Powder TechnologyPub Date : 2025-08-11DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121550
María Salvador , Vanessa Pilati , Mª. Arantzazu Argüelles-Vélez , Mona Fadel , Francisco Javier Palomares , Alberto Castro-Muñiz , José Carlos Martínez-García , Fabián Suárez-García , Jesús Ángel Blanco , Montserrat Rivas
{"title":"Drying strategies for magnetite nanocrystals: Unveiling the effects of air- and freeze-drying on fatty acid coatings","authors":"María Salvador , Vanessa Pilati , Mª. Arantzazu Argüelles-Vélez , Mona Fadel , Francisco Javier Palomares , Alberto Castro-Muñiz , José Carlos Martínez-García , Fabián Suárez-García , Jesús Ángel Blanco , Montserrat Rivas","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121550","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121550","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The accurate characterization of magnetic nanoparticles suspended in liquid media, such as those obtained through wet-chemical synthesis methods or from magnetic colloids, often requires the removal of the liquid phase. To obtain a nanoparticle powder, different drying strategies are frequently employed, such as freeze-drying and air-drying. These procedures can impact particle aggregation, surface oxidation, morphology, and magnetic properties; however, systematic comparisons remain limited. This study provides a detailed evaluation of these two drying methods, highlighting their effects on the crystal structure, crystallite size, surface chemistry, and magnetic behavior of nanocrystals. Our findings reveal that both methods yield comparable results for crystallite size, but subtle variations in strain and surface properties, with air-dried samples exhibiting slightly higher strain, likely due to oxidation effects during the drying process. Furthermore, a significant discrepancy in saturation magnetization was noted between liquid and powder samples, underscoring challenges related to mass normalization. This paper addresses a critical gap in our understanding of the role of drying techniques in nanoparticle preparation and lays the groundwork for extending these findings to other nanomaterials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"467 ","pages":"Article 121550"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144866872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Powder TechnologyPub Date : 2025-08-11DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121549
Haoyuan Bo , Yingjuan Shao , Wenqi Zhong
{"title":"Effect of particle attrition on gas-solid flow and heat transfer characteristics with a developed CFD-DEM model","authors":"Haoyuan Bo , Yingjuan Shao , Wenqi Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121549","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121549","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study employs the CFD-DEM method coupled with heat transfer and a self-developed fluidized attrition sub-model to simulate the fluidization process of particles in a fluidized bed. The accuracy of the attrition model is validated through comparative analysis with experimental data. First, the effects of different attrition mechanisms on particle abrasion, fragmentation, and gas-solid flow behavior are investigated under cold conditions. Subsequently, the effects of these mechanisms on gas-solid heat transfer characteristics are systematically investigated under thermal conditions. Thus, it provides a theoretical foundation for optimizing the gas-solid heat transfer process. The results indicate that fluidized attrition significantly affects the particle size distribution. The degree of particle abrasion is closely related to its motion patterns. Particle fragmentation primarily occurs within the range of 1.3 to 2.1 times the static bed height of the fluidized bed. Additionally, by performing a time-averaged statistical analysis of the particle volume fraction at different reaction stages, the potential erosive impact of the particles on the bed material is revealed. Under thermal conditions, the temperature response characteristics and temperature levels of particles exhibit direct correlations with their abrasion degree. Furthermore, the abrasion mechanism effectively enhances the temperature uniformity of the bed, whereas the fragmentation mechanism reduces it.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"467 ","pages":"Article 121549"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144840863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Powder TechnologyPub Date : 2025-08-11DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121551
Xiaobo Min , Dezhou Zhang , Yun Li , Xin Wang , Qingyu Huang , Yu Liu , Yunyan Wang , Pingsheng Zeng , Xingwu Lu , Cong Peng , Yong Ke
{"title":"Efficient recovery of zinc material from zinc reductive smelting flue gas via vapor condensation","authors":"Xiaobo Min , Dezhou Zhang , Yun Li , Xin Wang , Qingyu Huang , Yu Liu , Yunyan Wang , Pingsheng Zeng , Xingwu Lu , Cong Peng , Yong Ke","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121551","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121551","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The inherent susceptibility of zinc vapor Zn<sub>(g)</sub> to oxidation during conventional pyrometallurgical zinc production fundamentally limits direct metallic zinc recovery. This study developed an innovative multi-field controlling condensation technique to address this challenge through synergistic regulation of atmospheric composition (Zn<sub>(g)</sub>-CO₂-CO-N₂ system), thermal gradients, and concentration fields in smelting operations. Combining thermodynamic simulations with pilot experiments, the oxidation inhibition mechanisms were systematically elucidated, quantitative relationships between operational parameters and zinc recovery efficiency were established. