Powder Technology最新文献

{"title":"Influence of substrate surface morphology on powder spreading in laser powder bed fusion process","authors":"Yaping Wu ,&nbsp;Fuzhong Chu ,&nbsp;Chaocai Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongyu Yan ,&nbsp;Lin Wang ,&nbsp;Zongyan Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Controlling the quality of the powder bed is critical for guaranteeing component quality in laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). In this work, the discrete element method is used to examine how substrate surface morphology, including the roughness and texture angle, affects powder bed quality. The results indicate that the bed quality is more sensitive to changes in surface roughness than texture angle. Powder coverage can be improved by increasing the texture angle. The force analysis reveals that on rough surfaces, the contact force acting on the substrate has strong fluctuations. The particle-substrate contact force under the piles has an increasing-decreasing trend with the distance from the scraper increasing. In addition, the in-situ re-coating technique at a proper gap increment can effectively fill the depressions generated from the rough surface, achieving more uniform and dense powder beds. The findings provide a theoretical basis for optimizing powder-spreading strategies in LPBF process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"464 ","pages":"Article 121296"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144471987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the dynamic discharge of cuttings in slurry shield tunneling under complex working condition","authors":"Han Wang ,&nbsp;Xinpei Wang ,&nbsp;Zhipeng Zhong ,&nbsp;Wantao Ding ,&nbsp;Chengzhen Wang ,&nbsp;Zhicheng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121304","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121304","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dynamic discharge process of cuttings within the working chamber plays a pivotal role in ensuring both excavation efficiency and safety throughout the slurry shield tunneling cycle. Prior research has primarily concentrated on cuttings that are statically deposited at the base of the chamber, failing to reveal the mechanisms behind the dynamic evolution of clogging risks under complex working conditions. To address this gap, this paper incorporates actual engineering and establishes a computational model to represent the dynamic discharge of cuttings by employing the CFD-DEM approach. A systematic investigation was conducted to assess the impact of critical factors, including slurry velocity at the intake gate and scouring pipes (<em>v</em>_inlet1 and <em>v</em>_inlet2), cuttings diameter (<em>d</em>), slurry concentration (<em>sc</em>), and adhesion strength (<em>γ</em>), on the dynamic discharge behavior of cuttings. The results demonstrate that <em>v</em>_inlet1 has a markedly stronger effect on improving discharge performance during tunneling than <em>v</em>_inlet2. Cuttings with large <em>d</em> are more susceptible to inducing clogging. An increase in <em>sc</em> enhances both the kinetic energy of the cuttings and their ability to resist disturbances caused by the scouring pipes. The increase in <em>γ</em> not only suppresses the cuttings discharge, but also disrupts the stability of the process, making its transport behavior more unpredictable. These findings provide a scientific foundation for assessing the clogging risk and devising effective construction strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"465 ","pages":"Article 121304"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From waste to value: Engineering properties and failure mechanisms of green backfills utilizing molybdenum tailings, fly ash and coal gangue","authors":"Jun Li ,&nbsp;Xianzhang Liu ,&nbsp;Chang Cai ,&nbsp;Qian Su ,&nbsp;Minghao Chen ,&nbsp;Xinlong Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The sustainable reuse of industrial by-products, such as molybdenum tailings (MoTs), fly ash (FA), and coal gangue (CG), is critical for mitigating environmental risks and advancing low-carbon development. This study develops a novel green backfill material (CGMFB) using CG as aggregates and MoTs and FA as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), replacing 0 %–90 % of cement. The engineering properties, failure mechanisms, microstructure, and sustainability of CGMFB were systematically investigated through workability tests, quasi-static uniaxial compression tests combined with digital image correlation (DIC), advanced microstructural analyses (XRD, SEM–EDS, FTIR, TG-DTG, and MIP), along with carbon emission evaluations. The results show that SCMs replacement significantly influences CGMFB performance. With increasing SCMs replacement, flowability rises from 24 cm to 27.3 cm at 30 % before dropping to 24.5 cm at 90 %, while settling ratios increase from 5.98 % to 9.73 %. The 3-, 7-, and 28-day compressive strengths decrease linearly with increasing SCMs replacement, dropping from 22.97 to 3.85 MPa at 28 days. With higher SCMs replacement, CGMFB failure shifts from brittle to non-brittle, cracks become more complex, and uniaxial compression energy decreases. Microstructural analyses reveal that major hydration products, including C-S-H and C-A-S-H gels, are formed, while