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Journal of Jewish Languages最新文献

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Practices and Challenges in Documenting Endangered Jewish Languages: A Researchers’ Forum 记录濒危犹太语言的实践与挑战：研究人员论坛
IF 0.3
Journal of Jewish Languages Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1163/22134638-bja10047
Sarah Bunin Benor, Ofra Tirosh-Becker
{"title":"Practices and Challenges in Documenting Endangered Jewish Languages: A Researchers’ Forum","authors":"Sarah Bunin Benor, Ofra Tirosh-Becker","doi":"10.1163/22134638-bja10047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22134638-bja10047","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This forum brings together nine researchers to offer their perspectives on the process of language documentation. Questions include how they find speakers, how they conduct their research, and what linguistic data and metadata they collect. We asked about practical and scholarly issues that have arisen in their fieldwork, including speakers avoiding stigmatized linguistic features and exhibiting influences from Modern Hebrew. Some of the points apply specifically to Jewish languages, and others are generalizable to endangered language documentation or even linguistic research more broadly.</p>","PeriodicalId":40699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Jewish Languages","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Letter to the King 致国王的一封信
IF 0.3
Journal of Jewish Languages Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1163/22134638-bja10046
David Torollo
{"title":"A Letter to the King","authors":"David Torollo","doi":"10.1163/22134638-bja10046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22134638-bja10046","url":null,"abstract":"Many of the Jews who were expelled from Iberia in the fifteenth century settled in North Africa. More than 400 years later, Moroccan Sephardic Jews in Fes would engage with Spain again. In this article, I present an unpublished document of historical interest: a letter written in Judeo-Arabic in 1905 by the Jewish community of Fes and addressed to the Spanish king, Alfonso <jats:sc>XIII</jats:sc>, asking for financial support to build a Spanish school in the <jats:italic>mellāḥ</jats:italic> of the city. Sephardic Jews in the region had preserved Spanish traditions, claimed to be part of that culture, and, perhaps more importantly, demanded to be protected by it. I take this letter, whose edition, translation, and images are included, as a vantage point for exploring the linguistic, social, and political situation of Sephardic Jews in Fes at the turn of the last century.","PeriodicalId":40699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Jewish Languages","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Letters of the Geonim as a Source of Epistolary Linguistic Forms in Modern Hebrew 作为现代希伯来语书信语言形式源泉的吉奥尼姆书信
IF 0.3
Journal of Jewish Languages Pub Date : 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1163/22134638-bja10045
Ruth Stern
{"title":"The Letters of the Geonim as a Source of Epistolary Linguistic Forms in Modern Hebrew","authors":"Ruth Stern","doi":"10.1163/22134638-bja10045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22134638-bja10045","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The writing formulas in official letters in Modern Hebrew are often identical or similar to the formulas revealed in the Geonic letters. This article presents these similar formulas with two purposes in mind: 1) to illustrate the significance of the Interim Period for the formation of Modern Hebrew; 2) to show that the continuity of the use of the Hebrew language throughout history was a major factor that allowed the revival of Modern Hebrew.</p>","PeriodicalId":40699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Jewish Languages","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141552545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“This Is Called Ḥaliq”: On the Etymology of a Jewish Food Term "这叫 Ḥaliq"：关于犹太食品术语的词源学
IF 0.3
Journal of Jewish Languages Pub Date : 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1163/22134638-bja10039
Noam Sienna
{"title":"“This Is Called Ḥaliq”: On the Etymology of a Jewish Food Term","authors":"Noam Sienna","doi":"10.1163/22134638-bja10039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22134638-bja10039","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Descriptions of the Passover evening service in Gaonic writings of the late ninth and early tenth centuries include the word <em>ḥaliq</em> as an alternative term for <em>ḥaroset</em>, a sweet and sour dipping sauce made from fruit and nuts. Through a diachronic view of <em>ḥaroset</em> in both the Greco-Roman context of the rabbinic Passover meal and the ʿAbbasid context of Gaonic Judeo-Arabic writing, I argue that the etymology of <em>ḥaliq</em> should be derived ultimately from the Latin <em>allec</em>, referring to a fermented fish sauce that was an essential ingredient of the dipping sauces from which <em>ḥaroset</em> evolved. I conclude with a survey of how <em>ḥaliq</em> (and words derived from it) was maintained as a term for <em>ḥaroset</em> in Jewish languages around the world from the Middle Ages until the present day.</p>","PeriodicalId":40699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Jewish Languages","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141552544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Contact-Induced Change in the Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialects 接触引起的犹太新阿拉姆方言变化
IF 0.3
Journal of Jewish Languages Pub Date : 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1163/22134638-bja10036
Geoffrey Khan
{"title":"Contact-Induced Change in the Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialects","authors":"Geoffrey Khan","doi":"10.1163/22134638-bja10036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22134638-bja10036","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this article, I present an introductory overview of the Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialects, followed by a study of various aspects of contact-induced change that are exhibited by these dialects. Neo-Aramaic dialects were also spoken by Christian communities in the same region. The Jewish and Christian dialects differ from one another, even where the two communities lived in the same geographical area. I show that contact-induced change was generally more advanced in Jewish <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">NENA</span> dialects than in neighboring Christian dialects. I also demonstrate that a study of contact-induced changes provides evidence of the migration history of the communities. I present two case studies of differing degrees of convergence with contact languages and evidence of different migration patterns. These are (i) the Jewish and Christian <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">NENA</span> dialects of Urmi (northwestern Iran) and (ii) the Jewish and Christian <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">NENA</span> dialects of Sanandaj (western Iran).</p>","PeriodicalId":40699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Jewish Languages","volume":"133 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141547325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