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that increasing the reaction temperature, elevating CO and zinc vapor concentrations in the gas phase, and reducing H<sub>2</sub>O and SO<sub>2</sub> contents can effectively inhibit zinc vapor oxidation. Experimental validation demonstrated exceptional zinc vapor oxidation inhibition rates of 95.7–99.1 % under optimized conditions: 1050 °C reaction temperature, CO/CO₂ ratios of 3.0–5.0, 0.34 mL/min zinc vapor flux, 610–625 °C condensation temperature, and 60 min retention time without H<sub>2</sub>O and SO<sub>2</sub>. Additionally, this methodology enables precise morphological control of condensed products, achieving tunable zinc crystal structures ranging from dendritic to compact granular morphologies through strategic manipulation of condensation kinetics. This breakthrough establishes a robust technical pathway for sustainable zinc recovery from smelting off-gases while providing fundamental insights into vapor-phase metal purification strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"467 ","pages":"Article 121551"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144866871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Powder TechnologyPub Date : 2025-08-11DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121554
Zhen Liu , Shuyang Sun , He Yang , Qingbo Gu , Weiqun Wang , Jinrui Hu , Weijun Zhou , Ning Geng
{"title":"Particle clogging and two-phase flow in fracture networks of water-saturated coal: Insights from laser-etched model experiments","authors":"Zhen Liu , Shuyang Sun , He Yang , Qingbo Gu , Weiqun Wang , Jinrui Hu , Weijun Zhou , Ning Geng","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121554","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121554","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The seepage of dynamic water through coal seam fractures directly affects dust suppression. However, the particles produced by the original coal seam and mechanical crushing enter the fracture network with the dynamic water, leading to blockage and reduced water injection efficiency. Therefore, this study independently developed a visual experimental system for water-borne particle migration. Laser etching technology was used to reconstruct the characteristics of the fracture network, and numerical simulation was conducted to model the migration of water-particle two-phase flow, exploring particle behavior under varying flow rates (40–80 mL/min) and particle concentrations (3–7 g/L). The results show that the maximum <em>R</em><sub><em>c</em></sub> value of the ratio parameter of pulverized coal in branch throats and shrinkage zones of the fracture network exceeds 0.79, indicating that these areas are the primary sites of particle blockage. The migration and deposition of particles are affected by the flow rate and particle concentration. An increase in concentration promotes deposition, and the porosity and fractal dimension D<sub>2</sub> of the fracture network decrease synchronously, while the increase in flow rate can alleviate the blockage. It was found that at a concentration of 3 g/L, as the flow rate increased from 40 mL/min to 80 mL/min, the blockage coefficient <em>B</em> decreased from 0.5654 to 0.1455, representing a reduction of approximately 74.3 %. These findings provide a theoretical reference for solving the problem of pulverized coal particles blocking fractures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"467 ","pages":"Article 121554"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144840865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Powder TechnologyPub Date : 2025-08-11DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121552
Yuanlu Li , Wenqi Zhong , Xuejiao Liu , Xi Chen , Guanwen Zhou , Yingjuan Shao , Qian Liu , Qinwen Liu
{"title":"Combustion characteristics and instability mechanisms of the pulverized coal jet with low loads","authors":"Yuanlu Li , Wenqi Zhong , Xuejiao Liu , Xi Chen , Guanwen Zhou , Yingjuan Shao , Qian Liu , Qinwen Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121552","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121552","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To integrate with renewable and low-carbon, but intermittent solar and wind powers, the coal-fired power generation units are compelled to operate under conditions of frequently fluctuating loads as well as prolonged low-load states. With such new operating modes, the rapid and safe regulation and control of the pulverized coal boiler necessitate a more profound comprehension of the combustion dynamic characteristics of pulverized coal jets especially under the low-load conditions. In this study, based on CFD (LES-DPM) numerical simulations, a quantitative method, which identifies heat-release cores and employs a coefficient of variation to evaluate their spatial continuity, was developed to describe the flame evolution process and assess the combustion stability of pulverized coal jets. The combustion characteristics were investigated under varying coal feed and air supply rates, and the instability mechanism under low-load conditions was emphatically discussed. It was found that the essence of stable pulverized coal jet combustion is to form the continuous high-intensity heat release regions, namely the heat-release cores in jets and the formation, merging, and fragmentation of heat-release cores, are closely affected by the gas-solid diffusion and the mixing of fuel and oxidant. Under low-load conditions, the reduced coal feed rates and air supply with the weak gas-solid turbulence lead to the non-homogeneous fuel and heat distribution in the jet space. The heat-release cores fail to merge and the flame shows significant spatiotemporal fluctuations. Increasing the air/oxygen supply at low loads is able to improve combustion efficiency to some extent, but cannot enhance the flame stability obviously.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"467 ","pages":"Article 121552"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144866334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Powder TechnologyPub Date : 2025-08-10DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121547
