{"title":"Judith Wheater's Queer Vision: Edith Wharton's Alternative Title for The Children","authors":"Jennifer Haytock","doi":"10.5325/editwharrevi.36.1.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/editwharrevi.36.1.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This essay explores the implications of Edith Wharton's previously unknown alternative title for The Children. The holograph manuscript reveals that she considered titling this novel The Family. In light of this information and using investigations in queer studies that challenge normative assumptions about relationships, caretaking, and human psychological growth, this essay argues that the novel interrogates its society's reliance on and reproduction of inherited structures of family, gender, and age categories. Through Judith Wheater, The Children offers a queer vision, in which children form their own familial unit that retains the pleasures of childhood, claims the benefits of adulthood, and rejects the impermanence and perils of heteronormative coupling. Despite the failure of this vision, Wharton renders queerness in its interrogatory and resisting form, exposing the almost invisible ways in which society orders itself through constructions of age, gender, and relationships and positing the possibility of alternative structures.","PeriodicalId":40904,"journal":{"name":"Edith Wharton Review","volume":"171 1","pages":"1 - 24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85421467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"\"One Long Vision of Beauty\": Edith Wharton and Italian Visual Culture","authors":"Emily J. Orlando","doi":"10.5325/editwharrevi.36.1.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/editwharrevi.36.1.0025","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:By the start of the twentieth century, Edith Wharton had earned a place for herself in the fields of architecture and interior décor with the release of the design treatise The Decoration of Houses (1897) and, shortly thereafter, two books on Italy: Italian Villas and Their Gardens (1904) and Italian Backgrounds (1905). Reflecting, in A Backward Glance, on \"the unexpected popularity\" of her first book, Wharton humbly notes, \"I was only beginning to be known as a novelist, but on Italian seventeenth and eighteenth century architecture, about which so little had been written, I was thought to be fairly competent.\" \"Fairly competent\" would prove quite the understatement. Contemplating what moved her to write about architecture and design, Wharton offers, \"I knew that, at least in English, there was no serious work on Italian villa and garden architecture, and I meant, as far as I was able, to fill the want.\" This essay argues that Wharton's command of and great reverence for Italy—a site that inspires \"rapt contemplation,\" begets communion with \"a mighty current,\" and amounts to \"one long vision of beauty\"—not only made possible her two studies of Italy but also substantially informs the aesthetic of her early career, as is most evident in The Decoration of Houses. Italy, whose \"very air is full of architecture,\" is for Wharton \"the very beginning of things.\"","PeriodicalId":40904,"journal":{"name":"Edith Wharton Review","volume":"4 1","pages":"25 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90566364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Sins of the Fathers: Mental Illness, Heredity, and Short Fiction by Wharton and Hemingway","authors":"Lisa Tyler","doi":"10.5325/editwharrevi.36.1.0048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/editwharrevi.36.1.0048","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In Edith Wharton's 1903 novella Sanctuary and Ernest Hemingway's posthumously published short story \"I Guess Everything Reminds You of Something,\" both authors write about a parent worried about a child's tendency to plagiarize. In each case, the inherited propensity for immoral behavior stands in for the inherited bipolar disorder that affected both Wharton's husband, Teddy, and Hemingway himself. The authors implicitly evoke degeneration theory, an ugly offshoot of the pseudoscience of eugenics popular in early twentieth-century America, to explore the dangers of paternal inheritance. The negative eugenics widely accepted in America during the first half of the twentieth century would dictate that people with genetic mental illness should not be allowed to reproduce at all. Not surprisingly, the mother in Wharton's novella and the father in Hemingway's short story are each plagued by guilt over a son's immorality. In these critically neglected works of short fiction, a concerned parent broods over whether a child's hereditary propensities can be overcome by a loving upbringing and supportive environment. Both Wharton and Hemingway wrestled with bipolar disorder and its devastating symptoms in their own families and wrote stories in which they expressed personal and cultural anxieties about the illness's devastating impact.","PeriodicalId":40904,"journal":{"name":"Edith Wharton Review","volume":"12 