Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine最新文献

{"title":"THE BARMAKY, LEVEL 2 EPIGRAVETTIAN ASSEMBLAGE: THE CORE REDUCTION STRATEGIES","authors":"V. Chabai, D. Dudnyk","doi":"10.37445/adiu.2022.04.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2022.04.02","url":null,"abstract":"The Barmaky cultural deposits accumulated under the harsh climatic conditions of the periglacial zone at about 19 kyr cal BP. It is difficult to overestimate the meaning of lithic raw material supply as a component of the technological organization of mobility patterns of hunter-gatherer groups. The applied core reduction strategies are an integral part of the technological chain of raw material management. The two discrete core reduction strategies were defined for the flint assemblage of Barmaky, level 2: blade and bladelet / micro-blade. The former is based on the reduction of the sub-, cylindrical and narrow flaking surface cores; the latter is based on the exploitation of the narrow flaking surface cores. The blade cores were the source of lamellar products for the «domestic» toolkit; the bladelet / micro-blade cores reduction aimed at the insets for distant weapons.","PeriodicalId":406948,"journal":{"name":"Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127475914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TECHNOLOGICAL AND TYPOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE UNIT 1 LITHIC ASSEMBLAGE FROM MEZHYRICH SETTLEMENT","authors":"O. I. Tsvirkun, P. Shydlovskyi","doi":"10.37445/adiu.2022.04.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2022.04.03","url":null,"abstract":"Mezhyrich is an Epigravettian open air base camp dated to 14.9—14.3 ka 14C BP (i. e. between 18.2 and 17.4 ka 14C cal BP), inserted in a loessic sedimentary context, situated on a cape formed by the valleys of the Ros and Rosava Rivers about 12 km west from the Dnieper River (Kaniv District, Cherkassy Region). The settlement consists of four household Units, each of which represents a concentration of functionally different objects with mammoth bone dwelling in the center. In the studies of the objects of Unit 1 several stages are distinguished. The first is the excavation of dwelling 1 under the scientific supervision of I. H. Podoplichko in 1966. The second is a typological and statistical studies of the lithic assemblage conducted by M. I. Gladkikh in the 1970s—2000s. The third is new excavations of the Unit 1 objects, typological and technological analysis of flint artifacts in 2006—2010. The fourth, from 2010 to the present day, is the continuation of excavations within the boundaries of the Unit 1, technological, typological, and statistical analysis of the materials of the assemblage. \u0000The article considers the conditions of research of Unit 1, the spatial and stratigraphic context of the assemblage objects’ location, typological, statistical and technological features of flint products obtained as a result of excavations in the last 12 years. The analysis of the distribution of finds together with stratigraphic observations allows us to assert the presence of at least two anthropogenic layers and, accordingly, residential surfaces on the territory of this Unit. Planigraphic features demonstrate the functional specialization of various parts of the interior and exterior space of the dwelling 1. \u0000The provided analysis makes it possible to determine the degree of technological affinity of the Upper Palaeolithic sites. The studied flint assemblage comes from a relatively closed archaeological site and can serve as a benchmark for the comparative studies of different lithic industries. The article analyzes the features of flint sets separately from the excavations of dwelling 1 and the area of the cultural layer to the south of it. The difference in the typological and statistical characteristics of both complexes demonstrates peculiarities in the economic behavior of the residents. The data on the spatial distribution of flint products from other Mezhyrichian household units are characterized by common features in the organization of living space. Such behavioral patterns of prehistoric inhabitants require the search for more distant analogies of the industry both within the frames of the Mezhyrichian, and in general among the East European Upper Palaeolithic.","PeriodicalId":406948,"journal":{"name":"Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128608896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FLINT RAW MATERIALS ON THE UPPER PALEOLITHIC SETTLEMENT ANETIVKA 2 IN THE GRANITE-STEPPE AREA OF THE SOUTHERN BUG REGION","authors":"A. V. Hlavenchuk","doi":"10.37445/adiu.2022.04.