Yang Han , Zhijun Xu , Le Wang , Yonggang Ding , Yong Lu
{"title":"Effect of hyperbolic hopper initial angle on granular flow and cylinder wall pressure during silo discharge","authors":"Yang Han , Zhijun Xu , Le Wang , Yonggang Ding , Yong Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The structural response of a cylindrical silo with a hyperbolic hopper during discharge can be significantly affected by the initial angle. However, mechanical analysis of such effects is limited in available literature. The granular flow behavior and cylinder wall pressure in silos with a hyperbolic hopper are investigated, with consideration of the initial angle, using numerical simulation and analytical methods. The results show that the variation of initial angle drives the granular materials to form a stagnant zone of different sizes within the cylinder bin, and this is associated with the development of a critical pressure on the cylinder wall. On the one hand, the stagnant zone distributes and weakens the impact of the arching strong chain of granular materials. On the other hand, the dilatancy effect of granular materials induced by transition flow strengthens the extrusion between the granular materials and cylinder wall. Furthermore, the pressure arch formed by the deflection of the principal stress direction in granular materials exhibits a transition arching angle, at which the arch supports the maximum horizontal force exerted on the cylinder wall. The inertial force derived from granular materials on the pressure arch reaches the critical value synchronized with the arch, resulting in increasing the cylinder wall pressure further.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"467 ","pages":"Article 121547"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144829253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Powder TechnologyPub Date : 2025-08-10DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121546
Jiayi Zhao , Feiwang Wang , Jinlei Wen , Huixin Dai , Liwei Wu , Yinghan Guo , Jinqian Pu
{"title":"Enhanced magnetite separation prediction by PLIMS multifactor coupling based on machine learning and SHAP interpretability analysis","authors":"Jiayi Zhao , Feiwang Wang , Jinlei Wen , Huixin Dai , Liwei Wu , Yinghan Guo , Jinqian Pu","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121546","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121546","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low-intensity magnetic separation (LIMS) is widely employed for magnetite beneficiation, but its optimization remains challenging owing to the complex interplay among various operational parameters. This study presents an interpretable machine learning framework that leverages SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) to investigate the influence of parameter interactions on concentrate grade and recovery. Predictive models were developed using key operational factors, including drum rotation speed, drum–tank distance, PLIMS inclination, magnet assembly inclination, particle size, and pulp density. Four machine learning algorithms, namely, random forest regression (RFR), gradient boosting regression (GBR), extreme gradient boosting (XGBR), and light gradient boosting machine (LGBR), were systematically optimized via Bayesian hyperparameter tuning and K-fold cross-validation. Model performance was evaluated using mean squared error (MSE) and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE). GBR outperformed all other models, achieving NSE scores of 0.9582 (grade) and 0.9602 (recovery). Subsequently, SHAP analysis was applied to interpret the GBR model. The results revealed that particle size exerted the greatest influence on concentrate grade, while drum–tank distance emerged as the most critical factor for recovery. Furthermore, two-feature interaction effects were explored through SHAP dependence plots, and SHAP waterfall diagrams were employed to visualize prediction mechanisms under different parameter combinations. This interpretable machine learning framework advances the application of data-driven methods in magnetic separation, enabling actionable insights for real-time process control. By enhancing operational efficiency and supporting evidence-based decision-making, the proposed approach contributes to resource conservation and the broader goals of sustainable mineral processing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"467 ","pages":"Article 121546"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144840692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Powder TechnologyPub Date : 2025-08-09DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121544
Dongsheng Xu , Guowei Cao , Chuantan Hou , Yidong Gan