1","pages":"48 - 71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83467769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"What the Stones Might Not Tell: Questioning the Attribution of Edith Wharton's Print Debut","authors":"F.D.A. Wegener","doi":"10.5325/editwharrevi.35.2.0119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/editwharrevi.35.2.0119","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article reconsiders the attribution to sixteen-year-old Edith Wharton of a translation of \"Was [sich] die Steine Erzählen\" (What the Stones Tell), by Heinrich Karl Brugsch. Over the past twenty-five years or so, scholars have unanimously concurred in this attribution, on the basis of testimony in one of the letters sent by Wharton's girlhood friend, Emelyn Washburn, to Elisina Tyler shortly after the novelist's death. According to that letter, Emelyn suggested that her friend try her hand at translating, and she and her father, rector of the church that Wharton's family attended in the 1870s, facilitated both Wharton's translation and its publication. The article points out various misreadings of the evidence in Emelyn's letter and corrects the repeated misidentification both of Brugsch and of his text in critical and biographical scholarship on Wharton. The translation itself—said to be Wharton's debut in print—is located for the first time in this article, and the obscure journal in which it was published is identified and described. The translation, as well as Brugsch's career, is culturally and historically contextualized, and the background of its publication is explored in ways that place in question Emelyn's recollections of her friend's involvement in the endeavor.","PeriodicalId":40904,"journal":{"name":"Edith Wharton Review","volume":"9 1","pages":"119 - 135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91044205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Remembering George Edward Ramsden: 12 June 1953–7 April 2019","authors":"Nynke Dorhout, Susan Wissler","doi":"10.5325/editwharrevi.35.2.0093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/editwharrevi.35.2.0093","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40904,"journal":{"name":"Edith Wharton Review","volume":"66 1","pages":"93 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80612611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"\"Hold me, Gerty, hold me\": Lily Bart's Queer Desire","authors":"H. Champion","doi":"10.5325/editwharrevi.35.2.0096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/editwharrevi.35.2.0096","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In her provocatively titled article from 2007, Katherine Joslin asks \"Is Lily Gay?\" Such a line of questioning is part of the queer turn in Wharton scholarship, which aims to complicate traditional criticism often based on heterosexual or binary assumptions. This study uses Joslin's bold and exciting question as a starting point in an effort to extend the argument further. It proposes a queer reading of The House of Mirth that takes into consideration Edith Wharton's own contradictory attitudes toward queer sexuality, situating the text within historical notions of queerness from the turn of the century. Lily Bart is then \"queered\" through the use of Georg Simmel's theories of flirtation, Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick's literary love triangles, and close readings of the novel's \"queer episodes\" that tease out the meanings behind Wharton's sensual language. The study predominantly questions Lily's failure to cooperate with fixed notions of futurity—in this case signified by marriage—proposing that this refusal serves to destabilize linear heteronormative growth and positions her in a state of queered flux. Such a reading therefore attempts to reconsider traditional heteronormative understandings of The House of Mirth.","PeriodicalId":40904,"journal":{"name":"Edith Wharton Review","volume":"15 1","pages":"118 - 96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87414153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Frenchwoman Dépaysée: Edith Wharton and Gabrielle Landormy","authors":"D. Campbell","doi":"10.5325/editwharrevi.35.2.0136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/editwharrevi.35.2.0136","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In a series of late unpublished letters that Wharton wrote to Elizabeth Gaskell (Lily) Norton between 1924 and 1937, an Edith Wharton character gone astray appears in the form of Gabrielle Landormy, a young Frenchwoman whose transnational wanderings between France and the United States made her, in a term that Millicent Bell applied to Wharton herself, dépaysée, or \"out of [her] element, adrift and astray.