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Judentum und Krankheit. Einleitende Bemerkungen 犹太教和疾病初步意见
Aschkenas-Zeitschrift fuer Geschichte und Kultur der Juden Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/asch-2019-0001
R. Jütte, A. Kilcher
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引用次数: 0
Der kranke Mann im Golus Golus的病人
Aschkenas-Zeitschrift fuer Geschichte und Kultur der Juden Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/asch-2019-0011
A. Kilcher
{"title":"Der kranke Mann im Golus","authors":"A. Kilcher","doi":"10.1515/asch-2019-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/asch-2019-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Zionism is rooted in the programme for overcoming the Diaspora. The descriptions of this programme go hand in hand with an in-depth »diagnosis« of the sufferings of the Diaspora as a symptom of the ongoing animosity towards Jews and their persecution even, and particularly, in the age of emancipation. This cultural, social and political diagnosis was described in Zionism - and it is no coincidence that this happened mostly through physicians - as the medical and psychiatric pathologization of the »Jewish people’s body«. In this process of naturalization and scientification paradigms and methods of the contemporary humanities and social sciences were applied, including concepts as controversial as that of the »Jewish race«. The present analysis examines this medical account from two complementary perspectives: the medical verbalization of the political discourse of Zionism on the one hand (Leon Pinsker, Max Nordau, etc.), and the politicization of medicine on the other (Arthur Kahn, Felix Theilhaber, etc.).","PeriodicalId":40863,"journal":{"name":"Aschkenas-Zeitschrift fuer Geschichte und Kultur der Juden","volume":"29 1","pages":"175 - 195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/asch-2019-0011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44554065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Juden und Tuberkulose 犹太人与肺结核
Aschkenas-Zeitschrift fuer Geschichte und Kultur der Juden Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/asch-2019-0006
K. Hödl
{"title":"Juden und Tuberkulose","authors":"K. Hödl","doi":"10.1515/asch-2019-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/asch-2019-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In my article, I discuss the American debate on the predisposition of Jews in the 19th and early 20th centuries toward tuberculosis. In focusing on the illness, I compare the Jewish population with the African American population. While physicians at the time thought that there was widespread immunity to the disease among Jews, it was reported that there was an above-average number of cases among African Americans. Both groups differed significantly from white Americans. I argue that not only differences but similarities between Jews and non-Jews, too, were written into the medical discourse at the time. I demonstrate this through an analysis of contemporary medical texts. I believe that historians have overwhelmingly neglected to incorporate such publications into their analyses, because they feared that the historical evidence they contain might challenge their assumptions.","PeriodicalId":40863,"journal":{"name":"Aschkenas-Zeitschrift fuer Geschichte und Kultur der Juden","volume":"29 1","pages":"79 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/asch-2019-0006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43017081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Religiöse Zionistinnen. Die Europäische Misrachi-Frauenorganisation 1929-1939 宗教Zionistinnen .1929—1939年
Aschkenas-Zeitschrift fuer Geschichte und Kultur der Juden Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/asch-2019-0014
D. Hecht
{"title":"Religiöse Zionistinnen. Die Europäische Misrachi-Frauenorganisation 1929-1939","authors":"D. Hecht","doi":"10.1515/asch-2019-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/asch-2019-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract When Bessie Gotsfeld (1888-1962) founded the »Mizrachi Womenʼs Organization of America« (aka AMIT) in 1925, religious Zionist women in Europe also started to organize their work in several European countries. In 1928, Meir Berlin (later Meir Bar-Ilan), one of the leading rabbis of the Mizrachi movement, met in Vienna with Anitta Müller-Cohen (1890-1962), a prominent Zionist woman activist. After that meeting, Müller-Cohen joined the ranks of the Mizrachi movement and started to build up a »European League of Mizrachi Women«. Besides Germany, there were important local associations in Belgium, Great Britain and the Netherlands. The ambitious project of the European Mizrachi women caused a conflict with the WIZO, the biggest and most important organization of Jewish women, that escalated at the VIth World Congress of Zionist Women in Basel in 1931. The rise to power of National Socialism in Germany in 1933, challenged the developing Mizrachi Women’s League beyond their means and finally led to their destruction during the Shoah. In this paper, I trace the network of Jewish women who engaged with the Mizrachi Women’s League, and analyse their personal commitment. Additionally, the paper focuses on the different ideological backgrounds of Mizrachi women at a local and international level. Hence, the conflict between different Zionist women’s organisations, i. e. Mizrachi versus WIZO, gains center stage.","PeriodicalId":40863,"journal":{"name":"Aschkenas-Zeitschrift fuer Geschichte und Kultur der Juden","volume":"83 2","pages":"211 - 234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/asch-2019-0014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41288771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
