IBT Journal of Business Studies最新文献

{"title":"Performance of Microfinance Providers in Sindh, Pakistan: A Study of Formal and Informal Microfinance Institutes","authors":"G. Tunio","doi":"10.46745/ILMA.JBS.2020.16.01.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46745/ILMA.JBS.2020.16.01.11","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to analyze the performance of microfinance providers of the Sindh province of Pakistan. For this purpose, the formal and informal microfinance institutes were selected. Data was gathered from a sample of 150 managers of microfinance banks and institutions. In this research, the random sampling technique is used to collect the data through questionnaires. The OLS regression model is employed to analyze the data. The results of this study show that the number of branches, and less number of defaulters significantly affect the performance of microfinance institutes in Sindh, Pakistan. Moreover, the total cost also has an important relationship with the performance of microfinance organizations in Sindh. However, the study finds the interest rate, and more diversified financial services to have no significant impact on the performance of microfinance organizations. Due to the lack of financial information of the microfinance institutions in Sindh, there is dearth of the research on the performance of microfinance institutions. Rather than using only the published financial information this study relies on the information provided by the managers of the microfinance providers for the analysis. The results of this study have implications for the well-functioning of microfinance institutes, and for the government to achieve the poverty alleviation objectives in Pakistan","PeriodicalId":407267,"journal":{"name":"IBT Journal of Business Studies","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133006243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Financial Development on the Cost of Capital: Evidence from Pakistan","authors":"A. Javaid","doi":"10.46745/ilma.jbs.2022.18.02.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46745/ilma.jbs.2022.18.02.02","url":null,"abstract":"This study adds to the body of knowledge by empirically examining how financial development affects the level of cost of capital of the firms listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange. This paper applies pooled regression model to the panel data of 150 non-financial firms listed on the Pakistan stock exchange from 2005 to 2017. The aggregate index of financial development and the two sub-indices namely financial market development and financial institutional development are used as measures of financial development; however, the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is used as a measure of the cost of capital. We found that the cost of capital is likewise inversely correlated with financial development. Our study confirmed that financial market and institutional development are also very negatively correlated with the weighted average cost of capital. These results imply that the level of financial development in the country lowers the average cost of financing as financial development improves governance mechanism, reduces information asymmetry, and risk diversification, mitigates economic uncertainty, and promotes liquidity provisions through stock market development. The empirical evidence of this research is potentially helpful to corporate managers, financial analysts, investors, and policymakers","PeriodicalId":407267,"journal":{"name":"IBT Journal of Business Studies","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133225651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Financial Inclusion and Fin-Tech on Financial Sustainability: Empirical Evidence- Emerging and Frontier Markets","authors":"Asif Shahani","doi":"10.46745/ilma.jbs.2022.18.02.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46745/ilma.jbs.2022.18.02.04","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this research is to explore the impact of financial inclusion on financial sustainability via emerging markets. And to explore the role of fin-tech in boosting the financial sustainability of these markets. Many countries on the globe have been facing financial dilemma which have stunted its economic growth and have resulted in their lagging behind other countries. One of the most prominent factors attributed to the current financial state is the lack of personal financing, mainly due to lack of financial inclusion, effecting financial stability of the economy of these countries. Many different countries have emerged of the economic growth list with their continuous efforts and smart policies, related to smooth running of commercial banks via Fin-Tech. Fin-Tech is the aspect suggested by most researchers in their research. However, the relationship between financial inclusion and financial sustainability via emerging markets, is mainly not taken into consideration. Therefore, the aim of this research is to put a focus towards this expect. The method chosen to carry out the quantitative study is online, related to the three (3) main variables to measure their relationship and effect on each other and there twenty-one (21) indicators.","PeriodicalId":407267,"journal":{"name":"IBT Journal of Business Studies","volume":"354 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122798545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laohavichien Model of Leadership And Quality For Pakistan. What It Is And Why It’s Important For SMEs","authors":"N. Saif","doi":"10.46745/ilma.jbs.2019.15.02.