Powder Technology最新文献

{"title":"Governing parameters in tribocharging of polymer microparticles with coated magnetic carrier materials","authors":"Rahaf A. Bahajry ,&nbsp;Charles I. Skillman ,&nbsp;Kevin M. Romagnoli ,&nbsp;Christopher J. Hogan Jr.","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2026.122237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2026.122237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In laser printing technology and additive manufacturing, toner particles are typically triboelectrically charged through their interaction with magnetic ferrite carriers. The charge distribution of toner particles resulting from tribocharing strongly affects system performance, but is difficult to reliably measure. This study utilizes an impaction-differential mobility analyzer-optical particle spectrometer (DMA-OPS) system to investigate the size-dependent charge distributions of toner particles ranging from 0.3 to <span><math><mrow><mn>10</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span> in diameter. In the method, a toner and carrier blend is aerosolized, and toner particles are released from carrier particle surfaces via inertial impaction of toner-carrier complexes. Subsequently, these toner particles are classified according to their electrical mobility in a DMA, and detected in an OPS. The resultant electrical mobility-optical diameter dataset yields size-dependent charge distributions of the toner particles. For the tested acrylic toner particles with 8 distinct carrier types, we find that the carrier coating chemistry strongly influences the charge polarity; acrylic coated carrier produced negatively tribocharged toner particles, while silicone coated carrier produced positively charged toner particles. The presence of a charge control agent in the silicone coated carrier can reverse the polarity of the charge to negative. Irrespective of the carrier chemistry, size, and polarity, we find a power-law scaling between charge level and toner particle diameter, with a scaling exponent in the 1.26-1.51 range. Finally, we assessed the influence of relative humidity on tribocharging; we found relative humidities above 60% reduced the charge levels by nearly an order of magnitude on toner particles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"473 ","pages":"Article 122237"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DEM study on the optimization of asymmetric hopper configurations","authors":"Dianyu E ,&nbsp;Bin Zhao ,&nbsp;Jiaxin Cui ,&nbsp;Zongyan Zhou ,&nbsp;Weifu Sun ,&nbsp;Yinxuan Qiu ,&nbsp;Chao Yang ,&nbsp;Lei Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2026.122224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2026.122224","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hoppers are essential vessels for storing and discharging granular materials. Numerous studies have been conducted on the particle flow dynamics and mass flow rate (MFR) within hoppers. However, research on asymmetric hopper configurations, which can significantly impact granular flow behavior, is still lacking. In this work, the effects of asymmetry on particle flow dynamics, arch structure and MFR within various asymmetric hoppers are investigated. Results illustrate that the hopper designed without transitional part tends to stably form large contact force chains on side walls, which is a key factor for jamming occurrence. In contrast, the hopper designed with a relatively large transitional part could amplify the discrepancies in the distributions of contact force and velocity. This type of hopper configuration can effectively alleviate blockage and keep MFR with a relatively small fluctuation amplitude. However, the average discharged MFR is significantly small in the hopper with small transitional part.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"473 ","pages":"Article 122224"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of chemo-mechanical properties and microscopic characteristics of asphalt mastics with alternative geopolymer-based powders","authors":"Shisong Ren ,&nbsp;Ali Zain U.I. Abadeen ,&nbsp;Chen Song ,&nbsp;Quang Tuan Nguyen ,&nbsp;Wim Van den bergh ,&nbsp;Aikaterini Varveri","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2026.122181","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2026.122181","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transition to sustainable pavement materials requires innovative alternatives to traditional mineral fillers that can simultaneously deliver mechanical performance, durability, and reduced environmental impact. This study systematically investigates four geopolymer-based powders derived from fly ash (FAG), metakaolin (MKG), red mud (RM), and slag (S) as substitutes for conventional limestone fillers (WG and WG60K) in asphalt mastic. Rheological testing, chemical characterization, and microstructural analysis are conducted to evaluate their effects on the chemo-structural-mechanical behaviour of bitumen. Results show that FAG markedly enhances high-temperature performance, improving rutting resistance, thermal stability, and shear strength by up to 58%, 45%, and 62%, but exhibits poor fatigue resistance and limited stress-relaxation capacity. In contrast, slag and metakaolin powders offer a more balanced performance profile, with superior fatigue resistance, finer dispersion, and smoother surface morphology (Ra &lt; 1.5 μm), making them promising candidates for