International Business & Economics Research Journal最新文献

{"title":"The Effect Of The Relationships Between Organisations And Their Suppliers On The Implementation Of Purchasing Marketing Strategies","authors":"M. Iršič","doi":"10.19030/IBER.V4I8.3612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/IBER.V4I8.3612","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with different factors determining relationships of large Slovenian organisations (with over 500 employees) with their strategic suppliers and their influence on the frequency of implementations of purchasing marketing strategies. The factors dealt with are: the quality of the relationship between the organisation and its strategic supplier (suppliers activities, attractiveness of supply for the organisation and the competitive position of the organisation on the supply market), bargaining power of the organisation with respect to the supplier (the organisation's risk orientation, its orientation towards cooperation and the size of its bargaining power) and the quantity of the relationship (the size of transactional assets). The research showed that large organisations in Slovenia are unlikely to develop such purchasing marketing strategies characteristic of the so-called relationship marketing with their strategic suppliers, with which they have long-term business relationship. The influence of measured factors on the frequency of the implementation of individual purchasing marketing strategies exists, with a stronger impact of factors with short-term effects on the organisation; hence the surveyed organisations are still more oriented towards reaching short-term efficiency instead of long-term success.","PeriodicalId":406250,"journal":{"name":"International Business & Economics Research Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130656927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The connection between culture and organizational behavior","authors":"S. Treven","doi":"10.19030/IBER.V4I7.3606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/IBER.V4I7.3606","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents various approaches to studying cultures of different countries. The starting point is the Hofstede's dimensions of cultural values as well as Hall's approach to high- and low- context cultures and Trompenaars model of cultural differences. After that the interaction between culture and organizational behaviuor is discussed. A special attention to the impact of culture on motivation of employees, communication, conflict resolution and organizational changes is given.","PeriodicalId":406250,"journal":{"name":"International Business & Economics Research Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127686603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Value Orientation Of Jamaicans Compared To Students In The United States Of America","authors":"Barbara Dastoor, Edeta Roofe, B. Mujtaba","doi":"10.19030/IBER.V4I3.3579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/IBER.V4I3.3579","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates differences in the value orientation of Jamaican students who live and study in the US for an extended period compared to Jamaican students in Jamaica and US students to see if there is support for the theories of convergence, divergence and crossvergence given the effects of globalization on different countries. Dorfman and Howel’s (1988) scale, which measures Power distance, Uncertainty avoidance, Collectivism, Masculinity and Paternalism, assessed value orientation in this study. The results reveal that there are no differences between Jamaican students in Jamaica and those in the US that suggests strength in the Jamaican culture as Jamaicans live in the US. However, there was only one significant difference between Jamaican students in the US and the US students; uncertainty avoidance was significantly higher for the former. This supports divergend or retaining one’s distinctive cultural orientation despite ongoing interaction over time. There was no difference between US students, Jamaicans in US and Jamaican universities on all other dimensions. This lends support to convergence or merging of cultures.","PeriodicalId":406250,"journal":{"name":"International Business & Economics Research Journal","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134536768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Methodology For Developing And Testing The Effectiveness Of Using Entrepreneurial Skills And Supply-Side Innovations To Improve The Performance Of Small And Medium Sized Enterprise","authors":"N. Ekanem","doi":"10.19030/IBER.V5I6.3481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/IBER.V5I6.3481","url":null,"abstract":"The study identified and took stock of the supply-side resources, which can be harnessed for entrepreneurial development in Nigeria. Although there is a considerable gender gap in entrepreneurial development, the study reveals that there is a considerable desire for private sector-driven entrepreneurial development, supported by a large pool of highly educated and relatively young entrepreneurs, who may be responsible for the enormous growth in the number of new businesses formed since 1990. Future studies and government empowerment policies should be directed to addressing the problem of the limited management and technological orientations identified in this study to enable funding initiatives to be beneficial.","PeriodicalId":406250,"journal":{"name":"International Business & Economics Research