Humanitarian: actual problems of the humanities and education最新文献

{"title":"Approaches to Study the Categorial System","authors":"Z. A. Aksyutina","doi":"10.15507/2078-9823.057.022.202201.083-096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2078-9823.057.022.202201.083-096","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The current state of scientific knowledge has new specific features that facilitate generalizations, including when working with categorical systems. The research problem lies in the need of science and practice in the presence of scientifically grounded categorical systems. The purpose of the article is to describe the possibilities of scientific approaches in the formation of a scientifically grounded categorical system. Materials and Methods. In the development of categorical systems, it is necessary to search at the level of a general methodology where there is reliance on philosophical scientific approaches to research. Results. The categorical, systemic and holistic approaches proposed by the author for the study of categorical systems are presented. In research, the system and integrity must be considered as characteristics, fundamental properties and attributes of categories. At the same time, an integral object should be characterized in spatial and temporal organization. The categorical system is understood as a specially developed form of organization of scientific knowledge, which allows to represent objects in a holistic way through given meaningful relations in the totality of their interaction. Discussion and Conclusion. The methodological foundations of the study have been determined, which serve as guidelines for further research of the categorical system: categorical, systemic and holistic approaches. To describe the categorical system of social education, a classification of categories is proposed, based on two criteria: the appointment of a category and the mechanism of formation of a category. The system-forming features of the description of the categorical system have been determined.","PeriodicalId":406854,"journal":{"name":"Humanitarian: actual problems of the humanities and education","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125665726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Moral Education in the Process of Mastering Knowledge","authors":"Evgeniy V. Mochalov, Zhanna V. Chashina","doi":"10.15507/2078-9823.057.022.202201.064-073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2078-9823.057.022.202201.064-073","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article draws attention to the historically established types of knowledge. It is noted that the development of a technogenic society objectively requires a moral component in the process of acquiring knowledge. The purpose of the article is to substantiate, within the framework of a hierarchically subordinate approach, the connection between theoretical and practical components in the learning process. Materials and Methods. The theoretical and methodological basis is the concepts of Thomists and Neo-Thomists. The matrix is a hierarchically-subordinate approach, which presupposes the formation of both stable knowledge in the corresponding academic discipline in the learning process, and the mechanisms of the formation of a moral personality. Causal-genetic and axiological methods are used as tools. Results. The article argues that the application of the analyzed approach is an effective way to acquire knowledge and transform it for the development of a moral and creative personality. The main conceptual provisions of the considered approach are highlighted, which allows, on the one hand, to form the pedagogical skill of the teacher in the framework of training, on the other hand, to change the student’s value system, developing an interest in knowledge and moral perfection. Discussion and Conclusion. The practical significance of the research focused on the formation of a personal value system is emphasized. The conditions for the practical implementation of the proposed methodology, which occupies an adjacent position between the motivational and educational aspects of the educational process, are indicated.","PeriodicalId":406854,"journal":{"name":"Humanitarian: actual problems of the humanities and education","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122992935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attitude to Secular Culture in the Context of Social Teachings of Christian Churches (Church and Law Dimension)","authors":"E. Koval","doi":"10.15507/2078-9823.057.022.202201.052-063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2078-9823.057.022.202201.052-063","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Questions of Christian churches attitude to various forms of secular culture are reflected in church legal sources, which are specific for each faith. The peculiarities of the interaction of churches and secular culture at the present stage of the development of society are considered, as a rule, in the structure of social doctrines. The social teachings of the churches are recorded in various types of documents that have a normative nature. The aim of the study is to identify the similarities and differences in attitudes towards various phenomena of secular culture in Orthodoxy, Catholicism and Protestantism, expressed in the social teachings of the main Christian denominations. Materials and Methods. The combination of systemic and comparative approaches made it possible to compare the specifics of the attitude of various Christian churches to modern secular culture, interpreted as a social phenomenon. As research materials, the normative acts of Christian churches are used, which set out the main provisions of their social teachings and doctrines. Results. Both similarities and differences are found in the positions of the Christian churches regarding secular culture. On the one hand, the importance of this phenomenon and the need for a dialogue with the world of secular culture are emphasized. But, on the other hand, there are differences in such issues as understanding the nature of secular culture, attitude to secular culture, forms of collaboration between the Church and the state in the area of