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2022.04.06","url":null,"abstract":"In modern research of the habitats of people of the late Paleolithic, mainly mineral raw materials and products were removed from the cultural layer, as they are the least susceptible to destruction over time. Archaeological site Anetivka 2, is located in the granite-steppe area of the Southern Bug, allows to present the width and intensity of use of mineral row matireals. During the excavations, about 2000 m2 of the site area was studied and a huge collection of stone and bone products, faunal finds was collected. The age of the site according to radiocarbon dating is 18—19 thousand years, which corresponds to the maximum of the last glaciation. The production complex of Anetivka 2 is characterized by the presence of a complete cycle of flint splitting: from split pebbles and nucleus to ready-made tools and hunting weapons. The flint industry of the site represents a spectacular feature of Epigravettian. \u0000The industry of stone knapping and production of tools and hunting weapons at the site Anetivka 2 is based on the flint raw materials. The flint has a different quality and different degrees of patination. The flint raw materials that had been brought to the settlement of Anetivka 2 for use were of different sizes, primary and secondary occurrence, in the form of nodules, pebbles, tiles. The flint has different geological origin: from the layers of both the Upper Cretaceous and Sarmatian age. Widespread local flint (the so-called «Bakshalsky», such as Anetivka 13) is mainly in the form of nodule. To the recent, the outcrops of such flint can be observed near the confluence of the river Bakshala in the river Southern Bug. Flints, like other minerals from Anetivka 2, provides an example of the use of both local, nearby, easily accessible raw materials and stone raw materials that were delivered from afar. \u0000The mineral raw materials of Anetivka 2 (including flint) have been studied for many years by a geologist and petrographer Victor F. Petrun (both in the field and laboratory — macroscopic and microscopic studies using a polarizing microscope). In 1991—1994, Victor F. Petrun, was a direct participant in the Anetian Paleolithic expedition, which explored the site of the Anetian region.","PeriodicalId":406948,"journal":{"name":"Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128397564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CEMETERY OF THE COSSACK AGE ON THE MIDDLE DNIEPER","authors":"I. Hotun, A. Petrauskas","doi":"10.37445/adiu.2022.02.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2022.02.21","url":null,"abstract":"In 2006, the Stayky team of the Northern Expedition of the Institute of Archaeology discovered the multi-layered settlements on the edge of the plateau north of the village and on the Dnieper islands opposite it and carried out the rescue excavations of the well-known center including the various settlements and a Cossack cemetery. The materials of the settlement structure have already been published, as well as the exploration of the historical and cultural heritage of the settlement. The paper describes the results of research of the cemetery. \u0000During the campaign ca. 250 m2 of area with 26 burials made according to the canons of Christian rituals have been unearthed. They have no grave goods, except, probably, of burial 16, just below of which a coin blank or demonetized product and a silver Riga solid from the Baltic possessions of Sweden, minted in 1653 by Queen Christina, were found. The absence of other synchronous materials in the layers of the site allows to connect these finds not with the settlement structures but with the cemetery. And the single artifacts of previous ages, collected in two graves, belong to the surrounding layer. \u0000Despite the partial destruction of some burials by the quarry and the damage of shallow pits by further household activities it was observed that the skeletons laid supine with arms crossed on the chest or abdomen, although during skeletonization the arms could move to the pelvis and along the body. Certain deviations are noted in the position of the head and lower jaw in particular. \u0000The graves are 0.35—0.90 m deep, the deceased were directed with the head to the west with a slight deviation to the south, usually associated with the seasonal place of the Sun above the horizon. Gender and age differences have not been traced by the depth or direction of burials, although a higher concentration of graves, possibly a family plot, was found in one of the excavation area. Mutual overlaps of burials are few, although the damage of some graves with a moving of bones was observed. Processing of anthropological materials by specialists allowed to trace the peculiarities of ethnic features and physical development of the inhabitants of the site.","PeriodicalId":406948,"journal":{"name":"Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123001808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE RESEARCH OF THE BURIAL GROUND OF 11th—12th CENTURIES IN CHERNIHIV","authors":"O. Motsia, V. Skorokhod, V. Zhyhola, Yu. M. Sytyi","doi":"10.37445/adiu.2022.02.