durable pavements in warm and moderate climates. RM shows intermediate behaviour, providing good thermal stability but a rougher texture and stronger elastic stiffening. Although no chemical reaction is observed between powders and bitumen, physical interactions such as surface adsorption and alignment of aliphatic chains are found to stiffen the mastic and alter its temperature-dependent response. Surface roughness and dispersion quality are directly correlated with rheological performance, with coarser fillers (FAG, WG60K) enhanced rigidity but shortened fatigue life. Overall, Slag and metakaolin emerge as the most promising geopolymer fillers for durable asphalt pavements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"473 ","pages":"Article 122181"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intensified triboelectrostatic separation of coal gasification fine slag based on surface modification of carbon and ash particles","authors":"Hui Zhou ,&nbsp;Yinghua Chen ,&nbsp;Haisheng Li ,&nbsp;Jukai Chen ,&nbsp;Jie Yao ,&nbsp;Haifeng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2026.122226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2026.122226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coal gasification fine slag (GFS) exhibits low triboelectrostatic separation (TES) efficiency due to its high residual carbon content and pronounced surface heterogeneity. To intensify TES of GFS, a mechanochemical synergistic surface modification strategy was developed to regulate the surface properties of carbon and ash particles. Short-duration ball milling induced structural reorganization and surface activation, while subsequent interfacial chemical modification with kerosene, salicylic acid, acetic acid and lignin enabled precise tuning of surface polarity and charging behavior. After 2 min of milling, D50 and D90 decreased by 43.7% and 72.8%, respectively, the loose resistivity dropped to 206.4 Ω·m, and the charge-to-mass ratio (CMR) increased to −38.10 nC/g. Kerosene generated a non-polar hydrophobic coating that suppressed charge dissipation, yielding a resistivity of 1539 Ω·m at 100 °C. Salicylic acid modification established a charge-stabilizing layer via cooperative –COOH/–OH interactions, resulting in the lowest relative dielectric constant (2.71) and the highest CMR (−61.63 nC/g). Consequently, the salicylic-acid-modified sample achieved a carbon recovery rate of 56.98%, two to three times higher than that of the raw material. This work reveals a cross-scale synergistic charging mechanism governed by mechanical activation and chemical adsorption, and provides a general strategy for controllable surface property regulation and efficient dry separation of gasification solid wastes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"473 ","pages":"Article 122226"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the influence of aggregate particle morphology on structural uncertainty in asphalt concrete via digital composite modeling","authors":"Zhibin Ren ,&nbsp;Yiqiu Tan ,&nbsp;Jun Ma ,&nbsp;Chao Xing","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2026.122219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2026.122219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Structural variability in aggregate assemblies is a major source of uncertainty that undermines the reliability of concrete and asphaltic composites, leading to discrepancies between design predictions and in-service performance. This study develops a digital modeling framework to attribute and quantify the origins of such structural uncertainty. A total of 42 coarse aggregate morphological descriptors and 47 structural indicators were introduced to construct attribution analysis models. Statistical significance testing was employed to rank aggregate shape and size parameters into nine levels, followed by cumulative distribution analysis to assess their contribution to variability in packing structure. The results reveal that aggregate characteristics related to dominant DASR particles (4.75–9.5 mm), particle size distribution, and mean statistical measures (μ) play decisive roles in inducing structural uncertainty. Furthermore, skeleton-forming particles and their interfering fractions—particularly in the 2.36–4.75 mm and 4.75–9.5 mm size ranges—exert significant influence through size distribution and angularity. Based on these findings, a quantitative framework is proposed to control meso-structural variability in granular composites by linking aggregate morphological statistics to internal packing behavior. This framework provides insights into improving mixture design strategies and enhancing the structural reliability of concrete and asphalt materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"473 ","pages":"Article 122219"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The interplay between pore and particle characteristics in sands based on computed tomographic image analyses","authors":"Jae-Eun Ryou ,&nbsp;Seokgu Gang ,&nbsp;Yongjin Choi ,&nbsp;Sheng C. Dai ,&nbsp;Jongwon Jung","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2026.122150","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2026.122150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a quantitative framework for characterizing pore and particle parameters and their relationships in sands based X-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT) images. Cylindrical specimens of spherical and