secular culture, as well as believers’ tasks and opportunities in the area of secular culture. Discussion and Conclusion. The highlighted features of the attitude of Christian churches to modern secular culture, recorded in the normative documents, make it possible to form an idea of the prospects for the dialogue of churches with the world of culture. The main conclusions and provisions of the study can be used in the construction of civilized mechanisms of such a dialogue, which make it possible to minimize the negative consequences of conflicts caused by the clash in the public space of different ideological and value positions demonstrated in relation to certain cultural forms and artifacts.","PeriodicalId":406854,"journal":{"name":"Humanitarian: actual problems of the humanities and education","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115921473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Political Euphemisation: a View From Social Philosophy","authors":"N. S. Savkin","doi":"10.15507/2078-9823.057.022.202201.074-082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2078-9823.057.022.202201.074-082","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. In conditions of a dosed democracy, the radically thinking scientific intelligentsia uses a special way of presenting material – political science euphemization and Aesopian language to express sufficiently sharp criticism of the existing system of authority. In politics, euphemisms are used to hide the true content of an article or book in order to mislead the reader. Research Methods. In the process of research the dialectical materialistic and synergistic methods were used, which made it possible to draw objective, scientifically grounded conclusions about the possibility and need to overcome the shortcomings in the ineffective applications of scientific achievements, about the need to stimulate the activity of young scientists, and take a set of measures to overcome the poverty of a part of the population. Of particular concern is the process of the formation of a modern system of education for a whole generation of people, whom academician V. B. Betelin called simulacra. Discussion and Conclusion. The expected effect of a critical analysis of the phenomena of euphemism and the use of the Aesopian language in scientific research and scientific communities, overcoming the non-interference of scientists in politics is the desire of state structures, branches of government to activate the policy of improving the educational system, strengthening the fundamental function of the state – to teach, heal and protect their citizens. Simulacrum is a term that is rarely used by our domestic philosophy, since this particular emerging generation of people is a matter of a possible future. Nevertheless, it requires close attention.","PeriodicalId":406854,"journal":{"name":"Humanitarian: actual problems of the humanities and education","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130836750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socio-Philosophical Analysis of the Spiritual and Moral Potential of the Individual","authors":"Dina B. Кazantseva","doi":"10.15507/2078-9823.057.022.202201.038-051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2078-9823.057.022.202201.038-051","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. In the rapidly changing conditions of modern life, only a person who realizes his spiritual and moral potential is able to act outside the box, make quick decisions in conditions of risk, and take responsibility when solving especially difficult group and intergroup problems. In this regard, it is highly relevant to carry out a conceptual analysis of the concept of spiritual and moral potential and study its influence on the integral process of self-realization of the individual. The purpose of the article is to examine the spiritual and moral potential of an individual as the basis of his self-realization in the contradictory conditions of Russian society. Materials and Methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was the cultural-historical approach, the activity approach, the normative-value concept of social action, the epigenetic theory of personality development by E. Erickson, the theory of social attitude, the humanistic approach. The transdisciplinary approach allowed the metatheory of various scientific disciplines to be generalized by philosophical judgments. Results. Spiritual and moral potential is a phenomenon, the consideration of which is possible under the condition of combining secular and philosophical-religious paradigms that explore their side of a single being. Spiritual “something” penetrates into the deep and potential, manifesting itself in the form of an essential spiritual force that allows a person to self-realize their potential. Spiritual and moral potential becomes a realizing essential principle that creates a spiritual basis for the existence of an individual and society. In the socio-cultural space, determined by moral norms, the potential and the mental, the spiritual and the moral are combined, the dichotomies of the internal and the external are removed, the personality is self-determined, and, identifying with the spiritual, reaches the heights of being. Discussion and Conclusions. Of great importance is the need for Russians to return to the origins of their civilization, the basis of which is the essential spiritual, which actualizes the spiritual and moral potential and reproduces the spiritual and moral models of behavior, which are psycho-protective mechanisms for regulating life, the basis of the cultural security of the people. In this regard, in Russia it is necessary to create a spiritual resource space that contributes to the actualization and self-realization of the spiritual and moral potential of the individual and the formation of a new type of personality – a “self-actualizing person” who achieves transcendence, overcomes crises by integrating all aspects of life.","PeriodicalId":406854,"journal":{"name":"Humanitarian: actual problems of the humanities and education","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114727216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Student Migration in Terms of