International Business & Economics Research Journal最新文献

{"title":"Life Expectancy In Zimbabwe: An Analysis Of Five Decades","authors":"Genius Murwirapachena, C. Mlambo","doi":"10.19030/IBER.V14I3.9207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/IBER.V14I3.9207","url":null,"abstract":"Great inconsistencies have been observed in life expectancy dynamics in Zimbabwe over the past decades. Contradictions exist among Zimbabweans where some believe that people used to live longer during the colonial era than they live now. Such beliefs have been exacerbated by the recent economic woes that ensued in the country. Dynamics in the Zimbabwean life expectancy patterns have seen male Zimbabweans outliving their female counterparts since the year 2000. Such an alteration contradicts general world life expectancy trends where females commonly live longer than males. This paper analyses trends in the Zimbabwean life expectancy over the period 1970 to 2012. The ordinary least squares method is used to examine the impact of economic growth, inflation, increase in agriculture land, population growth and the dependency ratio on life expectancy in Zimbabwe. Empirical results from this study revealed that economic growth, inflation and population growth have a positive relationship with life expectancy while increases in both agricultural land and the dependency ratio have negative effects on life expectancy in Zimbabwe.","PeriodicalId":406250,"journal":{"name":"International Business & Economics Research Journal","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132928986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promoting Restaurants Using Social Networks: Still A Lot Of Room For Improvement","authors":"Josep Verdeguer, Á. Peiró-Signes, M. Segarra-Oña","doi":"10.19030/IBER.V13I7.8912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/IBER.V13I7.8912","url":null,"abstract":"A growing trend in the hospitality industry is the promotion of products and services on social networks as an effective and economical way to reach a very important population mass with a bidirectional speech. The aim of this paper is to explore the processes used by Spanish restaurants in two ways: 1) adding to the portfolio of services offered and 2) for the recruitment of staff. Business models of social shopping can be divided largely into three categories: 1) social shopping intermediaries, 2) social shopping markets, and 3) social shopping search engines. It is observed that more and more Spanish restaurants use social shopping to attract their target audience, but this is not very long term. Therefore, a change in the Spanish restaurants model is observed as the customer loyalty decreases and the online business increases. Understanding the key issues will be crucial in maintaining the competitiveness of the business of catering in Spain.","PeriodicalId":406250,"journal":{"name":"International Business & Economics Research Journal","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127207196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role Of Universities In Building A Knowledge-Based Economy In Saudi Arabia","authors":"M. Salem","doi":"10.19030/IBER.V13I5.8771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/IBER.V13I5.8771","url":null,"abstract":"A knowledge-based economy is one of the vital components of modern economies. Growth in most of the economies of the world, and most developed economies in particular, are increasingly based on knowledge. In a knowledge-based economy, economic development is dependent on investments in education, learning and training, among others. Universities are today becoming aware of the essential role that higher education plays in the construction of knowledge-based economies. The kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has adopted the drive toward a knowledge-based economy through focusing on the higher education sector. Saudi Universities are playing a pivotal role toward the Kingdom's transition into a knowledge-based economy and hence achieving economic growth and development. The purpose of this paper is to critically examine the important role that universities play in building a knowledge-based economy through innovation, research commercialization, and technology transfer as economic development policies. The role of universities in building a knowledge-based economy in Saudi Arabia is also investigated. The paper confirms that Saudi universities are considered as a very important entity in the aim for the Saudi economy to achieve sustainable growth and development.","PeriodicalId":406250,"journal":{"name":"International Business & Economics Research Journal","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131805321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-Border Shopping: A Research Proposal For A Comparison Of Service Encounters Of Canadian Cross-Border Shoppers Versus Canadian Domestic In-Shoppers","authors":"Brian Zinser, Gary J. Brunswick","doi":"10.19030/IBER.V13I5.8773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/IBER.V13I5.8773","url":null,"abstract":"The phenomenon known as out-shopping behavior (also known as intermarket patronage) is further explored and analyzed within the context of international cross-border consumer behavior. The authors provide an extensive literature review and a set of research hypotheses, as well as a suggested research methodology, and argue that this research will allow for significant contributions to the literature on out-shopping, international cross-border shopping, and services marketing.","PeriodicalId":406250,"journal":{"name":"International Business & Economics Research