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2022.02.20","url":null,"abstract":"The materials of archaeological research in 2020 on the territory of the mound and moundless necropolises belonged to the Old Rus Chernihiv are examined and analyzed in the paper. \u0000This is the area on the border of suburb and the territory beyond it, where the remains of a barrow necropolis (11th century) and the moundless burial ground (city cemetery of the 11th — mid-13th centuries) were discovered. \u0000The barrows which were visible as early as the 18th century, belonged to the first stage of the burial ground functioning. \u0000A total of 65 moundless burials were discovered. Judging by individual cases of cutting some graves by later ones we can confidently talk about the duration of the existence of the moundless burial ground in this area. The discovery of the rim of a pot of the 12th century and fabric from the collar may indicate the burials in the 12th century as well. Thus, the site was used for at least 200 years. During this time, the barrow mounds were significantly leveled, the external signs of moundless burials of the 11th century disappeared from the surface but the site continued to be used. \u0000It is noteworthy that burials in the moundless necropolis are mainly without grave goods which is characteristic of the Christian tradition. The find of the pendant with the image of a trident is of great interest. It belongs to the official two-sided pendants of the end of the 10th — the first half of the 11th century and were used as the badges of officials of the princely apparatus. Judging by the features of the images of tridents on the obverse and reverse, the period of use of the pendant covers the reigns of Mstislav and Yaroslav Volodymyrovyches.","PeriodicalId":406948,"journal":{"name":"Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116333824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXPLORATION OF THE FORTIFICATION OF ANNALISTIC VOLODYMYR IN 2018","authors":"S. D. Panyshko, A. Petrauskas, I. O. Chorny","doi":"10.37445/adiu.2022.02.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2022.02.14","url":null,"abstract":"For the first time in the history of archeological research in Volodymyr the cross-section of the ramparts of «Valy» hill-fort were made. According to external morphological features the hill-fort belongs to the «Volyn type», and most researchers consider it to be remains of the citadel of annalistic city. There is no direct evidence of the latter but the available written sources directly indicate the location of the brick castle of Casimir the Great in the 14th century and the later wooden-earthen headman’s castle. Just the main task of the work was to ascertain the conformity of the ramparts to these objects. \u0000The internal structure of the rampart was explored by laying a stepped trench measuring 2 × 11 m at the end of the rampart at the place of its gap (entrance to the territory of hill-fort). The cross-section made it possible to record the stratigraphic column of layers and backfills for more than 6 m long and to ascertain the general picture of the rampart construction. \u0000It was learned that the embankment of the rampart was carried out above the level of the cultural layer which occured on a yellow homogeneous loess-like loam (possibly the virgin soil). The generalization of the layers traced above for 5.96 m allows us to identify three of their main groups which probably reflect the sequence of erecting of the rampart at this area. \u0000The first large-scale backfill, which formed the basis of the embankment, was traced in the square 5. It consisted mainly of yellow loess-like loam with inclusions of limestone fragments. \u0000The middle part of the embankment was explored in squares 2—4, where the complex stratigraphic sequence of various layers and strata have been traced, which, in addition to loess-like yellow loam with limestone fragments, included the larger backfills of dark gray sand with inclusions of yellow loam and the same soil with inclusions of debris. \u0000Finally, the upper part of the embankment, explored in the square 1, consisted of dark gray humused sand with inclusions of clay and charcoal. Since this layer contained a lot of pottery of the Late Middle Ages, it is possible that this is a filling of the late medieval building inserted into the embankment. \u0000The research revealed material from different times, dating from the Bronze Age to nowadays. The dating of the embankment of rampart is indicated by the findings of late medieval pottery in its middle part. They confirm the written reports about the construction of a wooden-earthen headman’s castle in the 15th century. \u0000Some structural features of the rampart are in good agreement with historical data. In particular, the first backfill at the base of the embankment of yellow loess-like loam had significant inclusions of fragments of limestone, which may be the remains of the masonry of the walls of Casimir the Great castle, dismantled in 1370. \u0000Dating the construction of rampart to the 15th century indicates that the explored hill-fort was not the citadel of Old Volodymyr. On th","PeriodicalId":406948,"journal":{"name":"Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128585307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NEW LOOK TO THE FIRST GLASSMAKING WORKSHOP DISCOVERED IN KYIV PODIL","authors":"N. Khamaiko, O. Y. Zhurukhina, M. Hun","doi":"10.37445/adiu.2022.02.