Social and Philosophical Reflection","authors":"M. Ryabova","doi":"10.15507/2078-9823.056.021.202104.394-404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2078-9823.056.021.202104.394-404","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Student migration exists over the whole period of society development and by the second half of the 20th century it is becoming a mass social phenomenon. A constant society complication under influence of information technologies gives student migration other forms. Considering the fact that student migration is a component part of unified educational process, its separate stages make actual differentiation of migrant students mobile behaviour, including localization of living environment, educational institution, educational activities and the interactive nature of training. The objective of the article is to attempt to explicate the phenomenon of student migration in the field of social philosophy, to consider its accompanying positive and negative aspects in the prism of distant context. Materials and Methods. The methodological basis of the study is interdisciplinary approach which allows to distinguish and describe the relationship of the phenomenon under study. Solution of research problems was provided by critical analysis intercomplementary methods and by interpretation of social reality phenomena based on the dialectic idea of removing the one-dimensionality of cognition of the globalizing educational space. The Results. The peculiarity of student migration was revealed consisting in 1) in the restriction of free movement in space; 2) in the forced relocation to the virtual reality of the digital format, which caused the imaginary territorial mobility; 3) in the weakening of direct contact with the host educational environment, leading to dissonance with the existing state of things; 4) in strengthening the cross-border nature of education, which allows to expand international cooperation with different countries. Discussion and Conclusions. Expected effect of student migration distant forms realization consists in a new interpretation of the subject of the universal, changing the attitude to migration. The media resonance that occurs everywhere contributes to the formation of prerequisites for a positive perception of the image of a migrant. Academic mobility caused by today’s modification of reality, was determined by the digitalization megatrend of educational institutions, which affected all aspects of life. Remote technologies have mitigated the problem of migrants’ adaptation to another cultural environment, neutralized the consequences of socio-cultural stress, which is usually experienced by the subject of both external and internal migration. Practical experience of remote forms realization of work with the subject of educational migration has shown the indisputability of universal involvement in the movement to a new type of knowledge production, the most important role in which is played by pragmatic situativeness and the powerful presence of digital environment tools.","PeriodicalId":406854,"journal":{"name":"Humanitarian: actual problems of the humanities and education","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128129027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of Self-Actualization of Specialists with Various Professional Orientations","authors":"Z. G. Garanina, Alyona I. Lashina","doi":"10.15507/2078-9823.056.021.202104.439-454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2078-9823.056.021.202104.439-454","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article analyzes the problem of self-actualization and professional orientation of specialists in various fields. A theoretical study of the problem of self-actualization has shown that it is a specific form of cognitive creative activity, involving the identification, study and assessment of one’s capabilities and implementation in the profession. Materials and Methods. The article presents the results of an empirical study of self-actualization and professional orientation of specialists of various profiles using a set of methods: the questionnaire “Diagnostics of self-actualization of the personality of A. V. Lazukin” (adapted by N. F. Kalin); test to determine the professional orientation of the personality of J. Holland; methods of diagnostics of socio-psychological attitudes of a person in the motivational-need-sphere of O. F. Potemkina; methods of statistical data processing: Mann – Whitney U-test, correlation analysis. Research Results. Statistically significant differences were revealed between the indicators of self-actualization, motivation and professional orientation among specialists from different professional groups. The correlation relationships between the types of professional orientation and various scales of self-actualization and attitudes in the motivational-need-sphere of representatives of various professional groups have been revealed. It was found that the features of self-actualization, values, motives and needs of specialists are largely due to the specifics of their professional activities and the type of professional orientation. The desire for self-actualization, creativity, spontaneity, self-understanding, contact and flexibility in communication is most pronounced among specialists with a social and entrepreneurial type of orientation, whose activities provide opportunities for creative self-expression. Discussion and Conclusion. The results obtained confirm the assumption that the desire for self-actualization of specialists is largely due to their professional orientation and the specifics of their professional activities.","PeriodicalId":406854,"journal":{"name":"Humanitarian: actual problems of the humanities and education","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132448622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local Rural Holidays of Russian Peasants as a System of Sacred Communication (based on the materials of the Nizhny Novgorod region)","authors":"O. Galtseva","doi":"10.15507/2078-9823.056.021.202104.367-383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2078-9823.056.021.202104.367-383","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article proposes a