{"title":"Hans of Strasbourg - The Life and Deeds of a Jewish Convert and Impostor Revisited","authors":"R. Jütte","doi":"10.1515/asch-2018-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/asch-2018-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Gershom Scholems Kritik, die Wissenschaft des Judentums sei immer nur daran interessiert, was im »Salon« vorgehe, nicht aber im »Keller«, ist inzwischen von der neueren jüdischen Geschichtsschreibung Rechnung getragen worden. Dennoch gibt es immer noch zu wenige Studien zur jüdischen »Unterwelt«, vor allem in Hinblick auf die Geschichte der Juden vor der Emanzipation. Zu dieser »Unterwelt« gehörten auch Juden, die sich in betrügerischer Absicht mehrfach taufen ließen und nach ihrer Konversion auf die schiefe Bahn gerieten, weil sie mit den neuen Lebensumständen nicht zurechtkamen. Zu ihnen zählt im ausgehenden 15. Jahrhundert Hans von Straßburg, der sich in Straßburg zum Christentum bekehren ließ, durch das Land zog und immer wieder mit unterschiedlichen Delikten (Diebstahl, Ehebruch, Bettelei, Betrug, Erpressung) auf- und straffällig wurde, bevor er 1487 in die Mühlen der Nördlinger Justiz geriet, aber dennoch mit dem Leben davonkam. Seine zahlreichen Betrugsmaschen erlangten dadurch Nachruhm, dass frühneuzeitliche Schriften, die vor betrügerischen Bettlern und Gauner eindringlich warnten, sie erwähnen und mit seinem Namen verbinden. Seine spannende Lebensgeschichte wieder hier noch einmal aufgerollt und vor dem Hintergrund der neuen Forschungen zu Judentaufen in dieser Zeit beleuchtet.","PeriodicalId":40863,"journal":{"name":"Aschkenas-Zeitschrift fuer Geschichte und Kultur der Juden","volume":"28 1","pages":"1 - 17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/asch-2018-0004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43621967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Der Rechtshistoriker Guido Kisch als Deutscher jüdischen Glaubens","authors":"J. F. Battenberg","doi":"10.1515/asch-2018-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/asch-2018-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The German-Jewish legal historian, Guido Kisch, born into the former Bohemian Jewish community of Prague, was a very famous scientist during the Weimar Republic and the first decades after the Second World War. Persecuted by the Nazis, he had to leave Germany for the United States of America. His research on matters relating to medieval German law, social and economic problems of medieval society, especially of the Jewish communities, became famous inside the scientific community. But less is known as to his Jewishness and the influence of his traditional Jewish views on his scientific ideas and discoveries, or of his personal reasons for his actions and decisions. The reasons for this lack of clarity are evidently, in his opinion, that one must separate legal analyses and research from personal influences and interests - apparently an opinion gained under the influence of Max Weber’s positivism. But we can find some indications in the biography of Guido Kisch and his family. The following reflections demonstrate that there definitely are connections between his (private) faith and his scientific findings.","PeriodicalId":40863,"journal":{"name":"Aschkenas-Zeitschrift fuer Geschichte und Kultur der Juden","volume":"28 1","pages":"119 - 144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/asch-2018-0002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48138494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Jews and the Cholera Epidemics in Amsterdam in 1832 and 1849","authors":"H. Snel, J. Straten","doi":"10.1515/asch-2018-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/asch-2018-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Es gibt widersprüchliche Berichte in der Literatur in Bezug auf die Immunität der Juden gegen Infektionskrankheiten wie Pocken, Tuberkulose und Cholera. Diese Forschung bezieht sich auf die Choleraepidemien in den Jahren 1832 und 1849. Es lässt sich feststellen, dass die jüdische Bevölkerungsgruppe nicht resistenter gegen die Cholera war als die nicht-jüdische. Die Sterblichkeit war sogar signifikant höher bei Juden. Die Autoren zeigen, dass Unterschiede in der Sterblichkeit nicht auf die Religion, sondern auf die sozialen Umstände, vor allem die Qualität des Trinkwassers, zurückzuführen sind.","PeriodicalId":40863,"journal":{"name":"Aschkenas-Zeitschrift fuer Geschichte und Kultur der Juden","volume":"28 1","pages":"71 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/asch-2018-0001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43500835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Im Auftrag des Rechts. Christliche und jüdische Regensburger Anwälte beim Innsbrucker Prozess (1516-1519)","authors":"Veronika Nickel","doi":"10.1515/asch-2018-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/asch-2018-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The