higher SCMs replacement leads to increased porosity. Notably, CGMFB carbon emissions decrease with increasing SCMs replacement. CGMFB-75, meeting engineering requirements, emits 66.33 % less CO₂ than CGMFB-0 without SCMs. This study demonstrates a sustainable pathway to transform hazardous industrial wastes into value-added green backfill materials, presenting a promising approach for low-carbon mining technologies and supporting circular economy initiatives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"464 ","pages":"Article 121294"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144471988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of microscopic motion and energy evolution of ballast particles by wind-blown sand penetration","authors":"Yihao Chi ,&nbsp;Hong Xiao ,&nbsp;Qiang Liu ,&nbsp;Zhihai Zhang ,&nbsp;Yingying Chen ,&nbsp;Jianbo He ,&nbsp;Mahantesh M. Nadakatti","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In desert regions, the service life of railways is threatened by wind-blown sand. To investigate the impact of wind-blown sand penetration on the micromechanical behavior and energy evolution of ballast particles, this paper conducted field dynamic testing of the track structure and proposed a new sediment concentration index calculation method. Using the “layered generation-stepwise filling” approach, a series of three-dimensional, multi-scale, high-fidelity discrete element analysis models of sandy ballast beds with different sediment concentrations were developed. The results show that at 33 % sediment concentration, the wheel-rail vertical force and dynamic bending stress of the rail rise by 19.97 % and 11.59 %, respectively, compared to those at 0 % sediment concentration. Sand penetration also modifies system vibration: peak accelerations reach 6.76 g on the rail, 3.89 g on the sleeper, and 0.76 g in the ballast bed, changing by 9.21 %, 22.33 %, and −47.22 %. The translational and rotational kinetic energy of ballast particles both first increase then decrease as sand rises, with 12 % as a critical inflection. This reflects the critical transition between the lubrication effect at the low sediment concentration and the interlocking effect at the high sediment concentration, which warrants particular attention. The potential energy of ballast particles is positively correlated with sediment concentration. When the sediment concentration increases to 33 %, potential energy increases to 996.786 J, representing an 11.37 % increase compared to the 0 % sediment concentration. These results reveal the evolutionary mechanism of sand particle filling, interlocking, and hardening, providing theoretical support for optimizing maintenance strategies for wind-blown sandy railways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"464 ","pages":"Article 121295"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144471889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrostatic response enhanced fiber filters: A long-term, low-resistance solution for particles removal in building ventilation systems","authors":"Yuebo Gao,&nbsp;Ying Sheng","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fibrous filters are commonly employed in building ventilation systems to capture airborne particles and maintain acceptable indoor air quality. Introducing electrostatic forces into fibrous filters is an effective strategy that enhances filtration efficiency while maintaining low air resistance by synergistically combining electrostatic and mechanical filtration, especially for coarse filters. In this study, polydopamine (PDA) was utilized to modify a specially structured three-dimensional (3D) woven filter, resulting in reusable, washable functional fibers with enhanced electrostatic properties for sustainable air filtration applications. By integrating functional fiber filters with a carbon-brush ionizer, an Electrostatic Response Enhanced (ERE) system was developed to enhance electrostatic interactions, thereby achieving high-efficiency particulate removal with minimal airflow resistance. The ERE system demonstrated a remarkable enhancement in performance, achieving twice the filtration efficiency of the unmodified filter while maintaining a low pressure drop of just 32 Pa at an air velocity of 2.0 m/s. According to the air filter classification standards, the ERE was upgraded to a medium-efficiency filter, representing an improvement of three levels compared to the original 3D filter. Furthermore, the ERE system demonstrated consistent filtration efficiency following cleaning for dust removal, highlighting its strong potential for practical and sustainable use in ventilation and air purification systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"464 ","pages":"Article 121289"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144471989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics and mechanism of coal rock breaking by liquid nitrogen assisted water jet impacts","authors":"Yabin Gao ,&nbsp;Junyu Hong ,&nbsp;Shaoqi Zhang ,&nbsp;Mengbo Li ,&nbsp;Gaojie Hou ,&nbsp;Ziwen Li ,&nbsp;Jinggang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121300","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;To improve the effectiveness of existing water jet-based coal rock breaking, this study proposes a novel approach: liquid nitrogen assisted water jet (LNAWJ) impact breaking. This method effectively destroys the target coal by utilizing the combined effects of low-temperature liquid nitrogen fracturing and the erosive power of the water jet. It also improves the pore and fissure structure of the coal and increases the permeability of coal seams. Using the water jet impact experimental system, a liquid nitrogen assisted water jet impact experiment was conducted to analyze the effects of varying liquid nitrogen cold impact time, rewarming time, and water jet pressures on the fracturing of coal. The study aimed to reveal the characteristics and mechanisms of LNAWJ fracturing by examining the liquid nitrogen fracturing process, the form of coal and rock fracturing, the morphology of crushing pits, and the surface strain characteristics. The results show that liquid nitrogen fracturing, combined with the strong erosive action of the water jet, effectively fractures the coal. The results show that the evolution process of liquid nitrogen fracturing in coal rock can be divided into two stages: the liquid nitrogen cold impact stage and the room temperature thermal impact stage. Both stages effectively fracture the coal. As the liquid nitrogen cold impact time and room temperature thermal impact time increase, the uniaxial compressive strength of the coal decreases, while the total length of the coal sample, fissure area, and porosity increase. Compared to single water jet impact, LNAWJ impact leads to the formation of more irregular impact holes along the fractures in the coal rock. The impact holes are more irregular in shape, and multiple main fracture surfaces form along the crushing pit, extending outward. These fracture surfaces are uneven, secondary cracks develop, and the overall crushing degree of the coal samples is higher. With an increase in liquid nitrogen cold impact time and water jet pressure, the impact of the liquid nitrogen assisted water jet is enhanced. This results in a higher number of fracture surfaces, larger impact pits, and greater crushing of the coal. Specifically, after 60 min of liquid nitrogen cold impact, the depth of the crushing pits increases by 44.44 %, and the area of the pits increases by 125.98 %, compared to a single water jet impact. Additionally, when the jet pressure is increased to 16 MPa, compared to 8 MPa, the crater depth and area increase by 65.21 % and 360.80 %, respectively. During the LNAWJ impact, the destruction of the coal rock occurs in five stages: the liquid nitrogen cold impact initiation, induced crack micro-generation, room temperature thermal impact, water jet impact, and coal crushing. Among these, the induced cracks created during the liquid nitrogen cold impact process provide pathways for the water jet to further fracture the coal, significantly increasing the cracking path and im","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"464 ","pages":"Article 121300"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144481537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of mechanism on capturing aerosol droplets of fibrous media by CFD-DEM: Effects of pore volume and suction force","authors":"Yanju Li,&nbsp;Jixin Cui,&nbsp;Yu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121288","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121288","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The capture of aerosol droplets by fibrous media is an important technique for controlling airborne pollutants. This study mainly aimed to investigate the mechanism of aerosol droplet capture by fibrous media and the effects of pore volume and the suction force acting on the liquid bridge, by means of the computational fluid dynamics–discrete element method (CFD-DEM). In this paper, a dynamic model was constructed for the capture of aerosol droplets by fibrous media, and the processes of liquid film on the surface and interior of fibrous media were simulated to form and destroy the liquid film. The results demonstrated that capture efficiency was significantly influenced by solid volume fraction (SVF) and fluid velocity. The pore volume decreased with an increase in SVF, and the liquid bridge between aerosol droplets was shortened, which prevented the bridge from becoming concave because of a drop in capillary force. The suction force decreased as the fluid velocity increased and the capillary pressure acting on the liquid bridge decreased, leading to the rupture of the bridge. Larger aerosol droplets were easily captured by fibers but not by liquid films. The dominant capture mechanisms were interception and collision. These conclusions could be used to investigate the mechanism of aerosol droplet trapping and influencing factors on capture efficiency of fibrous media in the control of aerosol droplets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"465 ","pages":"Article 121288"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144517545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controllable preparation of homogeneous nano-silica using 20 kHz ultrasonic microfluidic technology","authors":"Wei Hu ,&nbsp;Boxin Jiang ,&nbsp;Rongjia Chen ,&nbsp;Hao Tang ,&nbsp;Jingjing Li ,&nbsp;Xiaolin Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaojing Zhu ,&nbsp;Zhengya Dong ,&nbsp;Zhilin Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Uniform nano-silica, especially