When Yiddish Was Written in Latin Letters 当意第绪语用拉丁字母书写时
IF 0.3
Journal of Jewish Languages Pub Date : 2024-05-02 DOI: 10.1163/22134638-bja10043
Oren Cohen Roman
{"title":"When Yiddish Was Written in Latin Letters","authors":"Oren Cohen Roman","doi":"10.1163/22134638-bja10043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22134638-bja10043","url":null,"abstract":"Although Yiddish was traditionally written in Hebrew letters, texts in this language were also recorded using Latin characters in various circumstances, times, and places. These texts offer valuable information regarding pronunciation traditions and shed light on the processes of cultural history and sociolinguistics that acted as catalysts to their preparation. Various studies have discussed this phenomenon, yet they usually focus on one specific reason for using the Latin alphabet, such as ideological Romanization or linguistic adequacy. The following article offers for the first time a descriptive survey of the entire corpus, from the Early Modern Era to the present day. Paying close attention to the orthography used and the variety recorded, this article discerns within the studied corpus distinct categories reflecting the religious, linguistic, and ideological backgrounds of the texts’ authors and intended readers as well as technical factors pertaining to print. It also highlights the crucial role of the Hebrew alphabet in Yiddish culture.","PeriodicalId":40699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Jewish Languages","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140830840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Imitation Is the Most Sincere Form of Mockery: Mock Jewish English in Online Extremist Communities 模仿是最真诚的嘲弄形式:在网络极端主义社区中模仿犹太英语
IF 0.3
Journal of Jewish Languages Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1163/22134638-bja10041
Rachel McCullough
{"title":"Imitation Is the Most Sincere Form of Mockery: Mock Jewish English in Online Extremist Communities","authors":"Rachel McCullough","doi":"10.1163/22134638-bja10041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22134638-bja10041","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article examines the use of Mock Jewish English (<span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">MJE</span>) among members of the modern far right as a means of perpetuating ideologies centered around antisemitic canards originating from the 19th and 20th centuries. In order to investigate <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">MJE</span> as an act of language crossing, I examine the 900+ million token Unicorn Riot subcorpus of the Corpus of Digital Extremism and Conspiracies (CoDEC). Following this analysis, I describe the linguistic features of <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">MJE</span> when it is used as ventriloquation, specifically the lexical and phonological features employed by the white supremacist parody advice show, <em>Dear Rabbi</em>. In my analysis, I find that these two strategies of <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">MJE</span> are used by members of the far right to spread antisemitic ideologies, further the semantic pejoration of Jewish lexical borrowings, and covertly affiliate themselves with one another in public spaces (via language crossing) or distance themselves from Jewishness (via ventriloquation).</p>","PeriodicalId":40699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Jewish Languages","volume":"121 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138505685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Introduction: Imitating  Jewish Speech 导言：模仿犹太人的语言
IF 0.3
Journal of Jewish Languages Pub Date : 2023-11-20 DOI: 10.1163/22134638-bja10042
{"title":"Introduction: Imitating  Jewish Speech","authors":"","doi":"10.1163/22134638-bja10042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22134638-bja10042","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Jewish Languages","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139254827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“I Was the Only Goyim There”: Linguistic Imitation and Socialization among Sephardic New Mexicans “我是那里唯一的非犹太人”:西班牙系新墨西哥人的语言模仿和社会化
IF 0.3
Journal of Jewish Languages Pub Date : 2023-11-20 DOI: 10.1163/22134638-bja10038
Sarah Leiter
{"title":"“I Was the Only Goyim There”: Linguistic Imitation and Socialization among Sephardic New Mexicans","authors":"Sarah Leiter","doi":"10.1163/22134638-bja10038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22134638-bja10038","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article explores linguistic imitation as a strategy of socialization. It focuses on the ethnographic context of New Mexico’s Jewish community, which some Hispanic New Mexicans are beginning to join after discovering their Sephardic, or Iberian Jewish, ancestry. Although several are choosing to formally ‘return,’ or convert, to Judaism, they often feel unwelcome in the community and, therefore, do not always have interlocutors who might help to linguistically integrate them. In this context, they adopt various strategies for learning community language norms, including imitating the speech of veteran community members and reproducing Jewish English as learned from books and internet resources, even if doing so results in non-normative usages. They may also use elements of Yiddish to mirror language used within the local Jewish community, positioning themselves as Sephardic through the use of an Ashkenazi language.</p>","PeriodicalId":40699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Jewish Languages","volume":"129 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138505684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Jewish Speech in Early 19th-Century Greek Comedy 19世纪早期希腊喜剧中的犹太人讲话
IF 0.3
Journal of Jewish Languages Pub Date : 2023-11-17 DOI: 10.1163/22134638-bja10040
Julia G. Krivoruchko
{"title":"Jewish Speech in Early 19th-Century Greek Comedy","authors":"Julia G. Krivoruchko","doi":"10.1163/22134638-bja10040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22134638-bja10040","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The article introduces the historical context of multilingual comedy by Greek writers of the early 19th century in Asia Minor, then an Ottoman realm. The author analyzes two passages from <em>Erotomaniac Chatziaslanis</em> and <em>Monsieur Kozis</em> containing Modern Greek dialects, Karamanlidika, Judeo-Spanish, Judeo-Turkish, and Judeo-Greek. The analysis shows that Jewish characters prefer to communicate in Judeo-Turkish. Both plays actively utilize (Jewish and non-Jewish) linguistic varieties for stereotyping and comedic purposes.</p>","PeriodicalId":40699,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Jewish Languages","volume":"99 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138505663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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