{"title":"Estimation Of The Marshall-Lerner Condition For Namibia","authors":"J. Eita","doi":"10.19030/IBER.V12I5.7826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/IBER.V12I5.7826","url":null,"abstract":"According to the Marshall-Lerner condition, the sum of trade elasticities should be greater than one for a change in exchange rate to have an impact on the country’s balance of payments. This paper applies cointegrated vector autoregression to empirically estimate the Marshall-Lerner condition in Namibia. The main purpose is to test the impact of change in exchange rate on the trade balance. The paper investigates if trade elasticities are high enough in order to justify a change in exchange rate as an appropriate policy to improve the trade balance of the balance payments. The results indicate that world income has a positive effect on exports, while real exchange rate appreciation discourages exports. Imports respond positively to both domestic income and real exchange rate appreciation. The results indicate that imports and exports respond significantly to a change in the exchange rate and suggest that Marshall-Lerner condition holds for Namibia.","PeriodicalId":406250,"journal":{"name":"International Business & Economics Research Journal","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124972039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Why The SEC Is Delaying Adoption Of International Financial Reporting Standards","authors":"C. Ehoff, Dov Fischer","doi":"10.19030/IBER.V12I2.7635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/IBER.V12I2.7635","url":null,"abstract":"In 2002, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) formally began a process to converge Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). The SEC has repeatedly delayed its decision on whether to adopt International Financial Reporting Standards as the financial reporting system for U.S. public companies, continue with the convergence project, or reject IFRS altogether. This paper will examine several key reports issued by the SEC and the Financial Accounting Foundation to gain further insight into 1) why the SEC has repeatedly delayed its decision, and 2) what the SEC will ultimately decide.","PeriodicalId":406250,"journal":{"name":"International Business & Economics Research Journal","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129576743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Blanca de-Miguel-Molina, María de-Miguel-Molina, M. Segarra-Oña, Á. Peiró-Signes
{"title":"National And International Knowledge Transfers When Using Technology On The Conservation & Restoration Of Paintings","authors":"Blanca de-Miguel-Molina, María de-Miguel-Molina, M. Segarra-Oña, Á. Peiró-Signes","doi":"10.19030/IBER.V11I13.7452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/IBER.V11I13.7452","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyses whether there is national and international knowledge transfer in the creative industry of conservation and restoration of paintings. A comparison between American and European museums is exhibited, distinguishing collaboration with research institutes and universities. A bibliometric measurement was used to obtain the data and a factor analysis to examine them. Results show that European and American museums tend to cooperate in knowledge development with other museums, institutes and universities located in its geographical area.","PeriodicalId":406250,"journal":{"name":"International Business & Economics Research Journal","volume":"146 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116384383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Á. Peiró-Signes, M. Segarra-Oña, Blanca de-Miguel-Molina, María de-Miguel-Molina
{"title":"Environmental's Proactivity Measurement Tool Validation","authors":"Á. Peiró-Signes, M. Segarra-Oña, Blanca de-Miguel-Molina, María de-Miguel-Molina","doi":"10.19030/IBER.V11I13.7444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/IBER.V11I13.7444","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental proactivity is raised as a fundamental part of the corporate social responsibility of companies. Moreover, environmentally responsible behavior is part of the culture of the company and generates both, tangible and intangible benefits. Different classifications depending on how companies react to the social environmental demand can be found, but a method applicable to industrial sectors still lacks. The aim of this paper is to validate a measurement tool for analyzing the incorporation of environmental proactivity to the overall strategy of the organizations and to characterize the industrys behavior as a differentiator and able to generate competitive advantages for the industry.","PeriodicalId":406250,"journal":{"name":"International Business & Economics Research Journal","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130449159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Explaining Migrant Wages: The Case Of Zimbabwean Day Labourers In South Africa","authors":"P. Blaauw, C. Schoeman","doi":"10.19030/IBER.V11I12.7413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/IBER.V11I12.7413","url":null,"abstract":"There has been an increasing inflow of migrants and refugees into South Africa during the last two decades. The origin of these migrants is mainly from South Africa’s long-established sources of migrant workers, including countries from the Southern African Development Community. Over the last decade, African immigrants have encountered brutal manifestations of resentment at their presence in South Africa. The reasons for this are multifaceted, but one of the pertinent perceptions is that immigrants from the country’s northern borders are taking South Africans’ jobs. It is often claimed that casual immigrant workers are willing to work for very low daily wages. In doing so, they get temporary employment in the informal and formal economy at the expense of South African workers, who have much higher reservation wages in the same informal labour market. This is the first study to focus on the wages of migrant day labourers in South Africa by investigating the determinants of day labour wages for migrant day labourers from Zimbabwe. The respondents for this study were interviewed during the first countrywide survey of day labourers in South Africa during 2007. The paper concludes that the income from migrant day labourers from Zimbabwe often exceeds that of the average day labourer in South Africa. The Zimbabweans are, in many cases, better qualified than the average day labourer in South Africa. The main determinants of these migrant wages are their formal level of schooling, language proficiency and the completion of vocational training courses.","PeriodicalId":406250,"journal":{"name":"International Business & Economics Research Journal","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122083174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Explaining Interest Rate Spread In Namibia","authors":"J. Eita","doi":"10.19030/IBER.V11I10.7258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/IBER.V11I10.7258","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the