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2022.02.04","url":null,"abstract":"In 1950 V. A. Bohusevich carried out the first stationary excavations in Kyiv Podil which unearthed the archaeological sites with remains of ironwork, glasswork and woodworking. One of them, an assemblage with the remains of glass processing was interpreted as a workshop where bracelets, rings and smalt were made. It was dated by a copper coin of Alexei Comnenus to the years of his reign — 1081—1118. However, despite such a craft complex was found in Podil for the first time, and despite the extreme lack of archaeological data on the only workshop, previously known in Kyiv thanks to the excavations of Vikentiy Khvoika in 1907-1908, publications were limited to brief mentions of it, leaving its complex of finds out of the context. \u0000The collection of finds from V. A. Bohusevich excavations as well as field documentation and the excavation report are stored in the Institute of Archaeology of the NAS of Ukraine which allows to refer to the source base. The paper provides the publication of this complex of finds at the first time, and interpretation of the material in the light of modern archaeological concepts. The attention, first of all, is directed to two main categories of finds, which are the glass and fragments of pottery, the most numerous in the collection. Both of these categories as well as the amphorae fragments highlight the analogies in later archaeological complexes than previously thought. Well-dated archaeological features show the similarities with materials from the 12th and 13th centuries. This allows us to refine the dating of this assemblage towards a later one. \u0000We cannot conclude confidently that the glass manufacture was located here because these conclusions require certain evidence, such as a glass-making furnace, raw materials, remnants of production, and rejected products. The remains of the real glass furnace have not been found in situ as well as most of the other components. However, given the presence of certain materials such as: bricks with riveted liquid glass, fragments of trading glass, bracelets of certain types and colors with the same size ratio, it may indicate that a certain glass-making complex may have been located nearby.","PeriodicalId":406948,"journal":{"name":"Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine","volume":"206 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123053939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE MAIN MILESTONES OF THE ARHAEOZOOLOGICAL STUDIES IN UKRAINE","authors":"A. V. Stupak, S. Gorbanenko","doi":"10.37445/adiu.2022.02.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2022.02.25","url":null,"abstract":"The primary focus of this research is the history of archaeozoological studies in Ukraine. Like every scientific branch, the development of archaeozoology has the stages of its beginning, generation, and separation of individual scientific discipline. The rise of scientific interest in the evolutionary process and fossil fauna at the end of the 19th century promote the investigation of the faunal remains of the relative modern geological period — Quaternary. The large number of ungulates faunal remains of this period was found on archaeological sites. \u0000Olexandr Brauner, was the first zoologist who worked with the faunal remains from archeological sites of Kherson region. As an archaeozoologist, V. Gromova actively participated in the research of faunal collections from the different archaeological sites of Ukraine. She compiled the almost first atlases of mammals anatomy for archaeozoologists. \u0000Ivan Pidoplichko is the founder of the archaeozoological school in Ukraine. His professional career began from organization of the working group of archaeozoologists to the head of the Paleozoological department of the Institute of Zoology of Academy of Sciences of UkrSSR (now Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology). Ivan Pidoplichko also is the founder of the National Museum of Natural history which is one of the centers of archaeozoological studies. Well known archaeozoologists such as V. Bibikva, N. Bilan (Tymchenko), N. Kornijetz, V. Topachevski, P. Puchkov, and O. Zhuravliov worked under the lead of Ivan Pidoplichko. In the 1970s O. Zhuravliov started to work in the Institute of Archaeology Academy of Sciences of the UkrSSR. During the last two decadesYe. Yanish, M. Kublij, T. Bitkovska, A. Stupak and O. Seniuk joined archaeozoological studies. The current archaeozoology studies in Ukraine are still developing.","PeriodicalId":406948,"journal":{"name":"Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114492963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE HEAT UNIT TYPES AND THE FIRING TEMPERATURE IN THE PEOPLE OF ROMNY CULTURE","authors":"Yurii Puholovok","doi":"10.37445/adiu.2022.02.