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Investigation into particle flow patterns during powder spreading in SLM process 研究 SLM 工艺中粉末铺展过程中的颗粒流动模式
IF 4.5 2区 工程技术
Powder Technology Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120429
Qipeng Liu , Qiuqiang Zhou , Yuehua Gao , Zheng Liu , Xihua Chu , Zhao Zhang , Yuhua Chen
{"title":"Investigation into particle flow patterns during powder spreading in SLM process","authors":"Qipeng Liu ,&nbsp;Qiuqiang Zhou ,&nbsp;Yuehua Gao ,&nbsp;Zheng Liu ,&nbsp;Xihua Chu ,&nbsp;Zhao Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuhua Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120429","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120429","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Particle flow patterns and their variation mechanism during powder spreading in selective laser melting (SLM) are comprehensively investigated based on discrete element method. Two typical particle flow patterns, circulation and discharge, are identified. The patterns are found to alternate during powder spreading, and the underlying dynamical mechanism are clarified. Variations in the particle flow state across the gap induce variations in vertical velocities of particles in front of the blade, affecting the particle flow pattern. Effect of process parameters on flow pattern is studied, and the dynamical mechanism of the effect is analyzed in depth by two newly proposed indexes. Decreasing gap height, and increasing spreading speed and blade inclination, reduce the proportion of particles moving downward in shear band and enhance inter-particle forces near the gap, thus weakening discharge and intensifying circulation. This study provides a beneficial insight into the powder flow during powder spreading in SLM process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"449 ","pages":"Article 120429"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Design and optimization of stirrer and mixer design for the correct mixing of pharmaceutical powders through DEM 通过 DEM 设计和优化搅拌器和混合器设计，以正确混合药粉
IF 4.5 2区 工程技术
Powder Technology Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120413
Nizar Salloum , Thomas Brinz , Aitor Atxutegi , Stefan Heinrich
{"title":"Design and optimization of stirrer and mixer design for the correct mixing of pharmaceutical powders through DEM","authors":"Nizar Salloum ,&nbsp;Thomas Brinz ,&nbsp;Aitor Atxutegi ,&nbsp;Stefan Heinrich","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120413","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120413","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mixing of granular materials is an important process for pharmaceutical industries. In this study, a quantifiable calculation method was suggested to determine the final mixing degree of the mixture. Based on that, the effect of the stirrer design, rotational speed, powder density, cohesivity, material ratios, and particle movement in the chamber guided through different designs of deflectors on the final mixing quality is examined. The results show that increasing the stirring speed, generates better mixing quality. However, introducing a varying rotational speed mode improves the mixing degree specially for binary mixtures with high relative densities. The improvement of the mixing with the number of contacting blades is observed. Finally, the introduction of a simple deflector drastically enhances the mixing quality and enables the feeding into the chamber, which is key for continuous operation with cohesive powders, making the process more stable and efficient by using more of the mixing volume.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"449 ","pages":"Article 120413"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Impact of grinding media shape on the dissociation characteristics and flotation behavior of coking coal middlings 磨矿介质形状对焦煤煤泥解离特性和浮选行为的影响
IF 4.5 2区 工程技术
Powder Technology Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120423
Keqi Guo , Deke Zhang , Wang Guo , Yonggai Li , Yaowen Xing , Xiahui Gui
{"title":"Impact of grinding media shape on the dissociation characteristics and flotation behavior of coking coal middlings","authors":"Keqi Guo ,&nbsp;Deke Zhang ,&nbsp;Wang Guo ,&nbsp;Yonggai Li ,&nbsp;Yaowen Xing ,&nbsp;Xiahui Gui","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120423","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120423","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effective dissociation of feed materials has a major impact on the mineral flotation recovery performance in the mineral processing field. Coking coal middlings is difficult to be effectively dissociated due to its complex internal gangue distribution characteristics. The aim of this paper is to compare and evaluate the performance of ball versus hexagonal prism media for the coking coal middlings comminution by point contact