{"title":"Influence of gradation on shear behavior and particle breakage of coral sand under undrained conditions","authors":"Dongsheng Xu , Guowei Cao , Chuantan Hou , Yidong Gan","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121544","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121544","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the combined influence of particle size distribution (PSD) and relative density on the shear behavior and particle breakage characteristics of coral sand. Consolidated undrained (CU) triaxial shear tests were performed to examine the interactive effects of gradation and relative density on the shear response and particle fragmentation of coral sands collected from the South China Sea. The shear characteristics and particle breakage behavior of different gradations under varying relative densities and confining pressures were explored. The results revealed a complex interplay between gradation and relative density, significantly affecting the shear strength, modulus, and particle breakage behavior of the coral sand. Wide-graded materials exhibited enhanced shear strength due to improved particle interlocking, whereas narrow-graded materials showed increased particle breakage owing to higher localized stress concentrations. Notably, the 1–2 mm particle size fraction was identified as critical within the gradation. The relative breakage mass (Δ<em>M</em>) was employed to quantify particle breakage, revealing a strong correlation between the gradation coefficient (<em>D</em><sub>50</sub>) and the particle breakage. Furthermore, critical particle size (<em>d</em><sub><em>c</em></sub>) was introduced, representing the point at which a dynamic equilibrium between particle breakage and the generation of fines is achieved. Based on these findings, a formula combining the gradation parameter <em>D</em><sub>50</sub>, relative density, shear strength, and particle breakage characteristics was developed. These insights enhance the understanding of the mechanical behavior of coral sand under undrained conditions, offering valuable implications for the design of marine structures founded on coral sand.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"467 ","pages":"Article 121544"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144829211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Powder TechnologyPub Date : 2025-08-08DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121464
Thomas Wilhelm , Lukas Fuchs , Anton Maksakov , Yannik Sinnwell , Sergiy Antonyuk , Stefan Palis , Volker Schmidt
{"title":"Model-based optimization of process parameters in high energy impact additive manufacturing processes","authors":"Thomas Wilhelm , Lukas Fuchs , Anton Maksakov , Yannik Sinnwell , Sergiy Antonyuk , Stefan Palis , Volker Schmidt","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121464","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121464","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cold gas spraying is an emerging technology in additive manufacturing, known for its versatility and broad range of applications. This process enables the deposition of various materials, such as metals, ceramics and polymers, onto substrates by accelerating particles to high velocities within a Laval nozzle. To achieve optimal manufacturing quality at low cost, continuous and precise adjustment of process parameters is essential. However, due to the complex behavior of the gas dynamics, assessing quality during manufacturing is challenging. To address this issue, two data-driven modeling approaches are described and compared that connect process parameters to particle descriptors within the spray jet: a fast and easy-to-implement radial basis function network (RBFN) method and a low-parametric copula-based method in order to probabilistically model the high-dimensional dependencies among particle descriptors. These two modeling approaches are illustrated through an example of data-based optimization of process parameters for a cold gas spray in free jet, but are directly applicable to non-free jet data, if available. Additionally, both methods have low computational cost, making them suitable for applications even in autonomous process control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"467 ","pages":"Article 121464"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144851919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Powder TechnologyPub Date : 2025-08-07DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121411
Edgar Schach , Thomas Buchwald , Thomas Leißner , Urs Peuker , Raimon Tolosana-Delgado
{"title":"Entropy analysis using particle discrete data: Application for the beneficiation of a tin bearing complex ore","authors":"Edgar Schach , Thomas Buchwald , Thomas Leißner , Urs Peuker , Raimon Tolosana-Delgado","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121411","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121411","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent progress in statistical entropy analysis has opened up new possibilities for evaluating process efficiencies in various industries, such as raw materials, waste management, circular economy, and mineral separation. Traditional methods focused primarily on the concentration of substances in the product and feed stages. However, it has been demonstrated that the incorporation of discrete particle properties can effectively characterize comminution, a process known for its high energy consumption, using entropy analysis. This study examines the practical application of statistical entropy analysis using discrete particle data for the beneficiation of a complex, tin-bearing Skarn ore, presenting a new approach to improving process evaluation and optimization in the field of raw materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"468 ","pages":"Article 121411"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144933709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}