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46745/ilma.jbs.2019.15.02.04","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives; Leadership become one of the most important topic among behavioral scientist and management researchers. The current research study try to investigate the relationship between transactional, transformational styles of leadership in paying way for Quality Management (QM) Practices in Khyber Pakhtoon Khwa SME’s sector. For this purpose, data was collected from manufacturing sector through adapted version of questionnaires. In first stage CFA was conducted to remove item having lower loading. In the next stage through SEM analysis was performed. Results indicate that During CFA analysis most of the components of the adopted construct were removed due to poor fit model. As a result, the original concept of the adopted construct was renamed on the basis of retained factors. During SEM analysis the hypothetical relationship were partially supported, and results indicate that for the smooth functioning of manufacturing sector of SME’s it is strongly recommended to adopt the modern techniques of QM practices that must be alien with international standards. However, in Pakistan cultural set up its results are quite different. And it’s open new way of research in theory of Leadership.","PeriodicalId":407267,"journal":{"name":"IBT Journal of Business Studies","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121246858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxic leadership and collective organizational engagement: Does employee voice mediate the effect?","authors":"","doi":"10.46745/ilma.jbs.2021.17.01.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46745/ilma.jbs.2021.17.01.02","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing upon the theory of planned behavior, this study aims to observe the role of employee voice in abating the impact of toxic leadership on collective organizational engagement. The performance of the firm is highly dependent on employee engagement and leadership plays a vital role in engaging employees towards collective goals. This study used the snowball sampling technique to collect data from the Pakistan service sector. A self-reported questionnaire was used to collect data from the said sector, the sample size was 223 employees working in telecommunication, banks, and insurance companies. Thus, literature proposes that the phenomenon of toxic leadership exists at every workplace and has negative effects on the organization. Previously toxic leadership has been studied only as a predictor of negative outcomes only. Therefore current study argues that even though toxic leadership decreases the collective organizational engagement, however, this relationship can be transformed via employee proactive voice behavior. Results obtained through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) show that although leaders’ toxicity disengages employees at the workplace they look engaged. Structural relation of toxic leadership with employee voice has proved significant which indicates that employee raises voice against the leader’s bad behavior; it keeps them engaged as they perceive organization cares their voice. Thus, this study recommends that employee voice behavior should be promoted at the organization to neutralize the toxic leadership effect on collective organizational engagement. Present study where advances the literature on toxic leadership has practical implications for the managers as well. As toxic leadership overshadows the effects of positive leadership thus to avoid the negative effects of toxic leadership; top management should promote collective engagement through employee voice behavior to accomplish firm performance. Presently this study attempts to enrich the literature by empirically testing the proposed relationship and also provided future insights on toxic leadership to the researchers.","PeriodicalId":407267,"journal":{"name":"IBT Journal of Business Studies","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114673143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organizational Justice Theory and Media Professional Performance during COVID-19","authors":"Taha Shabbir","doi":"10.46745/ilma.jbs.2021.17.01.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46745/ilma.jbs.2021.17.01.05","url":null,"abstract":"Sudden outbreak of COVID-19 has been emerged as threat to employee performance and so for the media employees. It has shown quite challenging effect on aworker's in-role and extra-role performance. Theprimary objectiveto write this paper is to determine the correlation between media workers perceptions of organizational performance and its success. Impact of organizational justice as a moderator is addressed. We selected a convenience sample of 222 media professionals. Responses were gathered using closed-ended questionnaires. The solutions were evaluated using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling. The result indicates that the Perceived organizational support has a meaningful role on media workers morale during COVID-19 times. Likewise, corporate fairness plays a key role in establishing a link among perceived organizational support and employee performance. Corporatesthat wanted their employees to succeed must ensure that organizational assistance and fairness are maintained in all organizational operations. Corporation backing and perceived support help to build employee trust and encourage them to work hard. Organizational support in the workplace has a greater effect on achievement. The study examined the non-linear relationship between employee and job performance among media professionals within the context of COVID-19. Corporate expect an increasing reliance on corporate resources to overcome difficulties during these times.","PeriodicalId":407267,"journal":{"name":"IBT Journal of Business Studies","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128098916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Impact of Occupational Stress on Female Nurses Performance in National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi","authors":"Zulfiqar Ali","doi":"10.46745/ILMA.JBS.2020.16.01.