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2022.02.16","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with the firing process of Romny culture ceramics. One of the key operations in the manufacture of pottery is the thermal effect on it. Firing is the last stage in pottery production when ceramics acquire the necessary physical properties and become suitable for use in various household needs. \u0000Analysis of the source and the results of interdisciplinary research allows us to identify the thermal facilities used for this process. It is also possible to determine the firing temperature of handmade pottery. \u0000It can be argued that Siverians handmade pottery burned mainly in fires and kilns. Ordinary household stoves were not used for this purpose. The firing was carried out mainly without temperature exposure, for a short time, at low temperatures. This assumption is supported by the color of the shard at the break, as well as the presence of organic matter traces or unmelted prints of organic on ceramic. Despite the fact that clay products were burned at relatively low temperatures during the period under study they were used in everyday life. The firing temperature of Romny culture ceramics had limits between 450 and 550 °С, in some cases reaching 600—800 °С. \u0000The use of pottery kilns had to be followed by a special firing regime. The time of their appearance probably lies within the 9th century, but this date needs to be clarified. Somewhat later, in the 10th century two-chamber kiln structures appeared on the Siverians settlements. The spread of such kilns is associated with the influence of the Khazar Khaganate population. The appearance of special kilns indicates a certain increase in economic and production potential, which leads to the beginning of the allocation of pottery in a separate branch of the craft.","PeriodicalId":406948,"journal":{"name":"Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125484276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EXCAVATIONS OF V. A. BOHUSEVYCH IN CHERNIHIV IN 1947 AND 1949","authors":"Yu. M. Sytyi","doi":"10.37445/adiu.2022.02.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2022.02.02","url":null,"abstract":"The excavations of V. A. Bohusevych in Chernihiv in 1947 and 1949 are analyzed in the paper. In the first year, the work was carried out on the terrace of the Desna River — on the Сitadel (the Dytynets), Okolny Grad and near the Eletsky Monastery. On the Сitadel V. A. Bohusevych looked for the remains of a barrow cemetery and did not watch the pits of buildings deepened into earth. In 1949, the expedition managed to explore the pits of the buildings not only on the Citadel (as it was in 1947) but also on other areas in its eastern part. Works were widely carried out in the Okolny Grad which allowed to obtain materials about the planning of this part of the city outscirt. Excavations have been carried out near the Eletsky Monastery. The results of different years of research allow us to compare them and draw the conclusion — in the process of expedition participants gained some archaeological experience, began understand better the structure of the cultural layer and filling the pits of buildings. The shortcomings in the work of the head of expedition can be explained by the lack of archaeological experience in working with the «dry» cultural layer. Before the war, V. A. Bohusevych worked in Pskov and Novgorod and dealt with «wet» cultural layers and the remains of land structures. \u0000Each archeological site has its own characteristics and each researcher, starting the work, develops the methods, learns to understand these features and enriches his experience in the research process. In archeology there are no direct ways to accumulate new knowledge. New materials refute false theories, and their verification allows us to increase our understanding of the development of various parts of Chernihiv, to open new pages in its history. \u0000The first years of research by V. A. Bohusevych in Ukraine were this very period of accumulation of new knowledge, which he lacked due to low-quality training caused by poor state of archaeological science in the prewar period.","PeriodicalId":406948,"journal":{"name":"Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130749260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}