{"title":"Entering the Tourism Industry and Generation Y “Prospects:” Turkish Entrepreneurs Planning to Enter the American Market","authors":"B. Mujtaba, S. Karadayi","doi":"10.19030/IBER.V3I5.3693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/IBER.V3I5.3693","url":null,"abstract":"Many foreign firms competing globally are trying to secure a piece of the tourism market share in the United States. However, people are finding that starting and expanding a new business in the tourism industry to American consumers in the United States can be challenging. This document explores the strategy and mission of Turkish entrepreneurs assessing the tourism industry from a global perspective and choosing the United States to start securing a piece of the market with Generation Y individuals due to the countrys economic factors, the spending power of the average person, the hunger for cultural awareness and diversity, and the political stability of the country. Overall, the marketing strategy of the organization is discussed for the following factors: the product/service, pricing, distribution, and promotion. For calculating the budget, two options which are the fixed costs and the variable costs options are discussed. The focus of this study was to set up a business in a country such as the United States because such a country would have various types of diverse markets. The average income of most consumers in the developing countries seems to be sufficient to purchase services for pleasure, cultural awareness and other desires they would like to pursue. As such, it makes good business sense to enter this competitive market by differentiating ones offering through price, product and service quality to guarantee initial success.","PeriodicalId":406250,"journal":{"name":"International Business & Economics Research Journal","volume":"346 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127581856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Informational Efficiency: An Empirical Test In Asian Currency Crisis","authors":"Zhaohui Zhang, K. Karim","doi":"10.19030/IBER.V4I11.3633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/IBER.V4I11.3633","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we examine whether the trading of the equities of the U.S. international lenders was informationally efficient when the IMF announced its term loan agreement concerning South Korea in late 1997. More specifically, we test whether the foreign exposure levels of different lenders can be distinguished and used by investors to rapidly price the lenders’ stocks proportionally according to the foreign exposure levels. A cross-sectional CAR regression model is used. The evidence indicates that the market is informationally efficient in trading the lenders’ equities during the IMF assistance of South Korea as investors incorporated the foreign exposure into pricing their bank equities rapidly and proportionally. There is a significant positive relationship between the banks' equity prices and their respective exposure levels on the event days. This relationship is not shown on the nonevent dates.","PeriodicalId":406250,"journal":{"name":"International Business & Economics Research Journal","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122575523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"International Internet Retail Marketing: Do Product Characteristics Rally Matter?","authors":"L. E. Taylor, B. Mujtaba","doi":"10.19030/IBER.V4I10.3624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/IBER.V4I10.3624","url":null,"abstract":"Many practitioners and academic researchers are engaged in the evaluation and study of the impact of the Internet on global retail marketing. Findings have generally focused on the unique attributes of the Internet marketplace and many have discussed product attributes or characteristics which seem important to market success. However, a 2003 Irish retail study claims there are no correlations between the types of product purchased on the Internet and challenges the validity of product characteristics as an important consideration for Internet marketing (Golden, Hughes and Gallagher, 2003). This article reviews the development of product characteristic marketing theory and discusses the findings of recent studies which investigate product characteristics and their importance to Internet based international retail marketing plans.","PeriodicalId":406250,"journal":{"name":"International Business & Economics Research Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116156701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"User Views On The Complex Accounting For Financial Instruments","authors":"Rebecca Tan, G. Tower, P. Hancock, R. Taplin","doi":"10.19030/IBER.V4I12.3644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/IBER.V4I12.3644","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines Australian and Singaporean users’ views on fair value accounting for all financial instruments in financial institutions via a survey on various aspects of contention in this debate. Overall, users showed general support for fair value accounting for all financial instruments. In addition, the findings revealed that users will support fair value accounting so long as there is no perceived difference between the banking and trading books, fair values of non-traded financial instruments are reliable and volatility in earnings will not be misunderstood. It was also found that user experience increases the level of support for the proposed fair value accounting model. These results highlight actual user preferences with noticeable support for arguments from both sides of the debate (JWG and JWGBA) in this highly contentious and topical area of accounting for financial instruments.","PeriodicalId":406250,"journal":{"name":"International Business & Economics Research Journal","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130029465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Global Labor Practices And Corporate Social Responsibility","authors":"B. Mujtaba, F. Cavico, Cyndy Jones","doi":"10.19030/IBER.V4I9.3614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/IBER.V4I9.3614","url":null,"abstract":"As companies work in the international marketplace, a level of corporate responsibility is expected by the international business community and by the consumers. Companies must set standards for operations that satisfy the expectations in the home country as well as the host countries. Multinational companies can no longer set financial goals in terms of sales and profitability as the only measures of success; but they must also set standards for ethical and socially responsible behavior of their own enterprise as well as their stakeholders. This paper, using Nike as an example, describes challenges associated with Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) for large multinational organization. Furthermore, this paper discusses what Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is, and what is not, so managers can clearly and realistically state their goals and perspectives on what social responsibility means to their organizations and stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":406250,"journal":{"name":"International Business & Economics Research Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128725345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Technological Resources And Export Intensity: A Microview","authors":"J. Rodríguez, Jesús López