expulsion of the Jewish Community from Regensburg (Ratisbon) in 1519 was one of the last and well-known expulsions of Jews from an Imperial City on the brink of the modern era. Little attention has been paid to a lawsuit between the Regensburg City Council and the Jewish Community which was initiated three years before 1519. Both the City Council and the Jewish Community sent specially authorised delegates as attorneys to attend the trial held in front of the Regiment in Innsbruck/Austria. Hans Hirsdorfer, Hansgraf of Regensburg, was usually dispatched to Innsbruck as the Christian representative while Isaak Walch made the journey in order to represent the Jewish Community. Their powers of attorney, along with other sources such as account books, give us deep insights into their scope of action regarding personal as well as juridical matters.","PeriodicalId":40863,"journal":{"name":"Aschkenas-Zeitschrift fuer Geschichte und Kultur der Juden","volume":"28 1","pages":"19 - 37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/asch-2018-0005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45154945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mit den Schlittschuhen im Gepäck nach Lima","authors":"Elke-Vera Kotowski","doi":"10.1515/asch-2018-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/asch-2018-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The knowledge and tradition manifested especially in objects salvaged by refugees fleeing Germany after 1933 are not only reminders of the former homeland in exile, they also reflect it one-to-one (this is particularly apparent in the living and eating culture). These objects therefore become bearers of the old world’s cultural traditions.","PeriodicalId":40863,"journal":{"name":"Aschkenas-Zeitschrift fuer Geschichte und Kultur der Juden","volume":"28 1","pages":"145 - 164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/asch-2018-0007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47390783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"»Books are printed here which nobody will ever read«","authors":"H. Wassermann","doi":"10.1515/asch-2018-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/asch-2018-0011","url":null,"abstract":"This review is a by-product of a lengthy study, still in progress, entitled »›Books are printed here which nobody will ever read‹: The Occupation of the Haskalah Movement in Germany by Jewish-Nationalist historiography«. The declared immediate goal of this occupation has been the magnification of a short-lived literary venture which barely left traces of itself, a development best exemplified in the words of the major figure in this venture, Prof. Shmuel Feiner of Maaleh Adumim, who has declared that the impact of the Haskalah movement on the history of modern Jewry can be considered equivalent to that of the French Revolution, such as in the very opening paragraph of his acclaimed work, The Jewish Enlightenment (Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004, translated by Chaya Naor), p. 1:","PeriodicalId":40863,"journal":{"name":"Aschkenas-Zeitschrift fuer Geschichte und Kultur der Juden","volume":"28 1","pages":"347 - 363"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/asch-2018-0011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42870064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Die Stellung der Juden im Merowingerreich nach dem Zeugnis der Synodalakten","authors":"Lotter Friedrich","doi":"10.1515/asch-2018-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/asch-2018-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In research into the history of the Jews in the Merovingian kingdom, relevant Council decrees have so far played a very subsidiary role compared to information gleaned from narrative sources. Yet besides facilitating discoveries of importance not only for the Merovingian period, and scarcely to be found in other sources, a number of these decrees also found their way into the canon law of the High Middle Ages and acquired long-term significance as a result. The compilation presented here systematically investigates this source material according to perspectives important for the synods: Christian-Jewish intermarriages; Christian slaves owned by Jews, and the danger, as the Church saw it, of proselytism; Jews as holders of public offices; Judaizing tendencies amongst Christians; attempts to limit contact between Christians and Jews. From this it becomes apparent that the position of the Jews in the Merovingian kingdom was not as perilous as is often assumed based on the narrative sources. On the contrary, during this era the foundations were laid for a later autonomous Jewry in Europe. The essay also elaborates on the importance of the synodal decrees as source material for investigating the history of Jewry in the early medieval period. The concluding tables provide a systematic overview and also demonstrate which of the