\" Gabrielle Landormy worked for Wharton during World War I but throughout the 1920s and 1930s drifts between France and the United States as an object of irritation and concern. This article, based on hitherto-undiscussed sources, traces Landormy's movements and Wharton's reactions to them as revealed in the letters and other documents, to demonstrate that Landormy's case calls into question the ways nationality, the transnational body, and troublesome questions of sexuality and autonomy can be addressed, especially by those who, like Wharton, would prefer to have women conform to a national ideal.","PeriodicalId":40904,"journal":{"name":"Edith Wharton Review","volume":"49 1","pages":"136 - 148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77852165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spiritual Practitioners, Storytelling Markets, and the Economics of Consolation in Wharton's Postwar Fiction","authors":"Margaret A. Toth","doi":"10.5325/EDITWHARREVI.34.1.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/EDITWHARREVI.34.1.0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In this article, I look at how a particular type of fictional character that I refer to as a spiritual practitioner—a woman who presents herself as medium, clairvoyant, or spiritual guide and earns a living through that role—makes its way into Edith Wharton's postwar writing. In the first section of the article, I examine two works that suggest that issues of faith and power, both gendered and economic, are central to Wharton's postwar fiction: A Son at the Front and \"The Looking Glass.\" Here I interrogate what I call the economics of consolation in these narratives, analyzing the arrangements—both emotional and financial—that spring up between Wharton's spiritual practitioners and the clients who seek comfort from them. In the second section, I show that Wharton is attuned to the dangers of occult economics, a claim I build through a reading of Hudson River Bracketed. Wharton uses the spiritual practitioner Grandma Scrimser to offer a meta-commentary on the spiritually bankrupt postwar publishing industry. Wharton parallels Grandma's career as an artist of sorts with that of Vance Weston, the more obvious author in the novel. As such, she invites us to read spiritual work as an allegory for modern authorship and readership.","PeriodicalId":40904,"journal":{"name":"Edith Wharton Review","volume":"13 1","pages":"13 - 32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88861873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Every Contact Leaves a Trace: Wharton's Critique of the Forensic Imagination in The House of Mirth","authors":"M. Marchand","doi":"10.5325/EDITWHARREVI.34.2.0167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/EDITWHARREVI.34.2.0167","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article examines how the forensic \"scene\" was invented by a new science, which revealed that objects contain records of past activities and developed an array of technologies and protocols for harvesting these records. It also explores how Edith Wharton's 1905 novel The House of Mirth took up this forensic imagination, which is, above all else, attuned to the communicative capacity of objects. This capacity is enacted in the final chapter of the novel, where Selden's attitude toward Lily's body and his systematic survey and interrogation of the objects in her room suggest that the literary influence of forensic science was felt far beyond the genre of detective fiction. Wharton represents objects as providing more voluble, candid, and persuasive testimony than humans, even as she underscores the disturbing lessons about the elusiveness of evidence and forensic detachment that emerged from the most famous trial in the history of France. In revisiting this history, we see into the origins of our own object-oriented juridical culture, which has replaced people with physical evidence as the most reliable witnesses to an event.","PeriodicalId":40904,"journal":{"name":"Edith Wharton Review","volume":"5 1","pages":"167 - 188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73642876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Religious Texts in Edith Wharton's Library","authors":"Sheila Liming","doi":"10.5325/editwharrevi.34.1.0079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/editwharrevi.34.1.0079","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In many ways, the story of Edith Wharton's library starts with religion. Wharton received copies of religious texts—including The Book of Common Prayer and works like the Lutheran theologian Richard Rothe's Stille Stunden—as presents when she was a young girl, and these volumes formed the bedrock of a library collection that was fated to grow and expand over the years. This body of religious texts furthermore indicates how Wharton, as she matured, let curiosity guide her beyond the bounds of her Episcopalian upbringing. To her collection of sacred texts and books about Christianity, Wharton added volumes about religion in ancient Greece, the history of monastic orders like the Jesuits and the Franciscans, and \"Mohammedanism,\" better known as Islam.","PeriodicalId":40904,"journal":{"name":"Edith Wharton Review","volume":"16 1","pages":"79 - 85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87331711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}