worldview approach for typologizing local religious holidays of the rural population of the Nizhny Novgorod region, in which they are considered as a system of communication between the human collective and the divine. Results. The life of the Russian peasant was built up in a constant dialogue with the divine, the mediators of this dialogue were the patron saints of the community, communication with whom was carried out through local holidays established in their honor. Various forms of celebration correlated in the worldview of Russian peasants with different reasons for turning to the patron saints, which allowed the author to distinguish two types of local religious holidays that differ in their functions: petition holidays and thanksgiving holidays. Discussion and Conclusion. The system of local religious holidays was not only an accessible mechanism of religious practices for Russian peasants, but also a traditional way of life support. The holidays of supplication and the holidays of thanksgiving, complementing each other in a number of functions, were closely connected with the life of the peasant community. The former was responsible for earthly goods and united people using common natural resources in religious communication, the latter ensured the spiritual kinship of members of tribal groups united in a single veneration of their patron saint. Every significant event in the secular and spiritual life of the peasant world found its expression in the local holiday calendar.","PeriodicalId":406854,"journal":{"name":"Humanitarian: actual problems of the humanities and education","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130872080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traditions of the Old Believers and the Fate of the Russian World in the XXI Century: Cultural and Philosophical Aspect","authors":"A. Shirshov","doi":"10.15507/2078-9823.056.021.202104.429-438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2078-9823.056.021.202104.429-438","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Questions of continuity and cultural conservatism of the Russian society of the Modern era are one of the problems of the research in this article. The author suggests that the Old Russian religious and moral heritage was not completely destroyed by the Nikon church reforms in the Moscow state. The purpose of the article is to consider the diversity of forms of Russian religiosity in the context of the development of traditions of Russian society. Materials and Methods. In modern conditions, interest in religion and Old Believers continues to grow, as a rich cultural heritage of Russian society. Therefore, the appeal to the texts of the past in the philosophical method of dialogicality, hermeneutics, and a comprehensive analysis of the works of the Old Believers allows us to identify all the features of the heritage of the past of Russia. Results. The positions of the ethical and aesthetic consciousness of the schism teachers worried many Russian philosophers of the “Silver Age” era. The dramatic nature of the situation was that there was no complete reconciliation between the parties to the split in Russian spiritual thought. Discussion and Conclusion. Many of the ideas of Protopop Avvakum, one of the leaders of the Old Believers in Russia, continue to be relevant to the present day. The questions of the moral and socio-cultural identity of the Russians as the “last Orthodox kingdom” are of an eschatological nature. Many aspects of ritualism and rite-believing are preserved among the Russian people and among many Russian and foreign communities of believers. The confessional culture of the Old Russian epoch remains a mystery for many modern researchers and is of an actual nature, since many aspects of this problem remain poorly studied. The subject of the analysis of the influence of Old-Belief traditions on the fate of the spirituality of the Russian people is important.","PeriodicalId":406854,"journal":{"name":"Humanitarian: actual problems of the humanities and education","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125168462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of Churches in the Mordovian Villages of the Alatyrsky District in the Second Half of the XVII – XIX Century","authors":"O. I. Mariskin","doi":"10.15507/2078-9823.056.021.202104.356-366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15507/2078-9823.056.021.202104.356-366","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The study of the features of the confessional and socio-cultural development of peoples and individual regions of the Russian state is one of the important research tasks. Results and Discussion. At the end of the XVII century the village of Novotroitskoye of the Alatyrsky district became the first Mordovian Christian settlement of the region, in which the new Christians, protected from oppression, began to live, who were an example for their tribesmen in the adoption of the Orthodox faith. From the middle of the XVIII century in many Novokreschen villages of the region, a chapel was initially built, in which a priest was determined to serve. Then money was allocated for the construction of the church. In the XIX century active construction of Orthodox churches continued on the territory of the Alatyrsky and Ardatovsky districts of the Simbirsk province: instead of outdated and dilapidated church buildings, new ones were built, and parish churches were opened in populous villages. Conclusion. The Christening of a Mordva and opening of churches became an important step in strengthening of Orthodoxy and autocracy in the region, have played a positive role in spiritual and moral education of the people, have left a noticeable mark in education development. To acceptance of christianity there was a sociocultural integration of a mordva into structure of the Russian Empire.\u0000\u0000On the other hand, the commonality of the Orthodox religion was one of the factors in the development of assimilation processes among the Mordovian people.","PeriodicalId":406854,"journal":{"name":"Humanitarian: actual problems of the humanities and education","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125594437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}