below 100 nm, has been widely used in the biomedical field due to its excellent physical and chemical properties. However, reducing particle size below 100 nm, reaction efficiency and optimizing monodispersity remain significant challenges for the traditional Stöber method, common 20 kHz ultrasonic process, as well as microchannel technology. A 20 kHz ultrasonic microreactor (USMR) was applied to improve the traditional Stöber method to meet the above challenges in this study. The effects of ammonia dosage, tetraethyl silicate (TEOS) dosage, USMR power, and reaction residence time on the hydrodynamic particle size (PS) and polydispersity index (PDI) of nano-silica were investigated. The morphology, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and crystal structure of nano-silica were characterized by scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer, thermogravimetric analyzer, and X-ray diffractometer, respectively. As a result, the prepared nano-silica particles are regularly spherical with uniform PS. The USMR power and residence time both affect the PS and morphology to some content. More importantly, the PS and the morphology of nano-silica were dominated by the dosage of ammonia and the dosage of TEOS, respectively. Under optimal conditions, the hydrodynamic PS of nano-silica prepared was 100 nm, while PDI reached 0.069, and the corresponding PS of dry silica was measured to be 55.1 ± 2.1 nm by using SEM. The results show that the PS and uniformity of spherical nano-silica can be controlled by reaction conditions using 20 kHz ultrasonic microfluidics technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"464 ","pages":"Article 121290"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144471986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Degradation of methyl orange in water using RPB-prepared iron nanoparticles and persulfate","authors":"Chia-Chang Lin ,&nbsp;Ruo-Chi Huang ,&nbsp;Kuan-Yi Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121301","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121301","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A rotating packed bed (RPB) with blade-packing and the liquid-phase reductive precipitation means were utilized to prepare iron nanoparticles. Methyl orange (MO) in water was degraded using the RPB-prepared iron nanoparticles as an activator of persulfate. The degradation of MO in the RPB-prepared iron nanoparticles/persulfate process was greatly fitted by the pseudo-first-order kinetics. The higher initial rate of degradation of MO was associated with lower pH, a larger dose of iron nanoparticles, or a higher sodium persulfate concentration. More MO was degraded at lower pH or a higher sodium persulfate concentration. Increasing the dose of iron nanoparticles from 0.007 g/L to 0.056 g/L enhanced the degree of degradation of MO in 20 min but further increasing the dose of iron nanoparticles to 0.112 g/L reduce the degree of degradation of MO in 20 min. According to radical quenching tests at pH 3, SO₄•⁻ contributed more than HO• to the degradation of MO in the RPB-prepared iron nanoparticle/persulfate process. At 25°C, pH 3, a dose of RPB-prepared iron nanoparticles of 0.028 g/L, a sodium persulfate concentration of 0.24 g/L, and an initial MO concentration of 10 mg/L, the degree of degradation of MO in 20 min was 93%, which markedly exceeded that (47%) achieved using iron nanoparticles that were prepared using a batch reactor with persulfate under the same operating conditions. Therefore, RPB-prepared iron nanoparticles with persulfate effectively degrade MO in water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"465 ","pages":"Article 121301"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144548916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical investigation of abrasive water jet impact force characteristics by using the coupled SPH-FEM method: Considering the shape, the interaction and the fragmentation of abrasive particles","authors":"Huan Li,&nbsp;Jingbin Li,&nbsp;Zhongwei Huang,&nbsp;Chenrui Guo,&nbsp;Hao Wang,&nbsp;Wenbin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The abrasive water jet (AWJ) is a modern material machining method. In this study, an AWJ-material interaction model that considers the shape, interaction and fragmentation of abrasive particles was developed based on the coupled smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) and finite element method (FEM). Firstly, the theoretical model of jet impact force is utilized to verify the precision of the numerical model, and error of the jet impact force between the numerical and theoretical model is 6.87 %. Then, the mean AWJ impact force, fluctuation degree of AWJ impact force and water impact force ratio during the AWJ material interaction process are investigated. Finally, the effects of the abrasive particle radius, abrasive mass concentration, impact velocity, impact angle and target shape on the AWJ impact force characteristics are revealed. The results deepen the understanding of the AWJ-material interaction process and are beneficial for improving the energy efficiency of the AWJ operation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"465 ","pages":"Article 121287"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144517542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}