Rodríguez","doi":"10.19030/IBER.V4I11.3637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/IBER.V4I11.3637","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyses the influence of technological resources on firm-export intensity. The empirical analysis is carried out on a sample of Spanish manufacturing firms using tobit models. Our findings show that R&D investments, product and process innovations and patents positively and significantly affect the export intensity of Spanish firms.","PeriodicalId":406250,"journal":{"name":"International Business & Economics Research Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129834673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Corporate Governance Structure And Firm Performance: Empirical Evidence From Brusa Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur","authors":"Huson Joher, M. Ali","doi":"10.19030/IBER.V4I9.3620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/IBER.V4I9.3620","url":null,"abstract":"The issue of corporate governance has been emerging as important phenomena that has been searched extensively both in developed countries due to its strategic impact on the monitoring of management activities and firms performance. Yet little attempt has been made in developing countries like Malaysia to ascertain what constitute corporate governance and its impact on firm's performance. Therefore, this study aims at examining the structure of the corporate governance and its impact on firms performance. This study is based on 100 firms, which are the component of the Composite Index (CI) serve as market barometer. This study employs cross-sectional annual multiple regression model to examine, what constitutes the corporate governance structure and its impact on performance of the firm. The analysis was based on annual regression over 5 years period from 1997 through 2001. Three different blend of surrogate for corporate governance were developed for good corporate governance structure. These are the independent non-executive (outside) directors, audit committee and remuneration committee. To isolate the size effect from the impact of corporate governance structure on firms performance, firms size was also included are variable in the model. The ratio of net income before tax to total asset is used as a surrogate for firms performance. Evidence from the study indicates that there is partial relation between corporate governance structure and corporate performance. The presence of both audit and remuneration committee serves as an important monitoring device to control management activities that lead to increase firm's performance. While on average, the presence of independent non-executive directors does not provide any significant explanation for the firm's performance. However, the firm size appears to have significant impact on corporate performance.","PeriodicalId":406250,"journal":{"name":"International Business & Economics Research Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117171633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. López-Rodríguez, J. A. F. Medín, J. López-Rodríguez
{"title":"New Economic Geography And Educational Attainment Levels In The European Union","authors":"J. López-Rodríguez, J. A. F. Medín, J. López-Rodríguez","doi":"10.19030/IBER.V4I8.3613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/IBER.V4I8.3613","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a New Economic Geography model is used to analyse the distribution of educational attainment levels in the European Union. The results show that educational attainment levels decrease with distance to large consumer markets, proving that the theoretical predictions of the model are verified empirically.","PeriodicalId":406250,"journal":{"name":"International Business & Economics Research Journal","volume":"33 15","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120821488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Faculty Development Practices In Distance Education For Success With Culturally Diverse Students","authors":"B. Mujtaba","doi":"10.19030/IBER.V4I4.3582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/IBER.V4I4.3582","url":null,"abstract":"The student population is becoming more geographically and culturally diverse in the online arena because students from all parts of the world are able to register for online classes. These diverse students need competent and qualified online facilitators that are able to use diverse teaching pedagogies to meet their learning needs. Therefore, developing and training faculty members through a successful orientation program to integrate diverse cyberspace technology into the classroom for student learning are a necessity today. As such, administrators should focus on the effective development, training, and retaining of technologically savvy educators to teach in various distance learning modalities (online, on-ground, and blended formats) using cyberspace technology while focusing on effectively achieving learning outcomes with diverse students. The document discusses diversity issues, the desires and views of online students based on a survey of 229 graduate students, and suggestions for new online faculty members. An emersion model of training used for faculty orientation and development is presented.","PeriodicalId":406250,"journal":{"name":"International Business & Economics Research Journal","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126576797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Does privatization in transitional countries influence enterprise efficiency growth: A case of Croatia and Slovenia","authors":"N. Vitezi","doi":"10.19030/IBER.V4I2.3571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/IBER.V4I2.3571","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the impact of privatization on the efficiency growth of enterprises in two transitional countries, which did not follow the same privatization model. The aim of this research is to analyze the effects of privatization on micro and macroeconomic indicators. Research will be based on ten-year time-series analysis, using both financial and other indicators. Particular emphasis will be placed on efficiency and profitability growth by analyzing separately large, medium and small enterprises. The expressed hypotheses, which will be tested through statistical data analysis, are related to the statement that the privatization model utilize did not contribute to the efficiency of the entire economy. However, it did contribute to the efficiency of particular segments of enterprises. The second hypothesis is that the recent growth of small business efficiency will decrease while medium and large enterprise efficiency will increase. Finally, the third hypothesis is related to the impact of enterprises performance in ten years period on macroeconomic indicators.The development of small business in both countries in the early years of transition will be examined. During this time of period, small businesses tended to experience more efficiency growth than other enterprises. However, there currently appears to be a shift in efficiency and profitability growth to medium and large enterprises. Therefore, another aim of this research is to determine what factors may have caused these differences and lead to the opinion about future efficiency growth in countries in transition.","PeriodicalId":406250,"journal":{"name":"International Business & Economics Research Journal","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115177819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}