Journal","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125199650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pattern Of Short-Term Volatility Accentuation Within The Trading Day: An Investigation Of The U.S. And European Equity Markets","authors":"Deniz Ozenbas","doi":"10.19030/IBER.V5I2.3454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/IBER.V5I2.3454","url":null,"abstract":"Trading friction leads into accentuated stock price volatility over the short term. As such, short-term accentuated volatility can be viewed as symptomatic of a market with increased inefficiencies in the price discovery process. If price discovery is marked by price swings, runs and reversals, then short period (intra-day) volatility is heightened in that market. In this study, we use return series with various differencing intervals that are as short as half-hour and as long as two weeks to investigate the short-term volatility accentuation in five different equity markets: the Nasdaq Stock Market and the New York Stock Exchange in the US, and the London Stock Exchange, Deutsche Boerse and Euronext Paris in Europe. In all these markets, we investigate the individual stocks that make up a major index during the calendar year 2000. Variance-ratio statistics are employed to investigate the quality of these five markets. Results confirm an intra-day reverse J-shaped pattern of half-hour volatility in these markets. The evidence also suggests an accentuation of volatility during longer periods, such as 24-hour intervals. This accentuation appears to subside when we extend our differencing interval to longer periods such as one-week or two-week returns.","PeriodicalId":406250,"journal":{"name":"International Business & Economics Research Journal","volume":"2012 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125989466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Developments In Selected Asian Countries Bankruptcy Laws: Should Multinational Company Strategists Be Concerned?","authors":"Jane Lemaster, C. Downey, Francis J. Brewerton","doi":"10.19030/IBER.V6I10.3414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/IBER.V6I10.3414","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explains why multinational companies should be concerned about adjudication of international insolvencies. The Territorialism and Universalism Models of bankruptcy law are reviewed and employed as a backdrop to describe recent developments in the insolvency laws of four Asian nations. We conclude with an assessment of the status of the selected Asian nations insolvency laws, progress toward a uniform global system for resolving multinational insolvencies, and the strategic implications these developments hold for strategy formulation.","PeriodicalId":406250,"journal":{"name":"International Business & Economics Research Journal","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129041171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Quest For Effective Vision: Evidence From Australia","authors":"Sooksan Kantabutra, G. Avery","doi":"10.19030/IBER.V6I10.3412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/IBER.V6I10.3412","url":null,"abstract":"While leaders are widely exhorted to espouse visions, very little is known about what characterizes \"effective\" visions. A research model was tested to examine relationships between seven literature-derived vision attributes (brevity, clarity, future orientation, stability, challenge, abstractness, and desirability or ability to inspire) and content (customer and staff satisfaction imageries), and the performance outcomes of customer and staff satisfaction in retail stores in Sydney, Australia. Extending previous research, literature-derived Store Manager, Staff and Organizational Factors were simultaneously taken into account. Findings endorse the importance of espousing a vision characterized by the seven attributes, while vision content rendered no significant effects. The Store Manager and Staff Factors were found to create a significant impact on store performance, whereas the Organizational Factor was not significantly related to store performance.","PeriodicalId":406250,"journal":{"name":"International Business & Economics Research Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123570292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Cultural Values, Professional Engineering Cultures, and Technology on International Joint Ventures in Mexico and the United States","authors":"R. Nieves, B. Mujtaba","doi":"10.19030/IBER.V5I9.3504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/IBER.V5I9.3504","url":null,"abstract":"Recent economic developments and changes in international trade relations are increasing the number of international joint ventures that are managed by professional engineers. This trend has created a need for a greater understanding of the interaction and effect of values, culture, and technology in a multicultural environment on the likelihood of success and the performance of international joint ventures. This study discusses the cultural values, professional engineering cultures, and the effect of technology on the values of engineering managers and subordinates and how these factors affect the formation, structure, and outcomes of international joint ventures in Mexico and the United States. Furthermore, the results of this study are obtained from the Hofstede’s Value Module Survey and the Schwartz’s Value Survey to distinguish between the Mexican and United States’ cultures.","PeriodicalId":406250,"journal":{"name":"International Business & Economics Research