and line-surface contact. The results of the grinding tests show that hexagonal prism could result in a more uniform coal particle size distribution, less over-grinding and better selective dissociation effect comparing with ball. The results of the particle shape coefficient indicate the hexagonal prism milled product has a sphericity (<em>R</em><sub><em>s</em></sub>) of 0.90 and an elongation (<em>E</em><sub><em>W</em></sub>) of 1.69, which is more slender than the ball milled product (<em>Rs</em> = 0.94, <em>E</em><sub><em>W</em></sub> = 1.47). Flotation tests showed that the hexagonal prism milled product was more hydrophobic with a wrap angle of 185° compared to the ball milled product at 121°. Meanwhile, the TSI value of the hexagonal prism milled product is 80.500, which is lower than the 82.608 TSI value of the ball milled product, indicating that the flotation system of the hexagonal prism mill product is more stable. Under the same flotation test conditions, the combustible matter recovery rate of the hexagonal prism milled product was 5.08 % higher than that of the ball milled product.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"449 ","pages":"Article 120423"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of abrasive volume fraction on energy utilization in suspension abrasive water jets based on VOF-DEM method 基于 VOF-DEM 方法的磨料体积分数对悬浮磨料水射流能量利用率的影响
IF 4.5 2区 工程技术
Powder Technology Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120427
Changjiang Chen , Jianping Wei , Tiegang Zhang , Huidong Zhang , Yong Liu
{"title":"Effect of abrasive volume fraction on energy utilization in suspension abrasive water jets based on VOF-DEM method","authors":"Changjiang Chen ,&nbsp;Jianping Wei ,&nbsp;Tiegang Zhang ,&nbsp;Huidong Zhang ,&nbsp;Yong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Suspension abrasive water jets (AWJs) rock breaking is the kinetic energy of abrasive particle group transport and transfer. However, it is difficult to be popularized and utilized due to the high energy consumption of rock breaking. In this study, the energy transfer rate in AWJs was focused on and was investigated using numerical and experimental methods. A two-way coupled algorithm was used to reproduce the oscillation characteristics of abrasive jets velocities, indicating that not only the abrasives' velocities but also the abrasives' distribution is crucial in energy transfer rate. Different dominant factors accounting for the abrasives' velocities and distribution were identified, and two parameters were proposed to account for the energy transfer process during the jet evolution process. The optimum abrasives' volume fraction was determined based on the evolution of the energy density and ratio of abrasive kinetic energy to the total energy, which was validated by rock breaking experiments. Increasing ratio of abrasive kinetic energy to the total energy by using the method of changing the volume fraction of the abrasive is an effective method to improve the rock breaking efficiency of suspension abrasive water jets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"449 ","pages":"Article 120427"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Insights into gas-solid flow structures in fluidized beds up to 1600 °C via analysis of gas residence time distributions 通过分析气体停留时间分布深入了解温度高达 1600 °C 的流化床中的气固流动结构
IF 4.5 2区 工程技术
Powder Technology Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120426
Han Gao , Zeshi Chen , Qingjin Zhang , Liangliang Fu , Guangwen Xu , Dingrong Bai
{"title":"Insights into gas-solid flow structures in fluidized beds up to 1600 °C via analysis of gas residence time distributions","authors":"Han Gao ,&nbsp;Zeshi Chen ,&nbsp;Qingjin Zhang ,&nbsp;Liangliang Fu ,&nbsp;Guangwen Xu ,&nbsp;Dingrong Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120426","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120426","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates gas residence time distributions (RTDs) in a fluidized bed of Al₂O₃ particles at temperatures ranging from ambient to 1600 °C, focusing on the impact of temperature on gas back-mixing and flow patterns. We find that at low temperatures (up to 300 °C), gas flows in a near-plug flow pattern, represented by narrow RTD curves with early peaks. As temperature increases to 600 °C, the RTD curves broaden, featuring delayed peaks due to bubble breakup and enhanced gas drag. Between 800 °C and 1200 °C, significant deviations from plug flow emerge, driven by stronger interparticle forces and increased gas transfer to the emulsion phase. Interestingly, beyond 1200 °C, the RTD curves shift back toward plug flow, influenced by intensified interparticle forces and physicochemical changes in the bed materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"449 ","pages":"Article 120426"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