angular sands were used under confining stresses of 0, 2, 6.1, and 10.2 MPa at 13 μm voxel resolution. The segmentation process extracted nine descriptors, including pore body and throat radii, throat length, shape factors, connectivity, particle equivalent diameter, particle shape factor, and particle connectivity. Statistical distributions (log-normal, Weibull, and gamma) were fitted via maximum-likelihood estimation, and interrelations were quantified using quantile comparisons. Results show that spherical sand accommodates loading through uniform pore contraction and modest changes in shape and connectivity; while angular sand undergoes fracture-driven network reconfiguration, resulting in finer particles, elevated shape factors, and increased connectivity. Weibull distributions best capture geometric metrics, whereas log-normal models excel for shape factors and connectivity. Multivariable ratio trends reveal divergent deformation pathways and can be directly implemented in pore network and continuum-scale constitutive models. These empirical correlations reduce reliance on assumed parameters and improve predictive accuracy for permeability, capillarity, stiffness, and strength under confinement. This study also established a basis for future work on mixed-grain assemblies, extended stress regimes, and fluid-solid interaction scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"473 ","pages":"Article 122150"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical investigation of chip-like particle trajectory using a DEM-CFD-aerodynamic database framework","authors":"Bingchen Li ,&nbsp;Junjie Lin ,&nbsp;Shuai Wang ,&nbsp;Kun Luo ,&nbsp;Jianren Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2026.122174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2026.122174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a coupled discrete element method (DEM) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based aerodynamic database model to address the shortcomings of the conventional CFD-DEM method in predicting trajectories of high-aspect-ratio chip-like particles. Trajectory analyses demonstrate that decreasing the initial pitch angles intensifies flipping motions and displacement, whereas variations in the initial yaw angle exert minimal influence. The initial roll angles emerge as the dominant factor controlling vertical displacement. Particle thickness further influences settling behavior, with increased thickness in equal-density particles accelerating downward motion and suppressing rotation, whereas equal-mass particles display similar flow patterns. Increasing the scaling factor (<em>k</em>) produces deeper descent and reduced rotation in equal-density particles and promotes alignment along the inflow direction in equal-mass particles. Furthermore, as inflow velocity increases, chip-like particles exhibit longer horizontal displacements. For particles with an initial pitch angle of 0°, higher inflow velocity promotes more pronounced counterclockwise rotation, whereas for particles with non-zero pitch angles, it induces reverse rotation and non-monotonic trajectory patterns. This integrated framework serves as an effective simulation tool for capturing the complex dynamics of high-aspect-ratio particles and can be directly applied to enhance particle performance in applications, ranging from aircraft engine ice protection to solar panel recycling systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"473 ","pages":"Article 122174"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A fractal-based linear continuum mechanics for compressive self-growing powdery layer: Bridging fractal and continuum spaces","authors":"Jiajing Liu,&nbsp;Yunshan Dong,&nbsp;Wen Yang,&nbsp;Yindong Song,&nbsp;Landry Lontsi Tchio","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2026.122192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2026.122192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ash powdery layer, arising from self-growing particle deposition in coal/biomass-fired boilers, seriously reduce the heat transfer efficiency. The lack of an analytical continuum mechanics solution, due to the layer's porosity, necessitates the use of discrete element method (DEM), while the high computational cost of DEM hinders its use at large scales. In this work, we propose a high-efficient fractal-based linear continuum model that addresses the mechanics of compressive non-continuous powdery layer. Initially, the mapping from fractal to continuum spaces is conceptualized using the bridging of fractal coordinates. Then a simplified fractal bar is used to construct the powdery layer, yielding the fractal-based continuum mechanics with three parameters: the fractal co-dimension <em>ζ</em>, cross-sectional dimension <em>D</em>_<em>s</em> and the harmonic index <em>p</em>. Finally, utilizing quasi-static powdery layer DEM simulations, the parameter regularities are revealed, and the fractal-based continuum mechanics validated. Results show cross-sectional dimension <em>D</em>_<em>s</em>, which quantifies microstructural complexity, exhibits an increase from 1.6 to 1.9 during layer growth before stabilizing, and co-dimension <em>ζ</em>, reflecting directional continuity, which declines from 0.9 to 0.7. Harmonic index <em>p</em> is calibrated to a constant value of 25 via least-squares optimization, confirming its universality across varying particle sizes and layer heights. Validation against