Journal","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127206675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethics And Executives: A Cross-Cultural Comparison Of Japan, Taiwan, And The United States","authors":"Chun-Chieh Huang, B. Mujtaba, F. Cavico, R. Sims","doi":"10.19030/IBER.V5I7.3488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/IBER.V5I7.3488","url":null,"abstract":"Globalization has facilitated the interaction of people from diverse cultures. As more firms now operate internationally, ethical issues tend to increase, and thus managers nowadays face more complicated situations that challenge their ability to reason morally. In the previous studies, cultural difference is often used to explain the ethical conflicts between home and host country. This research investigates the moral reasoning abilities of top-level business managers of three cultural groups— the U.S. and Japanese expatriate managers in Taiwan, and local Taiwanese managers. Kohlberg’s (1969, 1976, 1984b) theory of cognitive moral development (CMD) and Rest’s Defining Issues Test Version Two (DIT-2) were used to access the level of ethical reasoning of these business practitioners. Hofstede’s (2001) theory of cultural dimensions was used to describe differences among these managers. A DIT-2 survey packet was sent to 750 managerial and executive level employees at a variety of organizations in Taiwan. Results indicate that personal characteristics (gender, age, education level) and organizational factors (ethics code, ethical training) may not significantly affect one’s ethical perception. Conversely, cultural difference may be diminished and possible ethical convergence may appear through acculturation to local business environment. INTRODUCTION: CULTURE, VALUES, BELIEFS, AND ATTITUDES anagers often face situations that challenge their ability to reason morally (Weber & Wasieleski, 2001). An earlier study conducted by Carroll (1975) found between 65 percent and 84 percent of all managers face ethical dilemmas at least once in their career. Other researchers have confirmed that managers at all levels often feel under pressure to compromise their personal principles for their organizations (Badaracco & Webb, 1995; Harris, 1990; Lincoln, Pressley, & Little, 1982; Posner & Schmidt, 1984, 1987). With the rapid integration of the world economy, many business organizations now operate in a “borderless world” (Robbins, 1994), and ethical issues tend to increase possibly due to cultural differences. As a result, global managers often must navigate the perplexing “gray zone” that arises when two cultures and two sets of ethics meet (Donalson & Dunfee, 1999). The purpose of this research is to investigate empirically whether there are differences among expatriate and local managers in Taiwan. The concept of culture may generally be defined as the shared beliefs and symbols of a group of individuals (McDonald, 2000). Geertz (1973) defined culture as “the fabric of meaning in terms of which human beings interpret their experiences and guide their actions” (p. 145). Swidler (2001) contends that individuals normally rely on cultural values as guides to action to the extent that values provide rationales for predetermined ends. Values are acquired through lifestyle altering experiences, such as childhood and education (Hofstede, 1991; Karahanna, Evaristo, & Sri","PeriodicalId":406250,"journal":{"name":"International Business & Economics Research Journal","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115154396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact Of Ownership Structure On Corporate Debt Policy: Two Stage Least Square Simultaneous Model Approach For Post Crisis Period: Evidence From Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange","authors":"Huson Joher, M. Ali, M. I. Nazrul","doi":"10.19030/IBER.V5I5.3480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/IBER.V5I5.3480","url":null,"abstract":"Ownership concentration as a governance mechanism has received considerable attention among academician, practitioners as well as policy makers because large-block shareholders are increasingly active in their demands that corporations adopt effective governance mechanisms to control managerial decisions, which include corporate debt policy. Earlier study on the agency model of the firm widely recognizes that the managerial ownership and external debt play an important role in mitigating agency conflicts and enhancing firm value. They also found that increase in the external monitors, for example the institutional investors, can actually play a useful role in limiting agency problems in the firm. This paper, using 100 Composite Index companies from Brusa Malaysia between 1998 to 2002 explores the impact of institutional holdings on managerial ownership and debt policy in an integrated framework by using a simultaneous equations estimation procedure (2SLS). The findings show that there is a significant impact of institutional ownership which serves effective control mechanism on managerial ownership and corporate debt policy as hypothesized. Findings of such evidence suggest that institutional holding thus have played an important role in managers' strategic management decision and reduce agency conflict. In addition, corporate debt policy too is governed by managerial ownership and exhibited a negative relation.","PeriodicalId":406250,"journal":{"name":"International Business & Economics Research Journal","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132459360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}