GPU based discrete element modeling for convex polyhedral shape particles: Development and validation 基于 GPU 的凸多面体形状粒子离散元素建模：开发与验证
IF 4.5 2区 工程技术
Powder Technology Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120407
Aman Mittal , Narasimha Mangadoddy , Raja Banerjee
{"title":"GPU based discrete element modeling for convex polyhedral shape particles: Development and validation","authors":"Aman Mittal ,&nbsp;Narasimha Mangadoddy ,&nbsp;Raja Banerjee","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120407","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120407","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Particle dynamics simulations face a significant challenge in understanding the intricate behaviors of convex polyhedral particles due to their complex geometries and interactions. DEM emerges as a key method, illuminating the concealed intricacies of these geometric entities. Traditional algorithms often require cumbersome processes to check each type of contact individually. However, Gilbert–Johnson–Keerthi’s (GJK) and the expanding polytope algorithm (EPA) provide efficient numerical solutions for polyhedral contact detection and contact resolution. These Minkowski difference-based methods streamline contact detection and overlap computation, paving the way for deeper exploration of three-dimensional contact theory within DEM simulations. By leveraging GPU computational power, this paper outlines key algorithmic steps and verifies the solver’s accuracy through comparison with simulated and experimental data, with an average deviation of less than 5%. This study explores the impact of particle shape on the dynamics and mechanical behavior of densely packed systems, particularly in hoppers and tumblers. Spherical particles discharge faster but mix more slowly than polyhedral shapes, with icosahedrons achieving quicker full mixing. These results align with experimental findings, further validating the simulation approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"449 ","pages":"Article 120407"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Research on adhesion properties of tidal flat soil on metal surface and discrete element simulation 潮汐平地土壤在金属表面的附着特性研究与离散元模拟
IF 4.5 2区 工程技术
Powder Technology Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120410
Xifeng Liang , Ze Hu , Yongwei Wang
{"title":"Research on adhesion properties of tidal flat soil on metal surface and discrete element simulation","authors":"Xifeng Liang ,&nbsp;Ze Hu ,&nbsp;Yongwei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120410","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120410","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The adhesion property of soil on the metal surface was tested by the orthogonal experiment with 4 factors and 3 levels based on piston pull out method. A regression model of adhesion stress and the factors including moisture content(<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>X</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>), pressing time(<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>X</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>), settling time(<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>X</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>) and separation velocity (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>X</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>) was established. The experiment results show that the influence of each factor on adhesion stress is ranked as <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>X</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub><mo>≈</mo><msub><mrow><mi>X</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><mo>≈</mo><msub><mrow><mi>X</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub><mo>&gt;</mo><msub><mrow><mi>X</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msub><mo>&gt;</mo><msub><mrow><mi>X</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mi>X</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>, and the adhesion stress shows an ‘S’ curve with the increase of separation velocity. The DEM parameters of the soil were calibrated based on the test results, and the contact and disturbance state of soil particles during the test were studied by discrete element method (DEM) using JKR model. The simulation tests show that the maximum adhesion stress occurs when the particles are about to separate from the probe surface, and the soil disturbance state is hierarchical.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"449 ","pages":"Article 120410"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Asymmetric mobilization of arching effect in granular materials: the role of fabric 颗粒材料中拱形效应的非对称调动：织物的作用
IF 4.5 2区 工程技术
Powder Technology Pub Date : 2024-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120417
Lin-Jie Deng , Bei-Bing Dai , Feng-Tao Liu , Jun Yang , Wei-Hai Yuan
