a legal definition of enterprise reduces the understanding and the evaluation of its performance to that of a company which is the object of a legal definition. The implicit shift thus created facilitates the assimilation of one with the other in a funnel effect that reduces collective projects to the sole projects of capital providers.","PeriodicalId":410371,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Microeconomics: Welfare Economics & Collective Decision-Making (Topic)","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127020665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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