Journal","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130189326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants Of Firm Terminal Value: The Perspective Of North American And European Financial Analysts","authors":"P. Reis, M. Augusto","doi":"10.19030/IBER.V13I4.8687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/IBER.V13I4.8687","url":null,"abstract":"Company valuation models attempt to estimate the value of a company in two stages: (1) comprising of a period of explicit analysis and (2) based on unlimited production period of cash flows obtained through a mathematical approach of perpetuity, which is the terminal value. In general, these models, whether they belong to the Dividend Discount Model (DDM), the Discount Cash Flow (DCF), or RIM (Residual Income Models) group, discount one attribute (dividends, free cash flow, or results) to a given discount rate. This discount rate, obtained in most cases by the CAPM (Capital asset pricing model) or APT (Arbitrage pricing theory) allows including in the analysis the cost of invested capital based on the risk taking of the attributes. However, one cannot ignore that the second stage of valuation that is usually 53-80% of the company value (Berkman et al., 1998) and is loaded with uncertainties. In this context, particular attention is needed to estimate the value of this portion of the company, under penalty of the assessment producing a high level of error. Mindful of this concern, this study sought to collect the perception of European and North American financial analysts on the key features of the company that they believe contribute most to its value. For this feat, we used a survey with closed answers. From the analysis of 123 valid responses using factor analysis, the authors conclude that there is great importance attached (1) to the life expectancy of the company, (2) to liquidity and operating performance, (3) to innovation and ability to allocate resources to R&D, and (4) to management capacity and capital structure, in determining the value of a company or business in long term. These results contribute to our belief that we can formulate a model for valuating companies and businesses where the results to be obtained in the evaluations are as close as possible to those found in the stock market.","PeriodicalId":406250,"journal":{"name":"International Business & Economics Research Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125165919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating The Impact Of Historical Costing On Real Earnings Management: An Empirical Study","authors":"Mohamed Hassan Abdel-Azim, A. Ibrahim","doi":"10.19030/IBER.V13I2.8455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/IBER.V13I2.8455","url":null,"abstract":"The current study examines the relationship between Historical Cost Accounting (HCA) and real earnings management. Accounting literature argues that HCA provides a chance for manipulation. HCA creates large unrealized capital gains/losses that are recognized in income statements only when managers decide to sell such assets. This may induce managers to manipulate earnings. Moreover, managers are able to decide which assets to sell and during which period. Therefore, managers can exploit HCA in real earnings management by interfering in the structuring of asset sale transactions. The current study aims to contribute to the ongoing debate over dropping HCA and replacing it with Fair Value Accounting (FVA). Using a sample of the 71 most actively traded non-financial firms listed on the Egyptian Stock Exchange during 2004–2010, multiple regression analysis is employed to test two main hypotheses: the income-smoothing hypothesis and the debt/equity hypothesis. The results provide evidence that managers in the Egyptian business environment exploit HCA in real earnings management to some extent. Managers with negative earnings changes tend to use HCA to smooth earnings, while managers with earnings changes do not. Moreover, there is no evidence for managers’ use of HCA to avoid violating debt contract terms based on accounting numbers.","PeriodicalId":406250,"journal":{"name":"International Business & Economics Research Journal","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127860350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Capacity Building To Leadership Development: An Experiential Journey","authors":"C. Breytenbach, Suzaan Hughes","doi":"10.19030/IBER.V13I1.8350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/IBER.V13I1.8350","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, the researchers discuss how they utilised experiential learning techniques to transform a tutor training program into a leadership development opportunity. Through active research and narrative analysis, the researchers were able to reflect on how the tutor training program they initially developed from an operational need evolved into a leadership development program aimed at encouraging participants to reflect on their own teaching practice and develop an individual teaching philosophy that has its foundations in constructivist learning and experiential learning. The particular leadership skills that the participants developed during the training include planning and strategic thinking, organisational skills, collaboration and team work, effective communication and listening skills, emotional intelligence, and the appropriate display of emotional labour cues while facilitating tutorials. True leadership requires that the leader sets an example to followers. A follower will buy into an idea if the leader can inspire the follower to believe what he