{"title":"Asymmetric mobilization of arching effect in granular materials: the role of fabric","authors":"Lin-Jie Deng ,&nbsp;Bei-Bing Dai ,&nbsp;Feng-Tao Liu ,&nbsp;Jun Yang ,&nbsp;Wei-Hai Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120417","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120417","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present an experimental and DEM investigation of the arching effect by focusing on the trapdoor test, with an emphasis on the effect of fabric orientation which is created by depositing particles at various directions. The results indicate that the arching effect is the weakest when the deposition plane is oriented at <em>θ</em> = 30°, which is manifested by the largest arching ratio for the trapdoor part and the most considerable particle movement. The arching effect mobilization is found to be asymmetric, apart from the cases <em>θ</em> = 0° &amp; 90°. The arching ratio for the left bottom part is on average lower than that for the right bottom part, and the vertical particle displacement for the neighbouring zone at the left of trapdoor is comparably larger. The asymmetric mobilization of arching effect, as well as the occurrence of the weakest arching effect at <em>θ</em> = 30°, is also clarified.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"449 ","pages":"Article 120417"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of combined ferrous burden composition and ore-coke interaction on blast furnace burden distribution 综合铁料成分和矿石-焦炭相互作用对高炉炉料分布的影响
IF 4.5 2区 工程技术
Powder Technology Pub Date : 2024-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120416
Xiaohui Zhang , Nan Wang , Zongyan Zhou , Zeyao Ning , Min Chen
{"title":"Effect of combined ferrous burden composition and ore-coke interaction on blast furnace burden distribution","authors":"Xiaohui Zhang ,&nbsp;Nan Wang ,&nbsp;Zongyan Zhou ,&nbsp;Zeyao Ning ,&nbsp;Min Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The distribution of burden materials at the blast furnace throat is highly correlated with the combined ferrous burden with different mass percentages of sinter, pellet, and lump ore. In this work, the motion behavior of the burden particles was studied under different combined ferrous burden composition, and an analysis was conducted on the cooperative influence of the combined ferrous burden composition and ore-coke interaction on the burden distribution characteristics. The results indicate that the particle flow trajectory is stable when the total mass fraction of pellet and lump ore is less than 32 %. Central coke charging can minimize the radial segregation of the combined ferrous burden. At the ore-coke layer interface, the accumulation and percolation behaviors of ore particles are observed. When the pellet ratio is high, the ore particles can easily penetrate into the void structure of the coke layer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"449 ","pages":"Article 120416"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of spreader and particle properties on powder bed generation with discrete element method in additive manufacturing 在增材制造中使用离散元素法时，撒布器和颗粒特性对粉末床生成的影响
IF 4.5 2区 工程技术
Powder Technology Pub Date : 2024-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120420
Miao Liu , Xingming Yang , Zhongqiu Liu , Baokuan Li
{"title":"Effect of spreader and particle properties on powder bed generation with discrete element method in additive manufacturing","authors":"Miao Liu ,&nbsp;Xingming Yang ,&nbsp;Zhongqiu Liu ,&nbsp;Baokuan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120420","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120420","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enhancing the quality of the powder bed can significantly lower the defects in the finished product manufactured by Laser-based powder bed fusion. In this work, the multi-factor effects of particle size distribution, scraper type, laying speed, scraper and substrate separation, and non-spherical particles were investigated using the discrete element method. The results show that the powder bed created by the roller can hold the largest number of particles, with a maximum gap of 67.64 %. The scraper angle will significantly impact the force and volume of the deposited particles. Accelerating the laying speed worsens the powder disturbance and raises the impact on the scraper. Non-spherical particles have less effect than particle size, which raises the force and frequency of pushing on the scraper and the friction between the particles. In addition, the slender particles have the most significant impact on the fluidity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"449 ","pages":"Article 120420"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142592966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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