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46745/ILMA.JBS.2020.16.01.05","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to evaluate the effect of factors of occupational stress on the performance of NICVD nurses.In this concern, the research design of the study was quantitative, therefore, a close-ended survey-questionnaire was used. The factors included long-duty hours, perfectionism, high stakes, lack of choice, emotions draining situation and little support from the management while the dependent variable was employee performance. The researcher accumulated data from 287 female nurses and analysed it using correlation and regression.Based on the accumulated data, it was inferred that the variables, including long-hours duty, little support from management and lack of choice were found to be highly significant in affecting the performance of female nurses working at NICVD. However, the study was limited to the geographical bounds of Karachi and the specific institute considered in this aspect was the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD). Nonetheless, it is significant as there was no research conducted on NICVD, Karachi specifically prior to this research underpinning occupational stress in female nurses.","PeriodicalId":407267,"journal":{"name":"IBT Journal of Business Studies","volume":"217 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132551260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empirics of Agricultural Production: Comparison of Instrumental Variable and Two Stage Least Square Approach","authors":"Asif Z. Warsi, Athar Iqbal","doi":"10.46745/ilma.jbs.2019.15.02.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46745/ilma.jbs.2019.15.02.05","url":null,"abstract":"The study uses data for a set of 81 countries from World Development Indicators from year 2002 to 2015 while applied 2SLS and Instrumental variable approach to estimate the coefficients associated with standard production function of agricultural production and compares its results with the coefficients obtained through OLS. The argument behind this approach that in the standard form, capital is likely to be endogenous in the production function and if it is true, the coefficients obtained through OLS would be inconsistent. Capital is found to be endogenous in the study. It is also noticed as endogeneity exist in our framework and the causal relationships can be controlled through instrumental variable approach (I.V.). The coefficients from I.V approach and 2SLS are compared with OLS estimates. I.V and 2SLS coefficients are found to be slightly different however, the obtained coefficients through both approaches are more reliable than the coefficients obtained through OLS. It is suggested therefore that the approaches like I.V approach and 2SLS should be employed in the studies pertaining to this area of research.","PeriodicalId":407267,"journal":{"name":"IBT Journal of Business Studies","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115701902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Entrepreneurial Motivation on Women Entrepreneurial Performance through Entrepreneurial Efficacy: Moderated by Resilience","authors":"F. Bashir","doi":"10.46745/ilma.jbs.2021.17.01.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46745/ilma.jbs.2021.17.01.03","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of the Study: The paper arguments to investigate how ladies business visionaries in Pakistan are overseeing their businesses and gathered courage to work within the setting of Covid-19. The paper hunt for to elucidate how women through their motivation and entrepreneurship self-efficacy are maintaining their entrepreneurial performance due to their resilience. Research Approach/ Methodology: This paper receives the positivist approach utilizing PROCESS by Hayes in SPSS. Information was collected from ladies entrepreneurs working in twin cities of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Findings – Findings of the current study have revealed that Pakistan being a collectivist culture serves as a source for women to seek support from their social relations from within their own families but there are a lot of problems on the flip side due to their family responsibilities and stereotypes associated with role of women in the family. The findings further uncovered the role of resilience of the women entrepreneurs that is needed to adapt especially in times of crises to accomplish their entrepreneurial expeditions. Originality – This research paper subsidizes to a very less addressed area which is a second glass ceiling in the world of entrepreneurship. It sheds light to make women visible in developing society in context of the new normal during ongoing pandemic. The paper also explains how the gender role stereotypes act as a hurdle in path of a women entrepreneurs and the role of family support if present in curbing the effect of such hurdles.","PeriodicalId":407267,"journal":{"name":"IBT Journal of Business Studies","volume":"7 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130294188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Landscaping of Shopping-Mall on Customer Preferences: A Qualitative Study of Shopping Malls located in Karachi  ","authors":"S. Nasim, Musarrat Shamshir","doi":"10.46745/ilma.jbs.2019.15.02.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46745/ilma.jbs.2019.15.02.02","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims at finding the impact of landscaping variables such as interior design, decor and other atmospheric variables of shopping malls on the customers’ preferences and purchase intentions. The research is descriptive in nature and is conducted on the shopping malls of the Karachi; a metropolitan city of Pakistan. Data is gathered through interviews of the customers who visited shopping malls frequently. Semi structured questionnaire and content analysis of interviews is used for the analysis of the results. The findings of this study specify that variables like hygiene, aroma, lighting, and display/layout have significant impact on customers’ purchase intention; whereas temperature, music and color found to be insignificant variables.","PeriodicalId":407267,"journal":{"name":"IBT Journal of Business Studies","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116496549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}