determinants of interest rate spread in Namibia for the period 1996-2010. The investigation is conducted through cointegrated vector autoregression (VAR) or multivariate cointegration methods. The investigation reveals that interest rate spread in Namibia is determined by Treasury bill rate, inflation rate, the size of the economy, financial deepening, bank rate or discount rate and exchange rate volatility. Treasury bill rate, inflation rate and bank rate are associated with an increase in interest rate spread. The size of the economy and financial deepening are associated with a decrease in interest rate spread. The results suggest that an increasing interest rate policy pursued by the government can cause interest rate spread to rise. Increase in the cost of funds to commercial banks may be passed to consumers in the form of higher interest rate spread. An increase in the cost of doing business will cause interest rate spread to rise. Interest rate spread can be reduced by increasing the size of the economy which allows for economies of scale and greater competition. Financial deepening, which allows a high level of interbank competition, can also reduce the interest rate spread.","PeriodicalId":406250,"journal":{"name":"International Business & Economics Research Journal","volume":"179 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133870642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Personal Identity And Nostalgia For The Distant Land Of Past: Legacy Tourism","authors":"Nina M. Ray, G. McCain","doi":"10.19030/IBER.V11I9.7181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/IBER.V11I9.7181","url":null,"abstract":"“The past is certainly a distant land and getting there is a difficult and imperfect undertaking” (Brown, Hirschman & Maclaran (2006). This paper explores motivations behind how consumers reach that “distant land.” Over 1,000 respondents of a variety of ethnic groups show very different stories and diaspora timelines, but personal identity and connection with place are always top ranked motivations for interest in ancestors. How might groups, who may suffer from a lack of identity, fit into these findings when ‘personal identity’ is the number one reason why consumers engage in genealogy and legacy tourism? Whether a group is well defined (e.g., descended from Norwegian ancestors) or not well defined, results are remarkably similar.","PeriodicalId":406250,"journal":{"name":"International Business & Economics Research Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127020324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Growth And Implications Of Social E-Commerce And Group Buying Daily Deal Sites: The Case Of Groupon And Livingsocial","authors":"Suzaan Hughes, C. Beukes","doi":"10.19030/IBER.V11I8.7169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/IBER.V11I8.7169","url":null,"abstract":"E-commerce has changed the nature of the value propositions that companies now offer to their customers. The convergence of content sites and social networks has resulted in emerging ecommerce business models. The group buying/local daily deals e-commerce platform represents the collective bargaining power that individuals can leverage to obtain daily deals on local products, services and “experiences”. These local discounted deals are distributed via e-mail and the websites of companies like Groupon and LivingSocial that have established themselves as the sector leaders. The convergence of traditional and electronic business models, as well as traditional and new business practices, are changing the face of global business as we know it. In this study, the authors critically reflect on the strategic management implications of the convergence of content, community and commerce in the form of social e-commerce and daily deal sites. The authors consider the implications of the rapid growth experienced by daily deal social group buying sites, in terms of strategy, and question its long-term value-creation. Future investors are urged to consider the long-term value-creation and not merely the short-term payoff of these sites. Merchants are urged to consider the practical implications of offering coupons on these sites for the day-to-day operation of their businesses.","PeriodicalId":406250,"journal":{"name":"International Business & Economics Research Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130140530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hesham I. Almujamed, Suzanne G. M. Fifield, D. Power
{"title":"Share Valuation Methods And Data Source-Based Accounting In An Emerging Stock Market: The Case Of The Kuwaiti Stock Market","authors":"Hesham I. Almujamed, Suzanne G. M. Fifield, D. Power","doi":"10.19030/IBER.V11I7.7059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/IBER.V11I7.7059","url":null,"abstract":"This paper uses a questionnaire survey to investigate share valuation methods and the sources of information employed by Kuwaiti investors; it compares the appraisal techniques and the sources of information employed by Kuwaiti investors to those used in other developed and emerging stock markets . The findings suggest that Kuwaiti investors behave like their counterparts in other stock markets; fundamental analysis is the main appraisal technique used by investors; technical analysis and risk analysis are ranked second and third, respectively. However, the usage of technical and risk analysis is much higher in Kuwait. Further, quarterly and annual corporate reports as well as newspapers, the Kuwait Stock Exchange (KSE) website, and charts are commonly studied by investors when valuing Kuwaiti shares. By contrast, communication with company management is not common since executives are usually unwilling to discuss their firm's performance with investors.","PeriodicalId":406250,"journal":{"name":"International Business & Economics Research Journal","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127189328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Inflation And Stock Market Returns In South Africa","authors":"J. Eita","doi":"10.19030/IBER.V11I6.7020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19030/IBER.V11I6.7020","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigated the relationship between stock market returns and inflation in South Africa and revealed that stock market returns and inflation in South Africa are positively related. An increase in inflation results in an increase in stock prices. The results also indicate that when all-share index is used as the measure of stock market returns, the causality is bi-directional. However, when gold index is used as a proxy for stock market returns, the causality is unidirectional, running from inflation to stock market returns. The positive association between these two variables suggests that equities are a hedge against inflation in South Africa.","PeriodicalId":406250,"journal":{"name":"International Business & Economics Research Journal","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115806511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}