decrees were incorporated again into the medieval canonical collections.","PeriodicalId":40863,"journal":{"name":"Aschkenas-Zeitschrift fuer Geschichte und Kultur der Juden","volume":"28 1","pages":"175 - 216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/asch-2018-0008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43054331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"In Memoriam Friedrich Lotter (1924-2014)","authors":"Markus J. Wenninger","doi":"10.1515/asch-2018-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/asch-2018-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Friedrich Lotter1 wurde am 22. Dezember 1924 in Deutsch Krone (heute Wałcz, Polen), einer klei nen Stadt im nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg beim Deutschen Reich verbliebenen Teil Westpreußens, geboren. Da seine Eltern jedoch schon wenig spä ter nach Frankfurt an der Oder übersiedelten, wurde diese Stadt sein eigentlicher Heimatort. Nach einer Kriegsmatura (Notabitur) 1942 zur Wehrmacht eingezogen, geriet er bei Kriegsende 1945 in sowjetische Kriegsgefangenschaft, aus der er Ende 1947 zurückkehrte. Er ging nun in den Westen, studierte 1948–1953 klassische Philolo gie und Geschichte in Marburg und unterrichtete diese Fächer anschließend am Wilhelmsgymnasium in Kassel. Parallel dazu begann er wissenschaftlich zu arbeiten. 1956 wurde er in Mar burg bei Helmut Beumann mit einer Arbeit über Ruotgers Lebensbeschreibung des Erzbischofs Brun von Köln (963–965), des jüngsten Bruders von Kaiser Otto I., die dieser schon kurz nach Bruns Tod verfasst hatte, promoviert.2 Seine eigent liche akademische Karriere begann er aber erst über ein Jahrzehnt später. Sein Hauptinteresse galt in dieser Zeit der Übergangszeit von der Antike zum Frühmit telalter, insbesondere der Person und dem Umfeld des Severinus von Noricum. Über dieses Thema, das nicht zuletzt seinem Interesse an der Verbindung von Kir chengeschichte und allgemeiner Geschichte entsprang, verfasste er, ebenfalls bei Helmut Beumann, seine Habilitationsschrift, die 1972 in Marburg angenommen","PeriodicalId":40863,"journal":{"name":"Aschkenas-Zeitschrift fuer Geschichte und Kultur der Juden","volume":"28 1","pages":"165 - 174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/asch-2018-0013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43141803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Die Juden in den späteren kanonistischen Rechtssammlungen des Mittelalters: Dekretales Gregorii IX. (Liber Extra), Liber Sextus, Clementinae und Extravagantes Communes","authors":"Lotter Friedrich","doi":"10.1515/asch-2018-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/asch-2018-0012","url":null,"abstract":"With the growing juridification of internal ecclesiastical procedures from the middle of the twelfth century, a substantial increase occurred in the publishing of decretals (papal edicts). Subsequently, diverse collections of these edicts were compiled, some of which became the actual corpus of ecclesiastical law following papal promulgation. The Liber Extra, above all, contains numerous articles relating to Jews, and therefore formed the basis for canonical Jewry law, which was largely completed in the thirteenth century. In addition, the decretals show an increasing tendency not only to prescribe how Christians should behave toward Jews but also wherever possible to subject Jews – even though ecclesiastical law did not apply to them as non-Christians – to the direct jurisdiction of ecclesiastical statutes. The present essay examines the Jewry-specific articles of decretals in each distinct compilation, and systematizes them under the following perspectives: protection of Jews; restrictive and rights-limiting measures; prevention of proselytism; missionary work with Jews. It must be noted that the articles referring to Jews in the decretals account for only some of the relevant papal pronouncements, and in each case therefore provide only a partial picture of policies toward Jews. The Jewry policies of Pope Innocent III, above all, marked a turning point towards a more negative attitude towards Jews.","PeriodicalId":40863,"journal":{"name":"Aschkenas-Zeitschrift fuer Geschichte und Kultur der Juden","volume":"28 1","pages":"282 - 336"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/asch-2018-0012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45740919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bibliographie Friedrich Lotter","authors":"Markus J. Wenninger","doi":"10.1515/asch-2018-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/asch-2018-0010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40863,"journal":{"name":"Aschkenas-Zeitschrift fuer Geschichte und Kultur der Juden","volume":"28 1","pages":"337 - 346"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/asch-2018-0010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41998984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}