DEM data corroborates the model's accuracy in capturing force-deformation behavior, with slight deviations attributable to linear elasticity assumptions. Furthermore, this framework provides both theoretical foundations and practical methodologies for efficient macro-scale analysis. It enables seamless integration into boundary element methods, achieving significant computational economies while preserving mechanical fidelity for industrial fouling evaluation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"473 ","pages":"Article 122192"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Texture-informed, non-destructive assessment of ore comminution behaviour","authors":"Carolina Månbro,&nbsp;Jan Rosenkranz,&nbsp;Mehdi Parian","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2026.122168","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2026.122168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ore texture and mineralogy exert a dominant control on breakage behaviour, liberation, and intrinsic mechanical properties during comminution; however, extracting texture-related information in a form suitable for geometallurgical studies remains challenging. This study investigates the potential of P-wave ultrasonic velocity as a non-destructive proxy of comminution-relevant ore properties. Samples from porphyry copper, orogenic gold, and iron oxide-apatite deposits were characterised using ultrasonic pulse velocity measurements in combination with modal mineralogy, textural analysis, rebound hardness, and small-scale comminution testing. Multivariate statistical analysis reveals systematic relationships between P-wave velocity and intrinsic ore properties, reflecting variations in mineralogy, texture, and mechanical response. Microwave-treated samples further demonstrate that P-wave measurements are sensitive to defect generation and microstructural modification. These results indicate that P-wave ultrasonic velocity provides a promising, non-destructive indicator of ore characteristics relevant to comminution performance, with potential applications in geometallurgical characterisation and ore variability assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"473 ","pages":"Article 122168"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of wood powder properties: A DEM-based calibration with rotating drum experiments","authors":"Reem Khazem ,&nbsp;Julien Colin ,&nbsp;Hao Shi ,&nbsp;Joel Casalinho ,&nbsp;Dingena Schott ,&nbsp;François Puel","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2026.122157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2026.122157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Powder flowability underlies reliable solids handling, influencing dosing accuracy and production stability. Wood powders are usually cohesive and susceptible to flow problems like bridging because of their irregular, fibrous particles that are hygroscopic and heterogeneous. Two lignocellulosic powders were tested: spruce (softwood) and poplar (hardwood). Their particle size distribution, particle shape, and density were measured experimentally. Crucially, the interparticle parameters that govern powder bulk behavior, which are the cohesion energy density (<span><math><mi>CED</mi></math></span>), rolling friction coefficient (<span><math><mi>μᵣ</mi></math></span>), and sliding friction coefficient (<span><math><mi>μₛ</mi></math></span>), are not directly measurable at the scale and morphological complexity of fibrous wood particles. Therefore, using the Discrete Element Method (DEM), (<span><math><mi>μₛ</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>μᵣ</mi></math></span>, <span><math><mi>CED</mi></math></span>) were identified as effective DEM parameters by inverse calibration against rotating drum tests. A novel calibration workflow was developed to compare DEM simulations with real rotating drum experiment indicators, which can be used for unconfined, dynamic flow. These indicators correspond to newly discovered macroscopic flow descriptors that are processed from the powder bed: average projected area <span><math><mover><mi>Area</mi><mo>¯</mo></mover></math></span>, its fluctuation <span><math><mi>σ</mi><mfenced><mi>Area</mi></mfenced></math></span>, and the average surface profile irregularity <span><math><mover><msup><mi>r</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>¯</mo></mover></math></span>. Wood particles were modeled as multi-sphere clumps with different sizes to balance realism and computational cost. The calibrated parameters were: spruce—<span><math><msub><mi>μ</mi><mi>s</mi></msub></math></span>=0.10, <span><math><msub><mi>μ</mi><mi>r</mi></msub></math></span>=0.367, <span><math><mi>CED</mi></math></span>=130 kJ/m³; poplar—<span><math><msub><mi>μ</mi><mi>s</mi></msub></math></span>=0.10, <span><math><msub><mi>μ</mi><mi>r</mi></msub></math></span>=0.772, <span><math><mi>CED</mi></math></span>=100 kJ/m³. Following a comprehensive results analysis, increasing CED and friction parameters deteriorates powder unconfined flowability by promoting agglomeration and particle interlocking. The resulting calibrated DEM inputs provide a baseline for predicting and improving the handling of wood powders in hoppers, feeders, and conveying screws.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"473 ","pages":"Article 122157"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146076477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}