»Judenkrankheiten«. Eine methodologische Orientierung im Diskursdschungel »Judenkrankheiten«.其中是其中一种方法
Aschkenas-Zeitschrift fuer Geschichte und Kultur der Juden Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/asch-2019-0002
E. Wolff
{"title":"»Judenkrankheiten«. Eine methodologische Orientierung im Diskursdschungel","authors":"E. Wolff","doi":"10.1515/asch-2019-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/asch-2019-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article suggests ways of dealing with the intricate discourse on »Jewish Diseases« from antiquity up to the present - both within and beyond anti-Semitism. Firstly, it presents a four-dimensional model that systemizes the different ways in which the sources talk about the subject. In employing this model the article develops images of Jews and Judaism constructed by them. Secondly, the article distinguishes between a »documenting« and a »deconstructive« way in which the sources are used in the humanities. However, since sources dealing with »Jewish Diseases« are always biased and based on subjective premises, the article pleads for investigating the latter. This even applies to the modern biomedical discourse, for instance on »genetic Jewish Diseases«, which promotes the biologisation and essentialisation of what it means to be Jewish.","PeriodicalId":40863,"journal":{"name":"Aschkenas-Zeitschrift fuer Geschichte und Kultur der Juden","volume":"29 1","pages":"3 - 25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/asch-2019-0002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48945611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Neigungen zu psychischen Erkrankungen? 有精神病的倾向吗
Aschkenas-Zeitschrift fuer Geschichte und Kultur der Juden Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/asch-2019-0007
C. Vanja
{"title":"Neigungen zu psychischen Erkrankungen?","authors":"C. Vanja","doi":"10.1515/asch-2019-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/asch-2019-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The years around 1900 were marked by discussions on whether Jews were particularly susceptible to mental suffering. Not only was the topic presented by racial hygienists with anti-Semitic hrust, it also played a prominent role for Jewish physicians. The causes of »Jewish nervousness« were discussed controversially, either as a hereditary biological system of the Jewish »race« or as caused by the specific history of Jews in exile, where they lived in an anti-Semitic environment, or their particular urban lifestyle that was alienated from nature, or a tendency to mental illness. The »Israelite Health and Nursing Establishment« in Bendorf-Sayn understood itself as an institution that specialized in the needs of Jewish patients and kept them safe from anti-Semitic attacks. However, it was only intended for a solvent clientele. In public welfare institutions patients of Jewish faith generally could not expect any concessions and were discriminated against, in particular by psychiatrists oriented towards racial hygiene.","PeriodicalId":40863,"journal":{"name":"Aschkenas-Zeitschrift fuer Geschichte und Kultur der Juden","volume":"29 1","pages":"95 - 112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/asch-2019-0007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44514986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Zur späten Korrespondenz zwischen Josef Horovitz und Shlomo Goitein 约瑟夫•霍罗维茨和谢洛莫·戈莱辛之间的信件
Aschkenas-Zeitschrift fuer Geschichte und Kultur der Juden Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/asch-2019-0013
Johannes Twardella
{"title":"Zur späten Korrespondenz zwischen Josef Horovitz und Shlomo Goitein","authors":"Johannes Twardella","doi":"10.1515/asch-2019-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/asch-2019-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Josef Horovitz was one of the most important orientalists of his time. Born in 1874 in Lauenburg (Pommern), he died unexpectedly in 1931 at the age of 57 in Frankfurt am Main, just before the National Socialists came to power. His letters and postcards, written in the years 1930-31 to his disciple Shlomo Dov Goitein, provide information about their relationship but also give a good insight into the differences in the scientific approach between the generations. They are also revealing with regard to Horovitz’ scientific work and his position on the »Jewish question«. It becomes clear that, at that time, Horovitz was working on a commentary on the Koran which he could not finish because of his early death. And as for the »Jewish question«, it shows that he believed in the possibility of a peaceful coexistence between Jews and Arabs in Palestine on the basis of a mutual recognition of interests.","PeriodicalId":40863,"journal":{"name":"Aschkenas-Zeitschrift fuer Geschichte und Kultur der Juden","volume":"29 1","pages":"197 - 210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/asch-2019-0013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45557067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Juden und Diabetes 犹太人与糖尿病