believes.","PeriodicalId":406250,"journal":{"name":"International Business & Economics Research Journal","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132402374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Groupons Growth And Globalization Strategy: Structural And Technological Implications Of International Markets","authors":"Suzaan Hughes, C. Breytenbach","doi":"10.19030/IBER.V12I12.8252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/IBER.V12I12.8252","url":null,"abstract":"Groupon is the fastest growing company in the daily deal social e-commerce arena. For this reason, their growth and globalization strategy is of particular interest to any researcher or investor interested in understanding this industry and its potential future growth and development. In this first follow-up article on mergers and acquisitions as Groupons primary growth and globalization strategy, the researchers discuss the structural and technological implications of expanding into developing international markets. The research method utilized in this article was a case study. In a previous article, the researchers evaluated Groupons success in utilizing M&As as its growth and globalization strategy, by applying Ruess and Voelpels (2012) Post Merger Integration (PMI) Scorecard. The factors discussed under the PMI Scorecard included strategic, structural, personnel, cultural and stakeholder integration. In this article, the researchers take an in-depth look at structural and technological implications of acquisitions made by Groupon in developing international markets. A well-developed transport and communications infrastructure network is a pre-requisite for the access of less-developed communities to core economic activities and services (Schwab, Sala-i-Martin & Greenhill, 2011). Effective economies therefore depend on sufficient and uninterrupted electricity supply that would enable unimpeded business functioning. The ability to adopt existing technologies, specifically information and communication technologies (ICTs) is indicative of a countrys level of technological readiness. In countries with limited access to the Internet, mobile broadband, smartphones and social media (like Facebook), Groupon has not managed to build an extensive database of customers. Although they may have reached a particular level of customer saturation in the USA, it cannot be argued that they have succeeded in building the same extensive network of customers in other markets, which calls into question the spending on acquisitions in other markets in order to expand their global reach.","PeriodicalId":406250,"journal":{"name":"International Business & Economics Research Journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131063436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Avoiding Frustrations Of Unprepared Students With Online Quizzes","authors":"A. Campbell, K. Rajaratnam","doi":"10.19030/IBER.V12I8.7997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/IBER.V12I8.7997","url":null,"abstract":"The hierarchical nature of many degrees enables higher-level courses to build on knowledge that has been developed in earlier courses. However, when students enter with weak prior knowledge, lecturers have to spend time addressing this before starting with the new material. This adds time pressure and frustration to lecturers as well as students who have strong prior knowledge. In this paper, we discuss a strategy that we implemented in order to encourage students to revise or learn prerequisite material at the beginning of a master’s level module. Students were asked to take an online quiz on the prerequisite topics. Immediate feedback directed the students to resources which could enhance their knowledge and understanding of the material prior to course commencement. We discuss the multiple benefits this had, for both students and the lecturer, drawing on students’ written responses to reflective questions about the experience and reflections from the lecturer on the use of online quizzes.","PeriodicalId":406250,"journal":{"name":"International Business & Economics Research Journal","volume":"267 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124343115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Students Learning Through Practical Knowledge Taught By Industry Professionals","authors":"K. Rajaratnam, A. Campbell","doi":"10.19030/IBER.V12I6.7875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/IBER.V12I6.7875","url":null,"abstract":"A topic of interest in teaching businesscourses is incorporating the practical aspect of the subject matter intoteaching as this helps to bridge theory and real-world practice. Research indicates that students gain a deeperunderstanding of material when theory is contextualized through real-lifepractical examples. However, given thetraditional career-path of academics in finance in countries such as SouthAfrica, a significant proportion of finance lecturers have little or norelevant practical experience in the subject matter. In this paper, we discuss a strategyimplemented in finance courses at sophomore and senior levels in order to linktheory and practice. Guest speakers were invited from industry to contextualize the topics for the students. Students perceptions on the benefit they derived from the speakers were deduced from statistical analyses of student evaluations. The results indicate that the experience waspositive and aided in their understanding of the subject.","PeriodicalId":406250,"journal":{"name":"International Business & Economics Research Journal","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125721012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}