Aschkenas-Zeitschrift fuer Geschichte und Kultur der Juden Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/asch-2019-0005
R. Jütte
{"title":"Juden und Diabetes","authors":"R. Jütte","doi":"10.1515/asch-2019-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/asch-2019-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract It is noticeable that diabetes - unlike other diseases usually associated with Jews, such as leprosy, haemorrhoids and scabies - was not linked to Judaism until the second half of the nineteenth century. The first statistics used to prove that Jews suffer from this metabolic disorder with particular frequency came interestingly from a physician in Karlsbad who noticed that there was a disproportionately high number of Jews among his diabetes patients. Since the end of the nineteenth century, mortality statistics from various cities (Boston, New York, Frankfurt) or regions (Prussia, for instance) have also been used as evidence in the medical literature. They also seem to confirm the higher mortality rates in Jewish diabetes sufferers. Doubts as to the reliability of such statistics were expressed early on. It was pointed out, for instance, that some of the figures came from spa towns or specialized medical practices and were therefore linked to a particular class of Jews and non-Jews. Some physicians sought the cause of the ailment in certain racial characteristics, others in the idiosyncratic behaviours of this demographic group. Given the highly complex processes underlying the origin of diabetes, the findings of modern genetic research may well also prove to be incorrect in the future.","PeriodicalId":40863,"journal":{"name":"Aschkenas-Zeitschrift fuer Geschichte und Kultur der Juden","volume":"29 1","pages":"63 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/asch-2019-0005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43324442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mägde, Migration und Mutterschaft 女佣、移民和母亲身份
Aschkenas-Zeitschrift fuer Geschichte und Kultur der Juden Pub Date : 2018-11-23 DOI: 10.1515/asch-2018-0003
Monika Richarz
{"title":"Mägde, Migration und Mutterschaft","authors":"Monika Richarz","doi":"10.1515/asch-2018-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/asch-2018-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article casts light on the situation of the 18th century Jewish underclass by using the example of maid servants. Serving as a maid was the most widespread occupation for Jewish women in the early modern era. Forced to migrate and to live unmarried in the house of a Schutzjude (Jew living under the protection of the authorities), maids were subjected to two rigid legal systems: the local Jewish law and the general law for menials that also applied to Christian servants. Because their families were often too poor to give them a dowry or to acquire authority protection, their chances of marriage were limited. And yet, Jewish maids had the highest number of illegitimate children, often fathered by middle-class Jews. Maids who became pregnant out of wedlock were branded as whores and dismissed. The councils of Jewish parishes were constantly involved in conflicts between parish members and migrant servants. Many maid servants tried to improve their difficult social situation by leaving Judaism.","PeriodicalId":40863,"journal":{"name":"Aschkenas-Zeitschrift fuer Geschichte und Kultur der Juden","volume":"28 1","pages":"39 - 69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/asch-2018-0003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49358806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Per scientiam ad iustitiam? Werk und Wirkung von Magnus Hirschfeld (1868-1935) 根据科学广告？马格努斯·赫希菲尔德的作品与效果（1868-1935）
Aschkenas-Zeitschrift fuer Geschichte und Kultur der Juden Pub Date : 2018-11-23 DOI: 10.1515/asch-2018-0006
F. Mildenberger
{"title":"Per scientiam ad iustitiam? Werk und Wirkung von Magnus Hirschfeld (1868-1935)","authors":"F. Mildenberger","doi":"10.1515/asch-2018-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/asch-2018-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Magnus Hirschfeld was the trailblazer of modern sexology and he defined homosexuality as a variation in western sexual life - and no longer as a perversion or vice. Moreover, he campaigned for sexual liberation with petitions to the parliament, leaflets and even movies. He popularized terms that are still in use, such as »transsexualism« or »homosexuality«. But he also became an admirer of sexual eugenics. Lastly, he never achieved the decriminalization of homosexual desire and he also died without any successors. Throughout his life he saw himself as a German citizen. His Jewish background was more relevant to his enemies than to himself.","PeriodicalId":40863,"journal":{"name":"Aschkenas-Zeitschrift fuer Geschichte und Kultur der Juden","volume":"28 1","pages":"117 - 85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/asch-2018-0006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49186634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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